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Composting 101 2018 12-08
- 1. COMPOSTING 101Ellen Book, Master Gardener Miami-Dade County Cooperative Extension
- 3. http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/ Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS
- 4. (Every Day Information Source)
- 9. Was NOT me
- 10. A Tumbler Bin Composter
- 17. GREENs = nitroGenBROWNs = carBon NitroGen = ProteinCarBon = Energy
- 22. BROWNS ON THE BOTTOM WOULD BE
- 30. AS PILE TEMPERATURES & TIME IS NEEDED FOR VARIOUS MICROORGANISMS TO COLONIZE
- 31. Left: (1 year old) Last year’s material all garden stuff, grass & leaves, kitchen: banana peels veg. trimmings from the pile’s top. Middle: (2 years old) bottom of this year’s pile put into bags Right: (3 years old) Finished product from the bags to be used in the garden & greenhouse this year GUESS WHERE THIS COMPOST WAS MADE?
- 33. Smaller surface areas decompose faster
- 38. The free compost bins have trapdoors at the bottom to access the compost.
- 39. Check for moisture when turning the compost. The consistency should feel like a wrung-out sponge.
- 40. Unfinished compost may stress plants, causing yellowing or stalling growth
- 41. Heat cooks most weeds
- 42. LANDFILL SITES
- 44. COMPOSTING 101 QUESTIONS? Upcoming Master Gardener Programs https://tinyurl.com/Plant Events Wed., Dec 12, 2018 10:30am – 12:30pm Composting 101 Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden Sat.,Dec 15, 2018 3:00pm – 4:30pm Maintaining your South Florida Landscape W. Dade Regional Library 9445 Coral Way How to create a proper maintenance schedule for your landscape: pruning, watering, mowing or fertilization. Access this presentation at: http://TINYURL.com/CompostingClass
Notes de l'éditeur
- https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/miami-dade/
- ADVICE FOR SOUTH FLORIDA GARDENERS
- ADVICE SUCH AS WHAT FRUITS AND VEGGIES WILL GROW AND THRIVE.
- START WITH FOOD SCRAPS. BUT THAT IS JUST THE START…
- TOO MUCH OF ONE THING – LIKE FOOD SCRAPS – MAKES A STINKY MESS.
- LIFE AND COMPOSTING – IT’S ALL ABOUT BALANCE.
- THERE ARE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COMPOST BINS. SOME CITIES DON’T ALLOW OPEN BINS. MINIMUM SIZE 3’x3’x3”
- A COMPOST PILE IS AS EASY AS A CIRCLE OF WIRE. ENCLOSURES ARE A GOOD IDEA TO KEEP OUT DOGS & RODENTS FROM DIGGING FOR FOOD SCRAPS.
- START OUT WITH A VEGETARIAN COMPOST PILE. IF YOUR PUTTING THE COMPOST ON EDIBLES, THINK ABOUT WHAT YOU WANT THE PLANT TO UPTAKE FROM THE SOIL IF THE ANIMAL EATS MEATS – DON’T COMPOST ITS POOP. IF IT STILL HAS A WATER CONTENT – IT’S A GREEN
- The bacteria responsible for the composting process require C & N as nutrients to construct their bodies as they reproduce and multiply. CARBON HAS A “B” SO THINK BROWN NITROGEN HAS AN “G” SO THINK GREEN CARBON CREATES ENERGY AS HEAT. NITROGEN IS USED A FOOD/PROTEIN. THE ELEMENTS IN THIS SLIDE ARE THE RECIPE. GREENS + BROWNS + WATER + HEAT + MICRO-ORGANISMS + MACRO-ORGANISMS + OXYGEN = COMPOST
- RECIIPE IS SIMPLE – DO NOT OVERDUE THE GREENS
- EXAMPLES OF GREENS
- Examples of browns
- LIKE THE FOOD PYRAMID OF HOW MUCH WE SHOULD EAT – THIS IS WHAT COMPOST IS CREATED FROM: MORE BROWNS, THEN GREENS
- YES, YOU CAN MIX IT ALL UP. BUT THIS METHOD IS BALANCED. BALANCING MAKES THE COMPOST BREAK DOWN FASTER.
- SOIL THAT IS STERILE (WITHOUT MICRO-ORGANISMS) END UP NEEDING MORE FERTILIZERS. FERTILIZERS SEEP INTO THE AQUIFER.
- In the process of composting, microorganisms break down organic matter and produce carbon dioxide, water, heat, and humus, DIFFERENT BUGS LIKE DIFFERENT TEMPS. Different communities of microorganisms predominate during the various composting phases. Initial decomposition is carried out by mesophilic microorganisms, which rapidly break down the soluble, readily degradable compounds. The heat they produce causes the compost temperature to rapidly rise. As the temperature rises above about 40°C, the mesophilic microorganisms become less competitive and are replaced by others that are thermophilic, or heat-loving. At temperatures of 55°C and above, many microorganisms that are human or plant pathogens are destroyed. Because temperatures over about 65°C kill many forms of microbes and limit the rate of decomposition, compost managers use aeration and mixing to keep the temperature below this point. During the thermophilic phase, high temperatures accelerate the breakdown of proteins, fats, and complex carbohydrates like cellulose and hemicellulose, the major structural molecules in plants. As the supply of these high-energy compounds becomes exhausted, the compost temperature gradually decreases and mesophilic microorganisms once again take over for the final phase of "curing" or maturation of the remaining organic matter.
- A LOT OF LIFE GOES ON IN JUST ONE TABLESPOON OF DIRT. Soil is alive. Much more than a prop to hold up your plants, healthy soil is a jungle of voracious creatures eating and pooping and reproducing their way toward glorious soil fertility. A single teaspoon (1 gram) of rich garden soil can hold up to one billion bacteria, several yards of fungal filaments, several thousand protozoa, and scores of nematodes,
- DIFFERENT BACTERIA LIKE DIFFERENT TEMPS.
- COMPOST STARTS out COLD, AND AS THE MICROORGANISMS EAT IT GETS HOT, THEN HOTTER, THEN AS THEIR FOOD SUPPLY IS USED UP IT STARTS TO COOL DOWN.
- THIS IS THE PROCESS. How much time depends on the mix.
- Compost heat is produced as a by-product of the microbial breakdown of organic material.
- ALASKA! WHAT TAKES THREE YEARS IN ALASKA, CAN TAKE JUST MONTHS IN OUR CLIMATE. THE PROBLEM FOR SOUTH FLORIDA GARDENERS, IS WITH YEAR-ROUND HEAT, COMPOST DETERIORATES QUICKLY.
- CHIP DOWN LARGER ITEMS. ONE WOMAN USES HER BLENDER TO CREATE A MUSH SHREDDERS ARE GOOD FOR TOILET PAPER ROLLS, SMALLER CARDBOARD.
- IT’S THE SAME RECIPE. AERATION KEEPS THE GREENS FROM MATTING.
- IF YOU ARE USING AN OUTSIDE OPEN COMPOSTER – BURY ANY FOOD SCRAPS AT LEAST 7 INCHES DEEP.
- AERATION IS A NECESSITY. THIS IS THE PHYSICAL PART OF COMPOSTING.
- THE OTHER PHYSICAL PART IS MOVING THE NEWEST DECOMPOSED MATERIALS OUT TO MATURE. MOVE THE COOLER AREAS OUTSIDE TO THE INSIDE.
- THE COMPOSTER THAT MIAMI-DADE GIVES OUT HAS A DOOR AT THE BOTTOM TO TAKE OUT COMPOST. LARGER PIECES CAN BE PUT BACK INSIDE
- COMPOST IS AN AMENDMENT NOT A FERTILIZER. IT HELPS WITH THE UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS. JUST LIKE YOU DON’T LIVE BY EATING JUST VITAMINS, THE VITAMIN PILLS THAT YOU TAKE HELP YOU ABSORB THE MOST OUT OF THE FOOD THAT YOUR EAT.
- A THERMOMETER IS VALUABLE! Probe deep into the compost. Take TEMPERATURE readings in several locations at various depths from the top and sides. Compost may have hotter and colder pockets depending on the moisture & ingredients. IF air enters from the bottom, the hottest locations tend to be two-thirds or more of the way up. A well constructed compost system will heat up to 104F -122F within two to three days. As readily decomposable organic matter becomes depleted, the temperature begins to drop and the process slows considerably. The temperature DEPENDS ON how much heat is being produced by microorganisms and how much is lost through aeration and surface cooling. Moisture also affects temperature change; since water has a higher heat than most other materials, drier compost mixtures tend to heat up and cool off more quickly than wetter mixtures, + MICROBES NEED MOISTURE.
- LANDFILLS IN FLORIDA ARE THROUGHOUT FL. THE TRASH PILES ARE GETTING BIGGER AND HIGHER . 20% WHAT’S BEING TRASHED COULD BE RECYCLED INTO COMPOST.
- HEALTHY VEGGIES AND PLANTS START WITH HEALTHY DIRT
- TO ACCESS A COPY OF THIS POWERPOINT PRESENTATION, GO TO HTTP://TINYURL.COM/CompostITMiami UPCOMING CLASSES FILL OUT YOUR TWO EVALAUTIONS TO RECEIVE YOUR VOUCHER FOR A FREE COMPOSTER.