Ebru Ergoz Karahan “The Relation between the Occupant Behaviour, Energy Efficiency and the Residential Building Characteristics: Case of Turkey.” Energy Cultures Conference 2016

1. THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE
The Relation
Between Occupant
Behaviour, Energy
Efficiency and
Residential Building
Characteristics:
Case ofTurkey
EbruErgözKarahan
FacultyofArchitectureandDesign
OzyeginUniversityIstanbul

2. Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE
Building characteristics are
known to have a significant
effect on energy consumption
Besides building features,
occupant behaviour could have
an important impact on the
energy consumption in
buildings
http://www.demirdograma.com.tr/uploads/apartman-kapisi-
%20122-08-04-20152611597.jpg
Karahan, 2015

3. Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE
AIM
To investigate the energy efficiency of houses with different
building types and systems
To highlight the relation between building features and
occupant behaviour

4. DATA AND METHOD
Traditional vernacular houses and
contemporary houses
were chosen as cases
A questionnaire with a series of
quantitative and qualitative questions
The questions were about buildings,
household characteristics, behaviour and
energy use issues.
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2615/4195218258_de0ac16b3
6.jpg
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

5. STUDY AREA - Osmaneli County
Osmaneli: NW ofTurkey.
A combination of the Black Sea-Mediterranean and
Central Anatolian climates
. Annual average temperature: 14,2 ºC
. Annual precipitation amount: 433,8 mm.
. City population: 14 555
.Total population: 20 912
Alok, 2015
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

6. HOUSING ıN OSMANELI
Consisting of two parts:
1.traditional vernacular housing
2.modern houses built after 1920s.
Alok, 2015
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

7. . Construction, Planning and Building Envelope
Usually two or three storeys high.
The ground floor: stone or adobe
Upper floors: timber with adobe in filled
The flooring is timber beamed,
The floors are with two bases
Simple plan types
Thermal comfort is provided
via natural ventilation of the building elements
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSES
Facade, windows and doors
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

8. . Material
Local natural materials such as wood, sandstone and adobe
Wood is used as either structural element or covering material in the
houses
Inner and outer walls, floors, stairs, roofs, façade, ceiling and floor
coverings, doors, windows, shutters, underside of eaves and several
decorations are made of wood.
Adobe and stoneAdobe and timber Roof construction, wood
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSES
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

9. Regulations regarding energy conservation and saving issues
are not sufficient or detailed inTurkey.
In recent years the country has reviewed and followed EU
regulations and directives
Many legislative actions and energy directives are harmonized
and adapted from EU rules about energy efficiency in buildings
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CONTEMPORARY HOUSES
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

10. Construction- Material
Reinforced concrete structure system
RC floors, beams and columns
External and internal walls: hollow clay
brick
Walls: cement plaster from both sides. Typical reinforced concrete system
without plasters.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CONTEMPORARY HOUSES
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

11. Traditional houses Contemporary Houses
Two-three storey buildings with
courtyards
Mostly apartments
Winter and summer rooms No such differentiation
Wood construction system Reinforced concrete const. system
Open or half open spaces Balconies
Natural ventilation Artificial weathering systems
Local materials Modern industrialised materials
More sustainable
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL & CONTEMPORARY HOUSES
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

12. SPATIAL DISTRUBITION OFTHE SAMPLE
NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA
NEIGBOURHOOD BORDER
266 RESIDENTIALS
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

13. FINDINGS OFTHE SURVEY
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE
%
Tradit
%
Contmp
Respondents lived for 16 years and above in Osmaneli 82.5 80.1
Respondents lived for 20 years and above in their present
houses
52.5 38.1
Dwellings age 16 years old and above 97.5 73.9
Use of natural gas for heating 27.5 49.6
Use of stove for heating 72.5 46.5
Use of LPG for cooking 72.5 49.1
Use of solar energy for hot water 5.0 8.8
Use of energy saving products 57.5 69.0
Use of water heater 65.0 40.7

14. FINDINGS OFTHE SURVEY
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE
First attempt at cooler degrees to wear additional clothing
(65.0% traditional h. residents – 48.7% cont. h. residents
Second attempt at cooler degrees to increase the heat
(30.0% traditional h. residents – 37.6% cont. h. residents
Energy saving behaviour and
attempt to use energy saving products
is more important for the women, the families, the renters, the
elderly and the people with higher education
less important for the young, the single and the people with
low income

15. OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSES
Case 01
83 year old, two storey, wood construction
200 sq. m house
200 sq m. garden
Main elevation facing SW
Single female occupant
Main heating is coal/wood stove
Electricity is used for heating water
(monthly 20-40 €)
Case 01 - facade
Living Room
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

16. OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSES
Case 02
300 year old, two storey house,
wood construction with adobe infilled
200 sq. m house, 600 sq m. garden
main elevation facing SE
Family house
Main heating is coal/wood stove
Side Facade and the Garden
The living room
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

17. OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSES
Case 03
300 year old, three storey, six-bedroom
wood construction
500 sq. m house with a 50 sq m. garden
Main elevation facing NE
Two elderly occupants
Domestic heating
Facade and the interior
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

18. OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF CONTEMPORARY HOUSES
Case 04
38 year old, three storey apartment
building, without isolation
reinforced concrete structure, 100 sq. m
Main elevation: South
Domestic heating (for 3 years)
Family with young children
During cold spells, the family increases
the tempature and uses additional
clothing
Facade
Living Room
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

19. OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF CONTEMPORARY HOUSES
Case 05
14 year old, two storey apartment
building, with isolation
reinforced concrete structure
110 sq. m, four-bedroom
the main elevation facing South
Domestic heating (for 2 years)
During cold spells, the family
increases the tempature and uses
additional clothing
Bedroom
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

20. OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR OF CONTEMPORARY AND VERNACULAR HOUSES
Traditional Houses Contemporary Houses
Long duration time of the residence Time of residence changes
Alterations made during winter
i.e. Using one storey, keeping the unused
rooms closed, etc
Additional clothing during winter
Increase the temperature
Additional clothing during winter
Use of courtyards, gardens
Use of natural ventilation
Use of artificial weathering systems
Use of windows Use of windows
Electrical devices, TVs, Computers, Electrical devices, TVs, Computers,
Long bathing time Long bathing time
Presence of aged people Presence of children
Use of local people in building the house
(use of experience of the past)
Use of local people due to the presence of
land and money
(use of knowledge of present time)
Continuation of customs
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

21. In this study
. Occupant Behaviour,
. Energy Efficiency and
. Building Characteristics of
.TraditionalVernacular and Contemporary Houses
are examined.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE

22. -The occupants appear to have developed skills demanding
routines and actions according to building features
- Dominant factors in decisions about energy use: Cost,
conveince, health and age
- Dominant factors in decisions about energy saving: education,
gender, age, income and household composition
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE
CONCLUDING REMARKS

23. -Household and personal characteristics
-Housing design, building features have an impact
on the energy behaviour
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE
CONCLUDING REMARKS

24. Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE
The traditional design principles, materials or
construction system may be applied with
modern sustainable materials or
integrated with contemporary systems
to cope with the disadvantages.
Traditional houses are good examples of climatic and energy
efficient design
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Occupant behaviour adjustment and design alterations offers
solutions to creating more energy efficient environments

25. THANKYOU
Ebru Ergöz Karahan, Faculty of Architecture and Design
THE ENERGY CULTURES CONFERENCE