15. The Urban Challenge
• As the World Economic Forum has noted, “Cities are
evolving faster than at any point in our history,
putting them on the cusp of major transformation
which, if managed well, could lead to
unprecedented economic growth and prosperity for
all, but if managed in an uncoordinated manner
could drive social, economic and environmental
decline.”
16. The Case for Cities
• Vehicles for upward social mobility
• Efficiencies that can address energy and
climate
• Democratic participation benefits
• Ability to scale – Global Progress on poverty
21. The Need for Democratic
Urbanism
“Nor will meaningful urban development occur
spontaneously. Smart, inclusive, long-range
planning is required. New forms of devolved
governance are warranted, including greater
power for mayors and municipal governments,
and more participative involvement of civil
society groups and city populations. A
continental conversation is needed about the
state of Africa’s cities.” – World Economic Forum
on Africa, 2016
34. An Oxfam survey of 70,000 people in 10 countries, including
the UK, showed support for action to tackle inequality. Nearly
two-thirds of people – 72% in the UK – said they want their
government to urgently address the income gap between rich
and poor in their country.
48. The Role of Architects
"The architecture profession thought not
so long ago that it knew how to design
cities and that its obligation was to design
cities and to teach how to design cities,"
he said. "Nobody can design cities
anymore, or rather the cities that people
know how to design are completely
different from the cities that architecture
considers legitimate and organised…we
are basically confronted with a
phenomenal amount of evidence of the
redundancy and even the absurdity of our
profession. It's a really deeply tragic
situation."
49. “The biggest problem is the understanding of what
urban design is… the urban community has become
lost in strategic planning, masterplanning, zoning and
landscaping … All these have their own purposes, of
course – but they don’t address the principal
question, which is the relationship in a city between
public space and buildable space. This is the art and
science of building cities – and until we recover this
basic knowledge, we will continue to make huge
mistakes … Huge mistakes.” – Joan Clos, UNHABITAT
50. The citizen architect
“To get to the future from where we are now, we must make
room for, and nurture, what I call the “citizen architect.” What
does this citizen architect look like? This person is committed
to universal enfranchisement, and works to see that everyone
in the community is given a meaningful stake in, and a part in
directing, the future. The citizen architect is committed to
seeing that, at the drafting table, the public’s hand exerts at
least as much force as the developer’s or banker’s. The
practice of architecture must no longer be seen as a luxury that
only the wealthy can afford. The public must be a vital part of
the process. Architecture is the most public of the arts. It
should be collaborative.” - Ted Pappas, President of the AIA,
1988, at the Remaking Cities Conference
53. Universal Values of P2
IAP2 Core Values for the Practice of Public Participation
• Public participation is based on the belief that those who are affected by a
decision have a right to be involved in the decision-making process.
• Public participation includes the promise that the public’s contribution will
influence the decision.
• Public participation promotes sustainable decisions by recognizing and
communicating the needs and interests of all participants, including decision
makers.
• Public participation seeks out and facilitates the involvement of those potentially
affected by or interested in a decision.
• Public participation seeks input from participants in designing how they
participate.
• Public participation provides participants with the information they need to
participate in a meaningful way.
• Public participation communicates to participants how their input affected the
decision.
57. The public imperative
• Without direct public involvement in the
building of plans, they lack legitimacy. Too
many planners try to manufacture legitimacy
through public relations strategies. However,
public participation is the platform upon
which city-building depends.
60. Example – NYC World Trade Center
• Listening to the City brought
more than 4,300 people together
on July 2, 2002
• Key problem: Sponsoring
agencies (Lower Manhattan
Development Corporation and
the Port Authority)wanted
feedback on designs, and public
wanted input on design. (Consult
vs. Collaborate) Outcome: Public
rejected all of existing designs
and sent the entire initiative back
to the drawing board.
63. Democratic urbanism - Innovation
“The story of the High Line is really about what
can happen when an inspired private sector
teams up with a determined and creative public
sector. That’s when the real magic happens.
That collaboration not only saved the structure
but then devised a public-private partnership to
pay for its construction and management. There
was no precedent or road map, so we made it
up as we went along.” - Daniel Doctoroff,
former deputy mayor, New York City
64. The Seattle Story
When urban democracy expands, cities flourish. The
placemaking outcomes – and the impact on people –
are nothing short of remarkable.
90. “Thanks in part to your superb efforts, we have concrete
proof that group facilitation and group process
methodologies yield significant, measurable results”
“inspiring”…”exceptional”
“A replicable set of values and a process that can be
broadly applied to urban design and sustainable
communities; and the development of a participatory
culture and applied values that explicitly recognize the
central place of the public in the design of the built
environment.”
92. What is a Design Assistance Team?
The DAT program brings together multidisciplinary teams of
professionals to work with community stakeholders and
decision-makers in an intensive 3-5 day planning process.
93. Since 1967…Collectively the DAT program, a public
service of the AIA, represents over 1000 professionals
from more than 30 disciplines providing millions of
dollars in professional pro bono services to more than
200 communities across the country, ultimately
catalyzing over one billion dollars in new
investment…
94. • Holistic, Interdisciplinary Approach to Community
Design (Customized multi-disciplinary team)
• Neutral Outsiders (Pro Bono Public Service)
• COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION (Citizen Experts,
Authentic Community Process, meaningful
participation)
Principles
95. Day 1
Welcome/Briefing
Overview
Tour
Lunch
Stakeholder Sessions
Stakeholder Sessions
Team Meeting
Public Workshop
Team Dinner
Team Meeting
Follow Up Site Visits
Follow Up Meetings
Lunch
Studio Work
(Local Volunteers)
Studio Work
Team Check-in
Day 2
Team Meeting
Report Production
Graphics Production
Lunch
Studio Work
Team Check-ins
Dinner
Work Late
Team Meeting
Report Production
Lunch
Presentation Design
Team Check-ins
Public Presentation
Celebration Dinner
Day 3 Day 4
ARRIVAL
WelcomeEvent
KickOff
DEPARTURE
Typical Process Schedule
114. “Viewed from today, it is hard to believe the sense of risk
that the first developers in the Northwest Triangle felt as
they challenged a complete lack of interest in downtown
living when the R/UDAT came to town in 1983. The R/UDAT
team had demonstrated sound opportunity. Daring
developers, good planning and a favorable economy turned
opportunity to reality and ushered in metropolitan living in
the Pearl District on a scale unimaginable in 1983.” –
Paddy Tillett, FAIA
117. “It was an experiment in deep democracy. That is the
beauty of it –a true community effort, we were all in it
together. It was not created through a hierarchy of
controlling leadership.” – Steve Robinson, Santa Fe
Railyard Community Corporation
120. “This opportunity for our community was a catalyst
for action, implementation and improvement. A
primary outcome has been that the process
awakened community pride and inspired a “together
we can” attitude.” – Nathan West, Community
Development Director
123. “No one thought we could get this much done in
just 3 years. We have done it together. We are a
community on the move! Ain’t no stopping us
now! I can’t wait to see what we will have done in
ten years.” – Neighborhood Assc. Leader
126. Remaking Cities Congress, 2013
“Thank you and the American Institute of
Architects for all you have done to help move
Birmingham forward.” – Mayor William Bell
127.
128.
129.
130. Framework Initiative - Dublin
Dublin’s City Architect noted that the initiative
has now been “included as an action in our
Government’s Dublin Action Plan for Jobs,” and
that “the Plan makes the connection between
the quality of the built environment and
enterprise.” She noted that “it’s a first for a
Government national economic policy as
opposed to an environmental / architectural
policy document.”
148. Program Components
• 2-day training workshop
• Public lecture at university
• Consultation with local officials
• Events with CAU/IAB Partners
• Peer Exchange on Process & Issues
• Public Forum
• Consultations with local NGOs
• Partnership on national grant
• Conference calls
151. "The proposal by the Architectural Association of Kenya (AAK), arguably the first such
approach to be adopted in East Africa, aims at infusing public participation in the
development of key infrastructure especially in major urban centres in the country
mostly plagued by unplanned construction.The radical shift dubbed ‘Democratic
Urbanism’, if introduced, will also be falling in line with the constitution which demands
that public input is sought before undertaking any major development project."
154. Proposal
• AIA define process & resources
• AUA identify demonstration project location
and form local steering committee
• Late 2018/Early 2019 Site Visit
• First Quarter, 2019: Project
• 2019 Conference on Architecture Panel
