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Kabul air pollution and major health risk
- 1. Kabul Air Pollution And Major Health Risk Prepared by: Dr. Atta Mohhmmad Gadazada Dr.Abdul Karim Homayoon Dr.Nasir Ahmad Tokhi Dr.Ehsanullah Mayar Dr.Esmatullah Shafaq 1January 07, 2019
- 2. Table of content Kabul Geographic Information Definition of Air pollution Major Air pollutants of Kabul city Health Consequence of Air Pollution Death fro Air Pollution Worldwide Pollution comparison between Delhi and Kabul Pollution comparison between Calgary and Kabul Easy recommendations to stop air pollution Conclusion References 1/13/2019 2
- 3. Kabul Geographic Information Kabul is the capital of Afghanistan Estimates population in 2015 is 4.635 million Population growth rate: 2.37% Area: 1,023 km² Elevation: 1,791 m Weather: -6 °C, Wind NW at 8 km/h, 72% Humidity Local time: Sunday, 10:30 pm January 06, 2019 1/13/2019 3
- 4. Definition of air pollution Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere (WHO) 1/13/2019 4 Units of measurement. Air quality measurement are commonly reported in terms of: micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3) parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb)
- 5. Air pollutant The substances that cause air pollution are called pollutant Household combustion devices Motor vehicles Industrial facilities Forest fires (garbage fire) are Common sources of air pollution. 1/13/2019 5
- 6. Kabul air pollution a major health risk 1. Afghanistan imports 5,000-6,000 tones of fuel every day but there is little or no supervision of its quality 2. Air pollution in Kabul may be hastening the death of over 3,000 people every year, according to the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH, 29 January 2009). 3. Epidemiological studies by the MoPH indicate cardiovascular and respiratory diseases resulting from air pollution in Kabul are increasing the country's crude mortality rate by four percent a year. (MoPH) 4. If we apply the 4% increase in mortality due to air pollution to the population of Kabul, then an extra 3,060 persons may be losing their lives due to air pollution per year," the MoPH said in a statement 1/13/2019 6
- 7. Pollutants of major public health concern include 1. Carbon monoxide 2. Sulfur dioxide 3. Nitrogen oxides 4. Hydrocarbons 5. Particulate matter Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other diseases, which can be fatal. 1/13/2019 7
- 8. Afghanistan Environmental health According to WHO estimates, deaths due to environmental risks constitute 26% of all deaths in Afghanistan. Household Air Pollution (HAP) is the single most important environmental health risk factor worldwide. In Afghanistan, it is estimated that HAP causes over 27 000 deaths per year, whereas Ambient Air Pollution (outdoor) causes over 11 000 deaths annually. An estimated 3000 Afghans die due to second-hand smoke every year (EMRO/WHO, 2016). Women and children are at particular risk of exposure to household air pollution as they stay at home more than men 1/13/2019 8 http://www.emro.who.int/afg/programmes/eh.html
- 9. Health Consequence of Air Pollution 1/13/2019 9
- 10. 1/13/2019 10 1)Fast growing population,2) use of low quality fuel, 3)high number of vehicles, 4) smoke-producing machines are major air pollutants sending substances into the air which caused various diseases
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- 13. India is expected to begin work on the $236 million Shahtoot Dam project on the Kabul River Conference of National environmental protection agency air pollution a major health risk, May 6, 2018 1/13/2019 13
- 17. Easy recommendations to stop air pollution 1. Use Public Transportation 2. Drive Smart 3. Do Regular Car Check Up. 4. Keep Car Tires Properly Inflated 5. Buy Energy Efficient Vehicles 6. Consider “going green” 7. Plant a Garden 8. Use Low-VOC or Water-based Paints. 9. Turn Off Lights When not in Use 10. Buy Green Electricity 11. Make use of Solar Energy 12. Use Natural Gas Instead of Charcoal 13. Use a EPA Certified Woodstove 14. Dry Clothes on Clothesline 15. Always Use Recyclable Products 16. Use Both Sides of Paper 17. Reuse Paper Bags 18. Avoid Plastic Bags: 19. Choose Products With Minimal Packaging 20. Use Broom Instead of Leaf Blower 21. Don’t Use Hazardous Chemicals: 22. Quit Smoking 23. Insulate the Leakages: 24. Consolidate Your Trips 25. Get an Energy Audit Done 26. Use Surge Protectors 27. Use Fan Instead of AC 28. Use Blankets When it is Cold Outside 29. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 30. Buy Items Made From Recycled Materials 31. Cut Down on Junk Mail 32. Buy Rechargeable Batteries. 33. Buy ENERGY STAR Products 34. Use Cold Water Instead of Hot 35. Eat Organic Food 36: Grown Your Own Fruits and Vegetables 37. Ask your Employer For WFH Facility 38. Contribute: 39. Talk to Local Representatives 40. Educate Your Companions 41: Join an Environmental Group. 1/13/2019 17
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- 20. Bibliography/ Reference 1. https://nepa.gov.af/2018/05/06/ 2. https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2018/04/24/air-pollution-reaches-unhealthy- level-kabul 3. https://www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities/en/ 4. http://www.emro.who.int/afg/programmes/eh.html 5. http://www.irinnews.org/report/82639/afghanistan-kabul-air-pollution-major- health-risk 6. https://www.numbeo.com/pollution/in/Kabul 7. https://www.numbeo.com/pollution/compare_cities.jsp?country1=Canada&coun try2=Afghanistan&city1=Calgary&city2=Kabul&tracking=getDispatchComparison 8. https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/41-super-easy-ways-to-stop-air- pollution.php 1/13/2019 20