1. TEACHER:
RosaGonzalesLlontop
GROUP6:
Agip AlarcónWalterDaniel
CamposTapiaAlexander
HerreraCercadoRomain
OcañaParedesChristian

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DRUG ADDICTION
DEFINITION:
It is a psychological dependence, whose individual feels an urgent need for drugs or otherwise, an emotional
meltdown when ingested and physical dependence caused by the terrible withdrawal symptoms when not
eating it.
Drug addiction is called the psychic and sometimes physical state caused by the interaction between a living
organism and a drug. Characterized by behavioral and other responses, that always includes an irrepressible
urge to take the drug continuously or periodically in order to experience its psychic effects and sometimes to
avoid the discomfortof its absence.
CAUSES:
Familyproblems
Adolescents living a crisis stage and trying to evade the problems, seeking an easy out or forms to forget, for
example with alcohol and drugs.
Often addictions arise from problems within the family (misunderstanding, miscommunication, shock, intra -
family abuse, rejection, step, abandonment, lack of economic resources, academic difficulties, absolute
poverty and indifference), to feel that they are ones at home, teens have the impression of not being heard or
taken into account.

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They fall into an error when trying to resolve conflicts through drugs, believing that will only eat once the
substance,but in reality it creates a habitor addiction,this causes family problems increase.
SocialInfluences
They also use drugs when there are problems around. For example: Not being accepted by friends or a
condition for joining a certain group is ingesting drugs, be like them, imitating them, make them believe that
"trips" are the best, or worse, fall into social influence. Addicts can make any comments you want about the
person who is not willing to enter into drugs, teens should be aware of them and maintain their position to say
NO.
Youth, who do not want to consume the substance, care, should be aware of the friendships that manifest
insistence, because his obsession can be so large that will be looking for the right time to induce, for example,
can dissolve the drug in her drink or food.
Curiosity
Sometimes young people with an unhealthy curiosity to observe, that some teens their age mimic the act of
taste and feel the use of any drug. In addition some drugs such as inhalants, are easily accessible to them, are
authorized and sold at low cost in any supply,leading to consumer benefit.
By accepting the body calm and relaxation effect of the drug, it causes consumption required again, but with
the same dose as insufficient, which increases the amount increasing to feel the same effects, giving way to
the addiction.
Emotional problems
When problems arise in the lives of some adolescents (scolding, beatings, mistrust, misunderstanding,
economic conflicts in the family, addicted or divorced parents, school learning difficulties, etc..) Reflect a large
emotional depression, which can be full of hatred, anger and shame at the behavior of parents, friends or
acquaintances. These young people look for ways that do not seriously affect their emotional state and use a
way out of them with the help of an addition.

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CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGSBYOMS:
Group 1 (Opiates): opium and natural derivatives, semisynthetic and synthetic (morphine, heroin,
methadone).
Group 2 (Psicodepresores):barbiturates,benzodiazepines and the like.
Group 3: ethanol.
Group 4 (Psychostimulants older):cocaine,amphetamines and derivatives.
Group 5: hallucinogens (LSD, mescaline,psilocybin,etc.).
Group 6: cannabis derivatives (marijuana,hashish).
Group 7 (Volatile):gasoline,glue,ether, nitrous oxide,etc.
Group 8 (Psychostimulants under):snuff, caffeine,cola, cocoa.
Group 9: drug design and synthesis.
How toidentifya drug addict?
Noticeable drop in school performance or dropout.
Withdrawal from the company ofothers.
Loss of interest in favorite activities such as sports and hobbies.
Joining a new group of age peers.
Increasing conflicts and quarrels within the family.
Excessive hostility towards others.
Red eyes.
Presence of necessary tools to drug use, suspected onset of eye drop bottles of tablets, syrups and
medicine containers.
Lack of motivation inability to fulfill responsibilities.
Distraction,excessive laughter.

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Antisocial activities such as lying,stealing,skipping school,etc.
CONSEQUENCES FORDRUG USE
Drug use, legal and illegal, is a public health problem very important. The risks and harm associated with
substance use vary for each.
It is also necessary to consider personal variables such as degree of user knowledge or experience,
motivation,and specific properties of each drug and the influence of the elements adulterants.
What makes a harmful addiction is an addiction is that it turns against oneself and others. At first you get some
gratification apparent,as with a habit.
TREATMENT

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The drug treatment is an arduous task that is not always crowned with success. The reality is the large number
of drug addicts who relapse and return to the same degree of initial intoxication shortly after completing
treatmentfor addiction.
In the treatment of drug addiction, there are two distinct levels: the medical treatment of positive results in most
cases and psychological treatment, the latter more complex because it involves overcoming, by the addict, the
motivations,both individual and social,which have led to drug and substance abuse.
An indispensable element prior to therapy will be the explicit will of the abuser to leave the drug altogether.
Therapeutic treatment cannot succeed if there is no desire to change fully aware of life without necessarily
involving the acceptance by the patient's social circumstances thatpropelled him to drugs.
The first phase of treatment will consist in controlling the addiction risks of "withdrawal" which, in the case of
hard drugs especially heroin, can be really dangerous. This phase has to be under the care and direction of
specialists,as well as adequate medical facilities.
In the second phase, usually requires a psychological treatment (psychotherapy), since patients tend to have
some personality disorders and difficulties in their ability to interact without the drug. To facilitate interpersonal
contact and social dynamics are commonly used group therapy.
The third phase, simultaneous with previous attempts to, integrates the individual in social life. This aim
transcends most of the time, strictly therapeutic possibilities, as it depends on economic and social factors, so
other agencies should be involved. The absence of this requirement is often the factor that causes the failure in
mostcases.
CLINICAL CASES
CLINICAL CASE N ° 1

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This is a 30 year old man who came to the Municipal Drug Program in June 1997, an indication of a close
friend who was previously treated in our department. He had three previous income in drug-free program in the
first two just expelled the fall in consumption and in the third leaves, having requested a resource in a closed
regime.There were also attended evangelical schools,staying shortperiods of time.
TOXICOLOGICALHISTORY
It begins in the alcohol and cannabis at age 15, at 17 years start using cocaine sporadically since the age of 24
regularly smoked heroin.
PERSONAL HISTORY
He is the youngest of a family of seven children (three boys and four girls). Parent dies, the father committed
suicide when the patient was 18 months and the mother died when he was six. The sixth sister died in an
accidentbefore the birth of the patient.He has a brother addict.
A mother's death the family was divided, passing to live with another brother by the sister and going to another
city, until he reaches age 14, when he returned home again for the third sister, that the older sister is going out
of Spain. Two years later, goes to live with his two brothers until the elder goes to the military service and the
second house, at which time the patient decides to go to the Paratrooper Brigade volunteer. At 19 he left the
Brigade and starts living with a woman 13 years his senior, separated with two children. When you go to the
doctor, the woman he lives he has taken home. Comes quite high, it takes two weeks living on the street, has
left work and traveled several resources (associations helps drug addicts, Project Hombre, ...), evangelical
centers poses a confusing order pill, control,community income ,psychological treatment,"something quick".
We observe a strong concern "to be lying in the street" and are very shocked by the scenes he had been
seeing a result of the police cordon that was occurring in places of sale of drugs at the time. Asked what he
thinks happens states that have "psychological problems". Place the beginning of these problems from the
death of his mother, "the family is broke", "I feel guilty," "I have done much harm," "are tired of me," "I do not
know where to go" . I point out that if you want to deal with these problems can stay, think about it and given
an appointment the next day to discuss his decision. Go plant that has been talking to his friend, who has
asked for help to "Do not let him alone" and "not to take drugs to control it." He also contacted his partner,
which has allowed returning to home and the family doctor who has been asked to pass a drug withdrawal.
Your friend has again advised to stay in psychological treatment. During the first five months of leaving the
consumption of toxic substances. The withdrawal is part of joining a group led by this guy, where drug use and
other actions (violent behavior, attachment to material things, wars ...) are considered "attacks Igmun" a kind of
"evil force" to which they must organize to fight because this leader has received certain signals (visions,
experiences ...) and wait for the moment to extend its "mission", an ideal of goodness guided by the divine

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power. Hold meetings of fraternization and his speech is pluralized, including us, "that we have high "," when
we feel weak, "" those who have been there "... Temporary relapse integrates consumption as "proof",
"temptations"; "Igmun attacks" have the same totalizing explanation that includes others and realize the misery
and human misery on the basis of this effect action by the forces of evil.
Similarly, continues to attend interviews, where I try to point to its uniqueness and begins to unfold its own
story, their doubts and difficulties. He reports that the death of his mother was a family break and from there
walked "from one place to another," "living many changes" and strong feelings of being "a lump", "a nuisance".
Also, is developing a series of content and questions on several issues.
DRUG
"A relief from feelings of loneliness, nostalgia and
memories."
"If I could talk about this, I forget the drug."
"The drug is not the problem."
"I was always very quiet."
"I hate arguments."
"The silent kill."
"Drugs = the bride."
Why am I so angry?
COUPLE "That woman."
"I got into a family."
"He gave me everything: house, children, and
work."
"I cannot name or my girlfriend or my partner or
my wife."
"I cannot leave, I dare not."
"It decides the drug."
Is my partner?
FATHER
"I said goodbye and jumped off the balcony."
"My sister always said I was like him a fool, a
coward."
"That really hurt me I can not accept that he was a
coward, was my father gave me life, gave me the
name of his two brothers."
Is it genetic,I was crazy?
FAMILY
"When my mother died I won a father (brother), I
expected to take."
"My brother (addict) has always been with me, I
feel guilty, I've stopped lying, and I have left."
Why not adopt me?
CASE ANALYSIS
You can see three distinct moments that seem especially significant to understanding the case and to see the
line of intervention. The first refers to the mode of presentation could be defined as "being pulled". The patient
does not know where to go, he has traveled many places without getting in any (a posteriori one can see that

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this has been a constant in his life, from family to family, changing places, with nowhere to go). Bring
toxicological problems, social, employment, of family, of couple, psychological. I think the effect of this
announcementintroduces a certain order and allows you to start the therapeutic process.
The second stage is marked by its relationship with the friend, which in part allows you to include a kind of
"brotherhood / family" to identify with the leader's speech. It is a particularly difficult time filling it totalizing
explanations that come from another and agrees not to question, which leads me to direct intervention to their
particular; this allows the opening of its own history and organization of their own discourse.
The third time is the symptomatic improvement, which would be where is now, where it is at coordinate’s family
and begins to account for the inability to manage their feelings of hostility, fear of being aband oned and the
difficulties to create your own family. At the same time, as you will bear witness to their suffering, their health
problems are becoming intelligible, the drug loses effectiveness and the use of it is unnecessary. In this regard,
I consider exemplary how this patient takes a basic value of the launch device that allows you to put the word
game.
CLINICAL CASE N ° 2
Lucrecia went to the hospital emergency psychiatric referral from a general hospital with a diagnosis
Substance abuse:cannabis,cocaine.
It was an attractive young woman of 24 years, young-looking, single, no children, high school educated. He
introduced himself well groomed, conscious, oriented, hiperproséxica in constant motion during the interview,
said not being able to sit still in one place. His speech was coherent but taquilálico with verbiage. The course
of the racing thoughts, ideas over-valued (for example: "I'm too nice people and all I want, I want to be rock
singer and I can play any instrument I know too much music theory"). Showed affective lability with easy step
from laughter to tears, without pause. Sensoperceptivas unaltered and partial awareness of disease attributed
his symptoms to drug use.
His relatives said that in the last 15 days had experienced insomnia, irritability, physical and verbal aggression
with family,desire to roam continuously and psychomotor agitation.
JOINED WITHTHE FOLLOWING DIAGNOSTIC
 Substance abuse:cannabis,cocaine.
 Psychosis due to drugs.
RELEVANTFAMILY HISTORY
 Father homosexual.

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 Younger brother with a diagnosis ofdrug psychosis.
RELEVANTPERSONAL HISTORY
Drug use since age 18 and mescaline marijuana weekly in 2 occasions in a period of 3 months. First hospital
1 month after the abrupt withdrawal of drug, with symptoms characterized by delusions and psychomotor
agitation. Graduated with drug treatment (haloperidol VO) 4 months after he left for improvement, while drug
restarted.
Second hospitalization for manic sintomalogía 20 years, after the substance use. Lucrecia that time was 2
months pregnant, which ended by therapeutic abortion. She was treated with lithium carbonate for 2 years or
so, in which not using drugs. Treatmentand then left again went to the consumption ofmarijuana and cocaine.
HIGHLIGHTSOFTHE BIOGRAPHY
Lucrecia from a legal marriage is the third of 5 children. He lived with parents and siblings until the age of 3
years, when the parents separated when being exposed homosexual behavior from the father. The patient
knew the reason for the divorce of parents in their early teens and their development were apparently normal
until the end of it, when started cannabis induced by friends.
He established his first relationship after 20 years with a man 15 years her senior, psychopathic personality
characteristics, consumer of cannabis, cocaine and heroin. Soon he had his second seizure, pregnancy and
therapeutic abortion, and indicated. He maintained the relationship, intense and unstable, and drug use up to
24 years.
At 21 he left home Lucrecia breast and went to live with an older sister in the home of the father and his
homosexual partner. They kept a stable of several years, adopted by the patient. He said his father: "He's a
scoundrel, an irresponsible, but I love it." "I feel good living with them, my father cares a lot." He returned to live
with the mother because the sister did not tolerate homosexuality ofthe father.
She showed no interest in pursuing higher studies, and interrupted two technical careers because he wanted
to work "to earn money and independence from the family."
Unstable employment history: Worked as a "hostess" in a restaurant, a waitress in a cafe and a n ice cream
shop, but got bored easily. He had difficulty accepting the limits and behaves impulsively, with little tolerance
for demands and frustrations. His performance was erratic and irresponsible, frequent leaking unreal world that
gave him the drug.

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His emotional ties with family and friends are shallow, immature and characterized by ambivalence. A mother
describes her as "manipulative"and maintains a symbiotic relationship with it,dependence,highly contentious.
"Only you have the last word: It is" NO "when
you are offered Drug"