Presentación de Delgermaa Chuluunbaatar (FAO), en el marco del “Taller Regional de Intercambio de Experiencias de Modelos de Extensión y Servicios rurales para la Agricultura Familiar”, realizado del 10 al 12 de mayo de 2017 en Cartagena, Colombia.

1. Enabling Rural Advisory
Services
Delgermaa Chuluunbaatar
Research and Extension Unit, FAO
Cartagena, Colombia
10 May 2017

2. Global challenges: Global population growth
0
2 000 000
4 000 000
6 000 000
8 000 000
10 000 000
12 000 000
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065 2070 2075 2080 2085 2090 2095 2100
40%
50%
67%
Percentage of people living in
urban areas

3. Global challenges: Increased food demand
0
2 000 000
4 000 000
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8 000 000
10 000 000
12 000 000
1950
1965
1980
1995
2010
2025
2040
2055
2070
2085
2100
• FAO: estimates that food production must rise
about 60% by 2050 to feed a larger
population.

4. Global challenges: Limited natural resources
0
2 000 000
4 000 000
6 000 000
8 000 000
10 000 000
12 000 000
1950
1965
1980
1995
2010
2025
2040
2055
2070
2085
2100
• FAO:
Increased food demand;
food production 60%
by 2050
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
0
500000000
1E+09
1,5E+09
2E+09
2,5E+09
3E+09
Cereal Production (MMT)
Arable land (ha)

5. Global challenges: Degrading resources
0
2 000 000
4 000 000
6 000 000
8 000 000
10 000 000
12 000 000
1950
1965
1980
1995
2010
2025
2040
2055
2070
2085
2100
• FAO:
Increased food demand;
food production 60%
by 2050
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
0
500000000
1E+09
1,5E+09
2E+09
2,5E+09
3E+09
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
2013
• 1/3 of farm land are degraded
• Up to 75 % of crop genetic diversity has been lost, 22 % at risk
• Over the past decade, some 13 million ha of forests a year were
converted into other land uses
• Half of the fish stock are exploited
• The share of water available for agriculture is expected to decline
to 40% by 2050 as overall demand is projected to increase by
55%

6. Global challenges: Climate Change
0
2 000 000
4 000 000
6 000 000
8 000 000
10 000 000
12 000 000
1950
1965
1980
1995
2010
2025
2040
2055
2070
2085
2100
• FAO:
Increased food demand;
food production 60%
by 2050
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
0
500000000
1E+09
1,5E+09
2E+09
2,5E+09
3E+09
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
2013
• The rapid change in the world’s climate is inevitable
 Increasing temperature
 More extreme and frequent weather events
 Sea-level rise
 Changes in climate patterns
• Agriculture is intimately linked to climate
 Cause - contributes to 20% of GHG emission
 Effect - most vulnerable to climate change
• The impact of climate change is beyond food production:
food price, availability, livelihoods of people, instability…
• Urgent need to support agricultural producers to adjust
and adapt to the climate change and mitigate GHG
emission.

7. Addressing challenges: Rural Advisory Services
• Rural Advisory Services are instrumental:
• in supporting agricultural producers to increase their production and
improve their livelihood sustainably, and
• in building sustainable and more resilient agriculture systems.
• Access to adequate advisory services and markets must be improved.
“…different activities that provide information and services needed
and demanded by farmers and other actors to assist them in
developing their own technical, organizational, and management
skills and practices…” GFRAS 2010

8. RAS: Where do we stand – global trends?
Some realities on the ground:
• Still public driven
• Under funded
• Under staffed
• Low capacity
• Etc.
Trends & Demands
• Pluralism: new &
untraditional partners
• New services & roles
• New topics & areas practices
• New skills & capacities
• New ways to enable RAS
(policies, governance, finance, coordination, etc.)

9. RAS: Changing realities
• Diversity of farmers and their needs/demands – complex problems
• Requires joint efforts and tailor made solutions
• Diversity of actors in place
• Potential complementarity of providers and increased impact
• Focus of services – from production to improving livelihoods through market
oriented services
• Access to information – through use of ICT for exchange, learning, ….
• Changing roles (e.g. role of state in pluralism – coordination?)
• Farmers – from receiving messages to pro-actively searching for advise and
involve in joint decision making
• Changing approaches – linear, bi-lateral to participatory approach with
system perspective

10. RAS: Challenges
• Capacity of service providers to be demand-let and market oriented
• Lack of up-stream support - pre-service, in-service training, etc.
• Articulation of other actors - lack of coordination mechanism, incentives, and
regulatory framework
• Weak institutions - at national and sub-national levels
• Lack of funding - for non-traditional services such as innovation brokering
• Lack of evidence and documentation for measuring impact of RAS

11. Addressing challenges: enabling transformation
• Calls for a change: business as usual is not an option
• No simple “technological fix”
• Reorientation of enabling environment,…for promotion of sustainable agricultural
systems for food/nutrition security and reduced poverty.
 Policies and institutions
 Intelligent investment and financing opportunities
 Incentives for collective action, group approaches, and coordinated efforts/partnerships
 Improved infrastructure, access to credit, climate information, & other advisory services
Transformative change will only become possible if supported by appropriate policies,
institutional frameworks, and investment and financing mechanisms.

12. FAO: what are we doing?
• Assist member countries to reach their SDG targets through transformation of
agricultural innovation systems
• Building capacity to innovate (TAP, CDAIS projects)
• Developing diagnostic tools to assess national innovation system and help
developing national strategy for agricultural innovation (COAG 2016)
 Developing a strategy for agricultural extension and advisory system reform for
pluralistic, demand-led, and market oriented services.
 Developing e-modules, how-to guides, and other knowledge products related to the
extension reforms
 Carry out studies on extension approaches, investment, good practices, etc.
https:fao.org/researchand extension ,

13. • 4 Cases: Peru; Bolivia; National University of Agriculture in Honduras, and
CATIE in Costa Rica.
• Acknowledgments: Silvia Sarapura, Senior advisor at KIT
• Key findings:
• FFS aproach is used in all countries
• Mostly external project and programme driven
• Elements of institutionalization at local, national and regional level
• Local level: FFS groups
• National level: Universities (UNA), national policy, NGOs,
• Regional level: CATIE, CIP, regional association.
FFS Study: Overview

14. Agriculture is changing,
Rural Advisory Services Must too
Delgermaa Chuluunbaatar,
Agricultural Extension Officer,
Research and Extension Unit, FAO