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Livestock, Environment
   And Development
 An Inter-institutional Initiative
LEAD: Livestock, Environment
    and Development Initiative
• Multi-donor (FAO, World Bank, IFAD, EC,
  Switzerland, Denmark, France, Germany, UK, USA,
  Portugal, CIRAD, CATIE, ILRI. IFPRI)
• Steering Committee oversight (Donors
  and Dev. Country reps)
• FAO implementing agency
  – Preparation (1994-1998)
  – Phase 1 (2000-2003)
  – Phase 2 in preparation
What LEAD is about....
 Closing the gap (between individual and
  societal optima)
 Influencing decisions about resource use
  (location, intensity and scale)
   Understanding decision making
 Providing feed back mechanisms
   Polluter pays, provider gets
   Correcting the underlying causes often more
    efficient than correcting the symptoms
 Acknowledging multiple objectives with
  environment and poverty focus
Through partnerships
Comparative advantages:
 FAO: catalytic role, information, co-
  ordination, platform for standard setting
 donors: funding, technical expertise, policy
  dialogue
 international and national R&D institutions:
  applied research, programme
  implementation
Preparatory Phase (1994-1998)
• Background
  documents
• Summary documents
• Electronic
  conference
• Int.conference
• Presentations at
  international
  meetings and
  consultations
Main Conclusions
• Policies to curb demand are largely
  ineffective
• Most negative L&E interactions are
  caused by land pressures, institutional
  failure, policy distortions
• Livestock sector remains a most
  important - yet under-utilised - entry
  point for development
• Main bottleneck: informed decision-
  making
First Phase (2000-2003)
                Decision-support
                         Mainstreaming/
                         awareness building




Testing and developing                        Policy advice/
novel concepts                                technical assistance




                         Knowledge Base
Knowledge base
• Data on livestock-environment
  interactions at all levels
• Tools (indicators, analytical tools, toolbox
  and design tools GIS-applications)
• Studies (fossil fuel, livestock and equity)
  Case study material
Awareness building
• Workshops, meetings.
• Language platforms
  –   English
  –   French
  –   Spanish
  –   Russian (in preparation)
  –   Chinese (in preparation)
  –   Portuguese (toolbox)
The work of the Initiative targets at the protection and
enhancement of natural resources as affected by livestock
production while alleviating poverty

The Virtual Centre promotes multidisciplinary research and
development activities and increases awareness among key
stakeholders of the complex interactions of human needs,
animal production and the sustainability of global natural
resources.

  WWW.lead.virtualcenter.org
The Virtual Centre:
Transmission Belt of LEAD-Functions

 • Virtual Centre for internet-based collaborative
   research and development on livestock-
   environment issues
 • Platforms with collaborating centres (CATIE
   and CIRAD)
 • Objectives:
    – comprehensive knowledge base,
    – collaborative network
    – interactive decision-making tools
Testing and developing novel
   concepts in the “hotspots”
• Concepts cover
  policy and
  technology interface
• LEAD develops
  concept
• Provide seed money
  for scaling up (GEF)
  and for M&E and
  dissemination
Livestock in dry land
            management
• Reducing land degradation and improving
  conservation of bio-diversity through:
  – Drought preparedness in the Sahel
     • Decision making, markets and insurance
  – Livestock-Wildlife interactions in Central and
    East Africa
     • Complementarity and competition, benefit
       sharing
  – Livestock and watershed rehabilitation in 4
    states in India
     • Link between income from livestock and NRM
Pastoral systems in dry and cold areas - interaction with cropping




                       Pastoralism and sparse agriculture
                       Pastoralism and extensive agriculture
                       Hot spots
Pastoral systems in dry or cold areas




                          Pure pastoral system
                          Pastoralism and sparse agriculture
                          Hot spots
Livestock’s role in the forest-
      pasture interface
• From horizontal expansion to intensification
  to reduce pressure on the rainforest
• Technology:
  – Silvo-pastoral systems
• Policies
  – Payment for global environmental benefits
  – Land tenure, credit, markets for outputs
    (including services)
Potential Livestock related deforestation hotspots



                                          Closed forest

                                          Open and fragmented
                                          forest

                                          Other wooded land

                                         Predicted Cattle presence
                                         in Closed Forest
                                         (>2 animals per square km)

                                          Predicted Cattle presence
                                          in Closed forest
                                          (>10 animals per square km)
Land and Water pollution by
  industrial livestock production
• Search for Policies and Technologies
  to achieve an improved spatial
  distribution of intensive livestock units
• Successful piloting in China and
  Thailand;
• Now up-scaling sought through GEF
  and other development partners
PREDICTED HOTSPOTS FOR NUTRIENT OVERLOADS


                                               Legend



                                                Hotspot

                                                         Nitrogen

                                                         Phosphorus

                                                         Mineral Fert.



                                                         No overload




                                               Source : LEAD FAO
                                               Year :2002
                                               Map prepared by LEAD - FAO
1000 km
Core functions of LEAD in each
         identified “Hotspots”

    Collection and Provision of Basic Data




    Analysis and Assessment




    Design of Policy and Technology Options




    Testing, Validation and Upscaling of Options




    Provision of Decision-Support Tools




    Formulation of Guidelines and Standards




    Capacity Building and Establish Uptake Pathway


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What is the LEAD Initiative?

  • 1. Livestock, Environment And Development An Inter-institutional Initiative
  • 2. LEAD: Livestock, Environment and Development Initiative • Multi-donor (FAO, World Bank, IFAD, EC, Switzerland, Denmark, France, Germany, UK, USA, Portugal, CIRAD, CATIE, ILRI. IFPRI) • Steering Committee oversight (Donors and Dev. Country reps) • FAO implementing agency – Preparation (1994-1998) – Phase 1 (2000-2003) – Phase 2 in preparation
  • 3. What LEAD is about....  Closing the gap (between individual and societal optima)  Influencing decisions about resource use (location, intensity and scale)  Understanding decision making  Providing feed back mechanisms  Polluter pays, provider gets  Correcting the underlying causes often more efficient than correcting the symptoms  Acknowledging multiple objectives with environment and poverty focus
  • 4. Through partnerships Comparative advantages:  FAO: catalytic role, information, co- ordination, platform for standard setting  donors: funding, technical expertise, policy dialogue  international and national R&D institutions: applied research, programme implementation
  • 5. Preparatory Phase (1994-1998) • Background documents • Summary documents • Electronic conference • Int.conference • Presentations at international meetings and consultations
  • 6. Main Conclusions • Policies to curb demand are largely ineffective • Most negative L&E interactions are caused by land pressures, institutional failure, policy distortions • Livestock sector remains a most important - yet under-utilised - entry point for development • Main bottleneck: informed decision- making
  • 7. First Phase (2000-2003) Decision-support Mainstreaming/ awareness building Testing and developing Policy advice/ novel concepts technical assistance Knowledge Base
  • 8. Knowledge base • Data on livestock-environment interactions at all levels • Tools (indicators, analytical tools, toolbox and design tools GIS-applications) • Studies (fossil fuel, livestock and equity) Case study material
  • 9. Awareness building • Workshops, meetings. • Language platforms – English – French – Spanish – Russian (in preparation) – Chinese (in preparation) – Portuguese (toolbox)
  • 10. The work of the Initiative targets at the protection and enhancement of natural resources as affected by livestock production while alleviating poverty The Virtual Centre promotes multidisciplinary research and development activities and increases awareness among key stakeholders of the complex interactions of human needs, animal production and the sustainability of global natural resources. WWW.lead.virtualcenter.org
  • 11. The Virtual Centre: Transmission Belt of LEAD-Functions • Virtual Centre for internet-based collaborative research and development on livestock- environment issues • Platforms with collaborating centres (CATIE and CIRAD) • Objectives: – comprehensive knowledge base, – collaborative network – interactive decision-making tools
  • 12. Testing and developing novel concepts in the “hotspots” • Concepts cover policy and technology interface • LEAD develops concept • Provide seed money for scaling up (GEF) and for M&E and dissemination
  • 13. Livestock in dry land management • Reducing land degradation and improving conservation of bio-diversity through: – Drought preparedness in the Sahel • Decision making, markets and insurance – Livestock-Wildlife interactions in Central and East Africa • Complementarity and competition, benefit sharing – Livestock and watershed rehabilitation in 4 states in India • Link between income from livestock and NRM
  • 14. Pastoral systems in dry and cold areas - interaction with cropping Pastoralism and sparse agriculture Pastoralism and extensive agriculture Hot spots
  • 15. Pastoral systems in dry or cold areas Pure pastoral system Pastoralism and sparse agriculture Hot spots
  • 16. Livestock’s role in the forest- pasture interface • From horizontal expansion to intensification to reduce pressure on the rainforest • Technology: – Silvo-pastoral systems • Policies – Payment for global environmental benefits – Land tenure, credit, markets for outputs (including services)
  • 17. Potential Livestock related deforestation hotspots Closed forest Open and fragmented forest Other wooded land Predicted Cattle presence in Closed Forest (>2 animals per square km) Predicted Cattle presence in Closed forest (>10 animals per square km)
  • 18. Land and Water pollution by industrial livestock production • Search for Policies and Technologies to achieve an improved spatial distribution of intensive livestock units • Successful piloting in China and Thailand; • Now up-scaling sought through GEF and other development partners
  • 19. PREDICTED HOTSPOTS FOR NUTRIENT OVERLOADS Legend Hotspot Nitrogen Phosphorus Mineral Fert. No overload Source : LEAD FAO Year :2002 Map prepared by LEAD - FAO 1000 km
  • 20.
  • 21. Core functions of LEAD in each identified “Hotspots” Collection and Provision of Basic Data  Analysis and Assessment  Design of Policy and Technology Options  Testing, Validation and Upscaling of Options  Provision of Decision-Support Tools  Formulation of Guidelines and Standards  Capacity Building and Establish Uptake Pathway 