22.09.2015, Energia kestävässä aluesuunnittelussa -seminaari ja työpaja

1. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD
Asuinalueiden
energiatehokas korjaaminen
TkT Satu Paiho
22.9.2015

2. 16/09/2015 2
Number of apartment buildings by the year of
construction in Russia and in Moscow
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
20 000
0
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
1 400 000
1 600 000
Russia
Moscow
Source: Federal Service for State Statistics, 2013

3. 316/09/2015
State of the Russian housing stock
3% in critical condition
11% (290 mill. m2) in need of
urgent renovation
9% (250 mill. m2) should be
demolished and reconstructed
about 60% needs extensive
capital repair
Sources: Construction in Russia 2010, United Nations 2004, International Finance Corporation & EBRD 2012

4. 16/09/2015 4
Main contents of holistic district renovations
DISTRICT RENOVATION
Buildings
Renovating all
buildings
Retrofitting building
energy, water, and
other technical
systems
Improving ventilation
Improving insulation
District infrastructure
Renovating district
heating distribution
Renovating electricity
transmission
Renewal of street
lighting
Renovating water
and wastewater
systems
Modernizing waste
management
Distributed energy
production
Energy production
from renewable
sources
o Replacing district
heating
o Reducing
electricity demand
from the grid
Only in the most
advanced cases

5. 516/09/2015
Moscow housing stock
95 % built after World War II
52 % during 1946-1975
43 % in 1976 or later
About 40.000 residential
buildings
3,835,000 apartments
Total floor area of 214 million m2
Average floor area of an
apartment 55.8 m2
Average number of residents
per apartment 2.8

6. 616/09/2015
Selected Housing District
4-th Microrayon of
Zelenograd, Moscow
Typical residential district in
Moscow and Moscow region
Apartment buildings (II-57,
II-49, A -1-8, II-18 & Mr-60)
build between 1966 and
1972
About 13,800 residents
Total floor area 327,600 m2

7. 716/09/2015
Typical Apartment Buildings in Moscow
Most constructed 1960-1985
Mainly consists of few
standard building types
Energy efficiency typically poor
Surroundings usually poorly
maintained
Difficult to find and correctly
interpret data

8. 16/09/2015 8
Main aspects addressed
Holistic district
renovation
Energy savings in buildings
District energy demands and emissions
Investment costs
Business concepts

9. 16/09/2015 9
District analyses

10. 16/09/2015 10
Building-level concepts

11. 16/09/2015 11
Energy consumptions of the building II-18

12. 16/09/2015 12
Annual energy demands for the different district
concepts
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
Heat
Electricity
Heat
Electricity
Heat
Electricity
Heat
Electricity
Current Basic Improved Advanced
MWh/a/p.p.
MWh/a
MWh/a
MWh/a/p.p.

13. 16/09/2015 13
Analysed energy production alternatives
CHP = Combined Heat and Power

14. 1416/09/2015
Emission analyses
CO2 SO2
TOPPParticulates

15. 16/09/2015 15
Building-level costs
Basic
renovation package
Improved
renovation package
Advanced
renovation package
Heating Electricity Heating Electricity Heating Electricity
Energy
savings (%) 39 21 53 26 68 18
Total
investment
costs
(€/m2)
125 155 200

16. 16/09/2015 16
District-level costs
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Basic Improved Advanced Advanced+ Advanced++
€/inhabitant

17. 16/09/2015 17
Renovation package having the highest net present
value over 20 years’ period

18. 16/09/2015 18
Stakeholders in district renovations
Inhabitants
Homeowners’s associations
Building operation &
maintenance companies
Energy companies
City administration and
other public authorities
Banks
Construction companies
Water and wastewater
companies
Waste companies
Product manufacturers
System providers
Designers
InvestorsFunds

19. 16/09/2015 19
Motivations of different stakeholders
Satu Paiho

20. 16/09/2015 20Satu Paiho

21. 16/09/2015 21
Conclusions
Need to modernize buildings is evident
only a few building types helps
Major tecnical problems:
Poor air tightness of structures
No building-specific heat exchangers
Lots of losses, especially in heating networks
Plain building-specific analyses and renovations are not enough
Remarkable potential for (especially heating) energy and water
savings and reduction of emissions.
The municipal solid waste is collected as mixed waste and the
majority is landfilled. Both the infrastructure and the on-site sorting
cultures are missing.
More feasibly to renovate districts rather than just individual buildings

22. 16/09/2015 22
Lähteet
Paiho, S. Energy-efficient renovation of residential districts. Cases from the
Russian market. 2014. VTT, Espoo. 79 p. + app. 52 p. VTT Science 72.
http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/science/2014/S72.pdf
Tieteelliset artikkelit:
Paiho, S., Hedman, Å., Abdurafikov, R., Hoang, H., Sepponen, M., Kouhia, I. &
Meinander, M. 2013. Energy saving potentials of Moscow apartment buildings in
residential districts. Energy and Buildings 66 (2013) 706–713.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.084
Paiho, S., Hoang, H., Hedman, Å., Abdurafikov, R., Sepponen, M. & Meinander, M.
2014. Energy and emission analyses of renovation scenarios of a Moscow
residential district. Energy and Buildings 76 (2014) 402–413.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.03.014
Paiho, S., Abdurafikov, R. & Hoang, H. 2014. Cost analyses of energy-efficient
renovations of a Moscow residential district. Sustainable Cities and Society (2015),
pp. 5-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2014.07.001
Paiho, S., Abdurafikov, R., Hoang, H. & Kuusisto, J. 2014. An analysis of different
business models for energy efficient renovation of residential districts in Russian
cold regions. Sustainable Cities and Society (2015), pp. 31-42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2014.07.008
Satu Paiho

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