2. Chapter Overview
A new competitive environmentA new competitive environment
Why purchasing is importantWhy purchasing is important
Understanding the language ofUnderstanding the language of
purchasing and supply chainpurchasing and supply chain
managementmanagement
The supply chain umbrellaThe supply chain umbrella
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3. Chapter Overview
Four enablers of purchasing andFour enablers of purchasing and
supply chain managementsupply chain management
The evolution of purchasing andThe evolution of purchasing and
supply chain managementsupply chain management
Looking aheadLooking ahead
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4. A New Competitive Environment
Increasing numbers of world-classIncreasing numbers of world-class
competitorscompetitors
Sophisticated customer baseSophisticated customer base
More performance at a lower costMore performance at a lower cost
Widely available information sourcesWidely available information sources
Balance of power between buyers andBalance of power between buyers and
supplierssuppliers
Greater outsourcingGreater outsourcing
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5. Factors Driving SCM
Low cost and wide availability ofLow cost and wide availability of
information more closely links theinformation more closely links the
members of a supply chainmembers of a supply chain
Competition in domestic andCompetition in domestic and
international markets requiresinternational markets requires
quickness, agility, and flexibilityquickness, agility, and flexibility
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6. Factors Driving SCM
Customer expectations andCustomer expectations and
requirements are more demandingrequirements are more demanding
Major disruptions require the ability ofMajor disruptions require the ability of
a supply chain to react rapidlya supply chain to react rapidly
Competition between supply chains,Competition between supply chains,
not just companiesnot just companies
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7. Why Purchasing Is Important
Purchased content is a significant partPurchased content is a significant part
of the cost of goods sold (≥ 55%)of the cost of goods sold (≥ 55%)
Move from traditional, adversarialMove from traditional, adversarial
buyer-supplier relations to improvebuyer-supplier relations to improve
supply chain performancesupply chain performance
Purchased content’s impact on productPurchased content’s impact on product
and service qualityand service quality
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8. Why Purchasing Is Important
Participation in product and processParticipation in product and process
designdesign
Use of cross-functional teamsUse of cross-functional teams
Early supplier involvementEarly supplier involvement
The supply chain’s impact onThe supply chain’s impact on
competitive advantagecompetitive advantage
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9. Language of Purchasing and SCM
Are supply chains and value chains theAre supply chains and value chains the
same?same?
What is supply chain management?What is supply chain management?
What is an extended enterprise?What is an extended enterprise?
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10. Purchasing
A functional group (i.e., a formal entityA functional group (i.e., a formal entity
on the organization chart) as well as aon the organization chart) as well as a
functional activity (i.e., buying goodsfunctional activity (i.e., buying goods
and services)and services)
Aka as procurementAka as procurement
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11. Supply Management
A strategic approach to planning forA strategic approach to planning for
and acquiring the organization’sand acquiring the organization’s
current and future needs throughcurrent and future needs through
effectively managing the supply base,effectively managing the supply base,
utilizing a process orientation inutilizing a process orientation in
conjunction with cross-functionalconjunction with cross-functional
teams to achieve the organizationalteams to achieve the organizational
missionmission
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12. Supply Management
The identification, acquisition, access,The identification, acquisition, access,
positioning, and management ofpositioning, and management of
resources and related capabilities anresources and related capabilities an
organization needs or potentially needsorganization needs or potentially needs
in the attainment of its strategicin the attainment of its strategic
objectivesobjectives
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14. Supply Chains and Value Chains
Supply chain orientation – a higherSupply chain orientation – a higher
level recognition of the strategic valuelevel recognition of the strategic value
of managing operational activities andof managing operational activities and
flows within and across a supply chainflows within and across a supply chain
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15. Supply Chains and Value Chains
Value chain – primary and secondaryValue chain – primary and secondary
support activities that can lead tosupport activities that can lead to
competitive advantagecompetitive advantage
Supply chain – a set of 3 or moreSupply chain – a set of 3 or more
organizations linked directly by 1 ororganizations linked directly by 1 or
more of the upstream or downstreammore of the upstream or downstream
flows of products, services, finances,flows of products, services, finances,
and information from a source to aand information from a source to a
customer (subset of a value chain)customer (subset of a value chain)
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16. The Extended Value Chain
Support Activities
• Firm infrastructure
• Human resource management
• Technology development
• Purchasing
Inbound
Logistics
Operations
Outbound
Logistics
Marketing
& Sales
Customer
Service
Total Supply Chain / Total Logistics Management
SuppliersSuppliers
CustomersCustomers
Materials / Supply
Management
Physical Distribution / Channel Management
Primary Activities
Materials/ServicesMaterials/Services Information/Funds/KnowledgeInformation/Funds/Knowledge
17. Supply Chain vs. Value Chain
Supply chain management – endorsesSupply chain management – endorses
a supply chain orientation and involvesa supply chain orientation and involves
proactive management of the 2-wayproactive management of the 2-way
movement and coordination of goods ,movement and coordination of goods ,
services, information, and funds fromservices, information, and funds from
raw material through end userraw material through end user
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18. Cereal Value Chain Example
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Farmer Processor Packaging Distributor
Grocer
Consumer
Corrugated
Box Mfr
Lumber
Company
Label
Mfr
GrainGrain CerealCereal
PackagedPackaged
CerealCereal
LabelsLabels
MaterialMaterial
InformationInformation
WoodWood
PaperboardPaperboard
19. Critical SCM Processes
New product developmentNew product development
Customer-order fulfillmentCustomer-order fulfillment
Supplier evaluation and selectionSupplier evaluation and selection
Demand and supply planningDemand and supply planning
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20. The Supply Chain Umbrella
PurchasingPurchasing
Inbound transportationInbound transportation
Quality controlQuality control
Demand and supply planningDemand and supply planning
Receiving, materials handling, andReceiving, materials handling, and
storagestorage
Material or inventory controlMaterial or inventory control
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21. The Supply Chain Umbrella
Order processingOrder processing
Production planning, scheduling, andProduction planning, scheduling, and
controlcontrol
Warehousing/distributionWarehousing/distribution
ShippingShipping
Outbound transportationOutbound transportation
Customer serviceCustomer service
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24. Proper Organizational Design
Assessing and selecting the structureAssessing and selecting the structure
and formal system of communicationand formal system of communication
Division of laborDivision of labor
CoordinationCoordination
ControlControl
AuthorityAuthority
ResponsibilityResponsibility
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25. Real-Time and Shared IT Capabilities
Supply chain planningSupply chain planning
Forecast accuracyForecast accuracy
Optimized production schedulingOptimized production scheduling
Reduced working capital costsReduced working capital costs
Shortened life cyclesShortened life cycles
Reduced transportation costsReduced transportation costs
Improved customer serviceImproved customer service
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27. Emerging SCM Technologies
Global positioning systemsGlobal positioning systems
Internet-based systemsInternet-based systems
Bar codesBar codes
Radio frequency identification devicesRadio frequency identification devices
Wireless devicesWireless devices
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28. Roadblocks to Measurement Systems
Too many metricsToo many metrics
Debate over the correct metricsDebate over the correct metrics
Constantly changing metricsConstantly changing metrics
Old dataOld data
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29. Why Is Measurement Important?
Supports fact-based decision makingSupports fact-based decision making
Communicates requirements throughCommunicates requirements through
the supply chainthe supply chain
Improves future supplier performanceImproves future supplier performance
Recognizes outstanding performanceRecognizes outstanding performance
Links critical measures to desiredLinks critical measures to desired
outcomesoutcomes
Determines if initiatives are workingDetermines if initiatives are working
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30. Evolution of Purchasing and SCM
The early years: 1850 – 1900The early years: 1850 – 1900
Growth of purchasing fundamentals:Growth of purchasing fundamentals:
1900 – 19391900 – 1939
The war years: 1940 – 1946The war years: 1940 – 1946
The quiet years: 1947 – mid-1960sThe quiet years: 1947 – mid-1960s
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31. Evolution of Purchasing and SCM
Materials management comes of age:Materials management comes of age:
mid-1960s – Late 1970smid-1960s – Late 1970s
The global era: Late 1970s – 1999The global era: Late 1970s – 1999
Integrated supply chain management:Integrated supply chain management:
beyond 2000beyond 2000
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