This document provides tools and guidance to help the nonprofit organization Chintan develop an advocacy strategy and measure the impact of its advocacy work. It begins with a summary of case studies on waste management challenges and best practices. It then outlines an advocacy plan involving political pressure, strategic relationships, and social media. A strategic advocacy framework is presented, including developing a theory of change and monitoring and evaluation plan. Finally, it discusses approaches to measuring social impact through quantitative and qualitative methods like surveys, interviews and focus groups. Recommendations include creating a theory of change and focusing on partnerships and organizational learning.

1. Leading the Charge for
Waste Sustainbility:
Tools for Change
Prepared by the University of Maryland Consulting Team

2. Agenda
 Introduction of the Project Team and Story of Deliverables
 Lessons learned from Case Study Compilation
 Developing an Adocacy Plan
 Strategic Advocacy Framework and Application
 Introduction to Social Impact Evaluation
 Q&A and Mini-Workshop

3. Bankers Without Borders Consultants,
University of Maryland
Yan Qu
• Master’s of Public Policy
• Specialization of
international development
and a passion for nonprofit
management
• Abundance of media working
experience (CCTV America,
Economic Daily)
• Background in China with
international perspective
Stephen Rabent
• Master’s of Public Policy
• Focus of study on
environmental and energy
issues and public sector
finance
• Experience working in
municipal government,
specifically on waste
reduction initiatives
• Program Assistant for a
State Energy Grant Program

4. Bankers Without Borders Consultants,
University of Maryland
Faisal Hassan
• Master’s of Public Policy
• Focus of international
development with
interests of nonprofit
management, poverty
alleviation, and program
development
• Working experience in
administrating professional
exchange programs for
Washington, DC based NGO
Shannon Kennedy
• Master’s of Public Policy
• Focus on the
intersection of
international
development challenges
and environmental and
energy issues
• Experience working in
federal government on
environmental advocacy
and outreach

5. Our Task
 Provide consulting services to Chintan to aid in:
 Development of an Advocacy Strategy
 Tools for monitoring and evaluation of advocacy work
 Introduction to measuring the impact of advocacy activities
 What Chintan will leave with:
 A Case Study Compilation
 An Advocacy Plan for expanding sustainable, decentralized waste management
 A Strategic Advocacy Framework
 An introduction to social impact measurement
 Templates to get you started!

6. Section One: Case Study Compilation
 Case studies on waste management in four municipalities
 The State of Sikkim and its capital, Gangtok
 Chandigarh
 Pune
 Bangalore
 Why are these important?
 The cases serve to put advocacy into context and reinforce
Chintan’s existing goals
 Highlighting existing challenges in current processes of waste
management
 Provide best practices and examples of sustainable models of
decentralized waste management systems

7. Common Challenges Across Cases
 Landfills over their capacity
leading to unsanitary conditions.
 Engrained behavior, even with
separation tools to segregate
waste.
 The powerful industrial lobby
(incineration, waste to energy)
 Centralized process of waste
management
 Capacity issues at municipalities
 E-Waste, how much?

8. Campaigns and Interventions

9. Best Sustainable Models
● Zero waste initiatives involving informal sector (waste pickers, NGO
facilitators)
● Waste to Wealth campaigns
● Fines for not segregating waste to change behavior
● Expanding E-waste collection and recyling initiatives

10. Lessons to Bring Forward
● The successful interventions at waste management have been
due to decentralization.
● Capacity at MCs is not enough to handle all waste management
● There exists political will in cities for sustainable models of
waste management in the face of enormous challenges.
 An example: Chandigarh Master Plan 2031
● Clean India Mission has brought awareness. Rankings have
brought pride and shame depending on where a city ranks.

11. Section Two: Advocacy Plan for Expanding
Decentralized Waste Management Models
Decentralized
Waste Policy
Political
Pressure
Strategic
Relationships
Social Media

12. Applying Political Pressure
 Chintan can learn from other organizations and their campaigns
 Action Items that can be implemented in a campaign for zero waste
 Presenting data on zero waste initiatives to important stakeholders
 Identify items on India’s political agenda that Chintan and partnering
organizations can amplify and help achieve

13. Building Strategic Relationship
Model of Relationship Building Process
Push the
Government
Support the
Government
Act as a
Resource for
the
Government
• Develop a
Network Map
• Build Public
Momentum
• Provide
Information
and Expertise

14. Network Mapping the New Delhi Municipal
Council
Chairman
Financial
Advisor
Chief
Advisor
Secretary
OSD to the
Chairman

15. Expanding Your Social Media Efforts
 Clarify the Social Media goals
 eg. Increase the public awareness of Zero-waste model
 Strategic use of social media targeting at different audience
 Blog articles- Academic Audience
 Instagram- Younger generation
 Enhancing interactivity between different platforms
 Push other platforms and integrate resources
 Hootsuite: an efficient social media management tool

16. Section Three: Strategic Advocacy Framework
 Creating a “Theory of Change”
 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Framework
 Goals
 Interim Outcomes
 Activities
 Review and Organizational Learning

17. Creating a Theory of Change
Chintan’s
Core
Mission
Programs
Activities
Interim
Outcomes
Goals
Advocacy
Campaigns

18. 1. Goal Creation
Expected Results
Which indicators
will be used to
measure success?
What is the
current status of
the indicator?
How far do you
want the
indicator to
move?
How will indicator
data be collected
and who is
responsible?
Goal: Solid Waste
Management Policy
that supports
decentralized,
sustainable waste
practices
• Expansion of zero-
waste processing
sites throughout
New Delhi.
• Government policy
that supports
decentralized
waste
management.
There is currently
political support for
waste-to-energy
expansion. No formal
advocacy efforts have
been undertaken.
Policy passed by the
New Delhi
government that
rejects waste-to-
energy facilities and
supports
decentralized waste
management.
Policy tracking of the
issue by the Advocacy
Staff.

19. 2. Develop Interim Outcomes
Expected Results
Which indicators
will be used to
measure success?
What is the
current status of
the indicator?
How far do you
want the
indicator to
move?
How will
indicator data be
collected and
who is
responsible?
Interim Outcome:
Build Public
Support for Local,
Decentralized
Waste
Management
• Increased social
media activity.
• Increased earned
media.
• Increased number
of residential
households using
decentralized
waste systems.
Unknown. Baseline
information not yet
collected.
• 10% increase in
comments and
shares
• 3 additional,
issue specific
media mentions
per month
• 10% increase in
residential
households
served
The Advocacy Staff
and interns will
track media activity
and work with
organizations to
monitor baseline
decentralized waste
activity.

20. 3. Aligning Activities
What must be
done to
achieve
interim
outcomes
What interim
outcome will
success on the
activity
contribute to?
Which indicators
will monitor
progress?
Where is the
output now?
How far do you
want to move
the output?
How will data
be collected
and who is
responsible?
Activity: Public
Information
Campaign
Build Public
Support for Local,
Decentralized
Waste
Management
• Number of
social media
posts per week
on the issue.
• Number of
houses face-to-
face contact
and information
distributed at.
• Number of
Earned Media
mentions of
decentralized
waste
management
Unknown.
Baseline
information not
yet collected.
• 5 social media
posts per
week, using
various
mediums, on
the issue.
• 30% of
households
contacted
given
information.
• 3 earned
media
mentions per
month.
The Advocacy
Staff, with the
help of interns,
will monitor and
track the public
information
campaign.

21. M&E within a Theory of Change

22. Review and Organizational Learning
Advocacy
Efforts
Information and
Data
Evaluation
and
Review

23. Part Four: Social Impact Measurement
 Overview of Social Impact Measurement
 Mechanics of Social Impact Measurement
 Identify Key Impact Categories
 Data methodology
 Select measurement technique
 Resources for Jump-starting Your Efforts

24. What is Social Impact?
Why Should We Do It?
Can We Do It?
• Actual change happening in social system
• Culture impact, Health impact, Life style impact etc.
• Track your achievements, make adjustments and improve goal achievement
• Functions importantly in Strategic Advocacy Framework
• Resources and technical constraints make comprehensive impact
evaluation difficult
• Lack of baseline data
• Use simple data collection methods focusing on stakeholders of programs
• May function externally or internally

25. Mechanics: Identify Key Impact Category
Stakeholders Domains of Impact Impact Variables
Community Resident
Culture impact
(Increased public awareness
about electronic waste )
• Increased knowledge of
E-waste harm on the
environment and
individuals.
Behavior change
(Change of residents’
consumption habits)
• Increased donations of
electronic for reuse.
• Increased consumption of
electronic products with
less toxic components.
E-waste Pickers
Behavior change
(E-Waste handled safely by
wastepickers)
• Increased knowledge of
E-waste segregation

26. Mechanics: Data collection methodology
Methodology Definition Methods
Quantitative
Methodology
Research methods that
involve numerical calculation
and statistical comparison
Longitudinal Survey
Qualitative
Methodology
Understand, report and
evaluate the meaning of
events for people in
particular situations
(attitudes, perspectives,
experience)
Key Informant Interviews
Focus Group Discussion

27. Mechanics: Choose Measurement
Technique
Longitudinal Survey Key Informant Interview Focus Group
• Tracks the
development and
changes over long
periods of time
• One baseline survey
and several follow-up
surveys
• In-depth interviews to
gain first-hand
knowledge
• Acquire and
understand
motivations,
perspectives or
behaviors of program
stakeholders
• Group discussion
among people sharing
similar background to
discuss a specific
topic
• Reveals stakeholders’
opinions and needs,
identify problems of
program

28. Seek Technical Partners to Jump-start
Your Efforts
Chintan
Research Institutes Universities
Consulting Company Others

29. Recommendations and Action Items
Plan your Advocacy Work Within the Larger Organizational Context
Action Item: Chintan should create a theory of change diagram that models how its
various activities, interim outcomes, goals, and mission interact.
Focus on Building Partnerships with Other Actors
Become a “Learning Organization”
Action Item: Schedule time during monthly meetings for formal discussion of
the Strategic Advocacy Framework and commit to one quarterly meeting on the
topic.
Action Items: Create a Network Map when beginning an advocacy campaign,
monitor interactions with partner organizations, and engage in more discussion
internally to build your cohesion as an organization and facilitate learning.

30. Thank you for your time!
Question and Answer Section
Optional Mini-Workshop
Creating a Strategic Advocacy Framework for your program

31. Addendum Slides

32. 1. Longitudinal Survey
Survey questions What is the E-Waste drive impact on public
awareness of electronic waste?
1. Select impact variables Knowledge about E-Waste harm on personal health and
environment
2. Develop questionnaires A questionnaire targeted at households about E-Waste
harm
3. Select Survey Sample A large enough random sample from households in
major communities
4. Conduct baseline survey Face-to-face or telephone survey at the beginning of
the program
5. Analyze data Make charts or graphs of survey result based on data
category
6. Conduct follow-up surveys At interval of six months or one year
7. Compare the results Identify the trend of change

33. 2. Key Informant Interviews
Survey questions What is the positive impact of project Armaan toward
children and what is its limitations
1. Prepare a short interview guide
and question list
Covering major topics: positive impact on children,
family; project sustainability
Adopting open-ended questions
2. Select key informants Representatives of children, parents and teachers
3. Conduct interviews Conducting in-depth interviews by probing more
information on learning quality, materials, economic
support etc.
4. Data Analysis Using descriptive code or storage system to sort
information, use charts to present result

34. 3. Focus group discussion
Survey Questions How does the zero-waste practice influence on waste
pickers’ livelihood
1. Select team A team with a facilitator and recorder
( volunteers, program staff or university students)
2. Select participants Selection 7-11 of waste pickers
3. Develop a discussion guide and
discussion questions
Covering major topics including: waste pickers’ dignity,
income, safety, efficiency
Use open-ended questions
4. Conduct Discussion Probing, controlling, recording and eliminating pressure
5. Data Analysis Highlight relevant parts in transcripts, write a summary
statement for each question