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zmq.rs
A brief history of concurrency in Rust
https://github.com/zeromq/zmq.rs
http://zeromq.org/
rust-zmq
https://github.com/erickt/rust-zmq
libgreen
Optional runtime on top of libuv in Rust. There’s also libnative.
green thread
or
micro thread
or
coroutine
for example
while True:
future = socket.recv(1024)
data = yield from future
print(data)
future = socket.send(data)
status = yield from future
native thread
• OS-managed
• preemptive
• thousands
• low latency
green thread
• user-managed
• cooperative
• hundreds of thousands
• depends
M:N in Rust
4 green threads,
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22621514
in 2 OS threads
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22621514
multi-core, async,
memory-safe
Task in Rust
Task A Task BChannel
Obj
using Tasks
Example: listen TCP
Overview of zmq.rs
Socket
Acceptor 1
Acceptor 2
Connector
1
Connector
2
Connector
3
Stream 1
Stream 2
Stream 3
Later …
1:1 became default
M:N remained optional
Issues with the unity
of 1:1 and M:N
• Cost is huge, to keep a unified interface
• Lost a lot of possibilities and flexibility
• libgreen is not green
libgreen is not green
libgreen -> green-rs
https://github.com/alexcrichton/green-rs
Task -> Thread
concurrency -> …
doomed!
doomed?
concurrency ->
• 1:1
• mio
• generator
• green-rs
• …more
https://github.com/carll
erche/mio
mio in example
next steps in zmq.rs
• Rewrite with MIO
• Follow the design of libzmq in C++
• A few worker threads, each with an event loop
• Sockets mapped to workers manually
zmq.rs
A brief history of concurrency in Rust
https://github.com/zeromq/zmq.rs
Thank you!
http://about.me/fantix
rust.cc 中文社区 QQ 群:144605258

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zmq.rs - A brief history of concurrency in Rust

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. ZMQ 是一个 C++ 实现的高性能网络框架 * 跨平台、跨语言 * 多种传输方式 * 多种消息模式
  2. C++ 库的 Rust 封装。但是有一个问题:不支持 libgreen
  3. green,如绿色软件等,一般指轻量级的东西。libgreen 曾经是 Rust 内置的一个默认库,
  4. libgreen 用来实现绿色线程,也叫微线程或协程。
  5. 比如说,这就是一段 Python 里的协程代码。这里的 yield from 会暂停当前协程,主动的交出执行权,让别的协程先执行,直到:1、future 有结果了;2、别的协程也恰好交出了执行权。
  6. 对比来看微线程与操作系统线程的区别。 操作系统线程:甲:我来我来。乙:我来我来。OS:都闭嘴,我说谁来就谁来。 微线程:甲:我做完了,你来吧。乙:我也搞定,你来你来。甲:……我数据还没到,还是你来吧。
  7. Rust 曾经的线程模型(libgreen)是 M:N 的,也就是 M 个微线程跑在 N 个操作系统线程上。
  8. 用图形化的方式来看 M:N 模型。
  9. 用图形化的方式来看 M:N 模型。
  10. 这样的设计让 Rust 有很好的潜力来做并发:内存安全、异步高并发、多核伸缩。
  11. Rust 中曾经有过的 Task 就是(微)线程的封装。Task 之间不共享内存,通信依赖于 Channel 或 ARC 等工具。
  12. 作为曾经的 Gevent 重度用户,我自然地选择使用了 M:N 的模型来设计 zmq.rs
  13. 在一个单独的 Task 里,TcpAcceptor 持续不断地接受新的连接请求,将新的 TCPStream 通过 Channel 发送回总管全部的 ZmqSocket 对象。
  14. 每一项单独的 I/O 任务都是由一个独立的 Task 完成的,所以这样的设计下,zmq.rs 的高并发需要很多个 Task。
  15. 没过多久,1:1 模型成为了 Rust 的默认运行时,也就是说默认没有微线程了,一个 Task 就是一个 OS Thread。但是,M:N 模型仍然被保留了下来,作为一个可选的运行时,共享同一个接口。
  16. 目前 libgreen 的实现导致本应为轻量级的微线程并不轻,同时启动数十万并发的代价可能会很昂贵。
  17. Rust 社区决定,将 libgreen 移除,作为一个社区项目保留。
  18. 同时,Task 被更名为它仅有的意思,Thread
  19. 在 rust-lang.org 的主页,concurrency 的字样也不复存在了
  20. zmq.rs 原来的设计也彻底没用了,需要重写。
  21. 怎么重写?
  22. Rust 将应用程序的并发性交给了生态系统,自身则继续关注于成为一门系统级编程语言。 1:1 的多线程模型将能胜任大多数的并发情景,配合上 Rust 天生的内存安全机制,仍然非常优秀; 致力于异步高并发的社区项目 mio 将能提供一个不错的异步事件循环,为并发开发打下基础; 大家也都在讨论怎样才能做出真正轻量级的微线程; 老的 libgreen 仍然在; 还有更多社区项目蠢蠢欲动。
  23. MIO 定位于之前 libgreen 中的 libuv,为应用程序提供一个高性能的异步主事件循环。
  24. 计时的例子。