2. • In India -635 Tribes (8.2%)
• Tribal women – most vulnerable group
• Gender based violence, domestic violence high
among Tribals, girl child
• Tribal more vulnerable to violence
• Dropout and illiteracy rates high.
• Early marriage, trafficking, forced prostitution,
exploitation high
• Women face violence- killing, torture, rape,
inhuman treatment
• By law enforcement personnel, opposition
groups, non-tribal group
3. NCRB :
• Reported 627 cases of rape in 2007
• Tribal children-victims of killings, sexual
violence, arbitrary arrest, illegal detention by
security forces.
4. ECONOMIC SCENARIO OF TRIBAL
SOCIETY
• Poverty levels of ST’S persistent
• Deprived of formal education
• Little occurs to capital
• Casual employment, agricultural labour,
plantation labour, industrial labour
• Poverty gap between ST’S and others widened
• More than half the tribals below poverty line
• Little change in poverty of tribals
5. ENVIRONMENT:
• Forest conservation laws not supporting
tribals
• Unnatural intruders in their when land.
• Tribal’s rights violated in the name of
development
6. HEALTH CARE FACILITIES:
• Mortality, mobility, malnutrition rates high.
• Remote villages-indifference of medical
personnel, limited manpower
• Lack of awareness of medical facilities
• Medical facilities hardly used by them
• Women nearing delivery date to travel 50 to
60 K.M to the hospital
7. TRIBAL DISPLACEMENT:
• 85.39 lakh tribals displaced since 1990 for
mega projects
• Illiteracy, malnourishment- 50 to 60 percent
• Consumption of food grains fallen by 10 to 15
percent
• Not much improvement in food and nutrition
8. VIOLATION OF FOREST LAWS:
• Corporate companies violating forest laws
destroying community rights
• Government decided to stop bauxite mining in
Niyamgiri hills, Aruku
9. LAND ALIENATION:
• Degradation of tribal life, alienation of tribal land ,
indebtedness, alcoholism are the problems
• Acquisition of land for public purpose affecting tribals
• Extremist violence in tribal districts impedes their
development
• Mining activities for raw materials
• Industrial units causing pollution- weather, water, air,
soil
• Besides reservation of ST’S
• To improve quality of life
• Create employment oppurtunities
10. • FEMALE SEX RATIO:
• ST’S sex ratio
• More towards females
• (972 per 2000 males), 2001 census
• FEMALE LITERACY RATE AMONG TRIBALS:
• It is far lower (34.76) as compared to overall
female literacy for the country (53.67%), 2001
census
• DEVELOPMENT POLICIES:
• Present policy is to bring tribals into mainstream.
11. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS:
• There are 20 articles and two schedules in
constitution concerning welfare of tribals
• Articles 15(4),16(4),46,243m,243 2c,
244,334,335,338A,339(1),in fifth and sixth
schedules
12. LEGAL PROVISIONS:
• Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
• The SC’S, ST’S (prevention of atrocities) Act, 1989
• The provisions of the panchayats (extension to
schedule areas) Act 1996
• The shceduled tribes and other traditional forest
dwellers (Regulation of forest Rights) Act, 2006
• Inspite of constitutional provisions and laws,
injustice, exploitation of ST’S persist.
13. STRATEGIES FOR EMPOWERMENT:
• Formal education for socio-economic
development
• To encourage girl education
• To create awareness about rights and duties
• To discriminate legal provisions
• Rights awareness programmes
• Access to public health services
• To create awareness about constitutional
provisions
14. • To provide self employment oppurtunities
• To raise literacy levels of tribal women
• To raise literacy levels of tribal women
• To raise voices for rights to involve them in
decision – making process
• Civil society organisation can play crucial role
• Promoting civil society networks
• Adopting bottom – up approach for
strengthening their capacity
• Media can play powerful role to educate
tribals and the society
15. • To form pressure groups from the tribals.
• Radical social work intervention
• Social work intervention
