Design Description of Effluent treatment Plant, Preliminary Treatment System, Primary Treatment System, Secondary Treatment System, Tertiary Treatment System

1. Effluent Treatment Plant
(ETP)
Presentation by:
Farman Ahmad
ETP Engineer
Nilar Pulp & Paper
No. 59, U Shwe Bin Street, Industrial(1), Dagon Seikkan Township, Yangon, Myanmar.
Tel: (95-1) 593 766,28,30,43 Fax: (95-1) 592 275
Email: farmankhan241@gmail.com
+91 9058658402

2. What is an ETP
 ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) is a process design for treating the
industrial waste water for its reuse or safe disposal to the
environment.
 ETP helps to make ecofriendly environment.

3. Influent:
 Influent is water that "flows in“ to ETP. This is the raw, untreated
industrial waste water.
Effluent:
 Effluent means to "flow out“ from ETP. This is the treated industrial
wastewater.
 Effluent is defined by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency as "wastewater - treated or untreated - that flows out of a
treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall.
Sludge:
 Solid part separated from waste water by ETP
 Thick, soft, wet mud or a similar viscous mixture of liquid and solid
components, especially the product of an industrial or domestic waste
water treatment plant.

4. To meet the Standards for emission
or discharge of environmental
pollutants from Industries set by
the Government and avoid hefty
penalties
Why Need ETP?

5. Hazards of wastewater?
 Wastewater is a big health issue, as it carries and transports a myriad of
diseases and illnesses. It is believed that about 2.2 million people die each
year (globally) from diarrhoeal disease.
 One child die on every 20 seconds due to water related disease (WHO,
2008).
 All ecosystems are connected and they all ultimately depend on water.
 This means careless wastewater discharge can have some serious ripple
effect. If one part of the ecosystem chain is destroyed, it can upset its entire
food chain. and whole nature become destroy.

6. Effect of BOD on Dissolve oxygen in River

7. Composition of ETP
 ETP Comprise four level of treatment and having four types of treatment.
Level of Treatment Description Type of treatment
Preliminary treatment Removal of large solid as rags, sticks, grits
and grease etc. that may damaged
equipment of ETP
Physical
Primary treatment Removal of floatable and settledable
material such as suspended solid.
Physical and chemical
Secondary treatment Biodegradable organic material Biological
Tertiary Treatment Removal of residual suspended solid,
Dissolve solid and disinfection.
Chemical,
Physiochemical
Solid Waste
management
Safe Disposal of solid waste Physical, Biological

8. Preliminary Treatment
 Purpose: Removal of floating and settleable materials such as suspended
solids, organic matter and other inorganic solid.
 Preliminary treatment may be various type like as
1. Screening 2. Grit Chamber 3. Skimming Tank 4. Equalization
 Screening : This works like a watchman and cares the operation of
ETP.
 Equalization : Flow rate, temperature, and contaminant concentrations
varies widely. equalization helps in homogenization of all type of pollutants
and equalized wastewater goes to downstream of ETP.
 Equalization needs 2 to 4 hour HRT and Air or mechanical mixing of waste
water is must here to prevent deposition of solid and septicity.

9. Primary Treatment
 Primary treatment reduces the suspended solids and the B.O.D. of the
wastewater.
 From the primary treatment tanks water is pumped to the secondary
treatment system.
 Secondary treatment will further reduce the suspended solids and B.O.D. of
the wastewater.
 Primary treatment may be different type such as-
1. Primary Clarifier
2. Primary sedimentation
3. DAF
4. Lamella Clarifier

10. Primary Clarifier
Wastewater flow is slowed down and suspended solids settle to
the bottom by gravity the material that settles is called sludge or
biosolids
Clear Supernant water is carry over to launder that go to
Secondary treatment system for further treatment.
Primary clarifier design in respect of Surface Loading Rate (SLR)
and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)
Standard SLR for primary clarifier is 6.0 – 9.0 m3/m2/day for
paper industry effluent and varied to effluent quality.
Standard HRT for Primary clarifier is 4 -6 Hour for Paper industry
effluent and varied to effluent quality.

11. Primary Clarifier

12. Dissolve Air Flotation (DAF)
 Solid particles in liquid suspension become attached to microscopic air bubbles.
 Waste flow or a portion of clarified effluent is pressurized to 3.4 – 4.8 atm in the presence
of sufficient air to approach saturation.
 When pressurized air-liquid mixture is released to atmospheric pressure, minute air
bubbles are released from the solution.
 Agglomerate rise to the surface to join other particles and form a blanket that can be
removed mechanically.
 Sludge flocs, suspended solids, oil globules are floated by the air bubbles.
 Air-solids mixture  skimmed off from the surface
 Inorganic or heavy material  collect from bottom that called rejected sludge.
 Clarified liquid  removed from the middle
 A portion of the effluent  recycled back to the pressure chamber.

13. Dissolve Air Flotation (DAF)

14. Secondary Treatment System
 Secondary treatment system reduces COD, BOD, TSS, Turbidity etc.
 Secondary treatment system is two type different type-
 Aerobic treatment system
Aerobic treatment process take place in the presence of oxygen by
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes microorganism, and produces CO2,
Hydrogen, Energy and reproduction itself by microorganism.
 Anaerobic treatment system
Anaerobic treatment process take place in the absence of oxygen by
the methanogen microorganism and produces Methan gas as end
product.

15. Aerobic Treatment system
 Aerobic Treatment system may be different type
1. Activated Sludge process system
2. Extended Aeration system
3. Conventional aeration system
4. Sequence batch reactor
5. MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor)
6. MBR (Membrane Bio Reactor)
7. Trickling filter
8. Oxidation ditch
9. Many more

16. Activated Sludge Process System

17. Activated sludge Process System
 Basic Equation is that-

19. Aeration Tank

20. Aerobic treatment system
 Pollution reduction efficiency
BOD : 70- 95% COD : 60 – 90% TSS : 30 – 60%
 This type of treatment is applicable upto 3000 mg/l COD
concentration.
 We can discharge aerobically treated effluent directly if
Environmental norm does not violate.
 To remove colour and dissolve solid from the effluent
tertiary treatment system is required for further treatment.

21. Anaerobic Treatment System
 Anaerobic Treatment System may by different kind
1. UASB Reactor (Upflow anaerobic sludge Blanket
Reactor)
2. CSTR Reactor (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor)
3. ECSB Reactor (External Circulation Sludge Bio
Reactor)
4. IC Reactor (Internal Circulation Reactor)
5. ULRD (Low Retention Digester)
6. Many More

22. Anaerobic Treatment System

23. Anaerobic Treatment System
 Anaerobic treatment system works over high organic COD and
BOD concentration.
 Anaerobic treatment produces Methan gas that can be used in
Boiler by result save fuel.
 Its reduces the carbon emission and Green house effect.
 Its reduces the 70 - 85% BOD and 60-75% COD.
 Anaerobically treated effluent goes to aerobic treatment for
further treatment. We can not discharge anaerobically treated
water directly.

25. Tertiary Treatment System
 Final or advanced treatment consists of removing the organic load left
after secondary treatment for removal of nutrients from sewage and
particularly to kill the pathogenic bacteria and raise the effluent quality
before it is discharged to the receiving environment such as sea, river, lake,
ground, etc., or to raise the treated water quality to such a level to make it
suitable for intended reuse.
 Advanced treatment system is of different type –
1. Nutrient Removal 5. Membrane Process
2. Disinfection 6. Filtration
3. Nitrification & DE nitrification 7. Carbon adsorption
4. Ion Exchange 8. Chemical Precipitation

26. Solid waste Management
Sources
 Primary sludge usually have strong odors
 Secondary sludge have high concentration of
microorganism
 Goals of treatments are:
 Reduce odors
 Remove water reduce volume
 Decompose organic matter.
 Untreated sludge are about 97 percent water
 Settling can reduce about 92 to 96 percent of water.

27. Solid waste Managment
 Solid waste management is of different kind.-
1. Digestion
Anaerobic treatment
2. Incineration
3. Wet Oxidation
4. Dewatering
5. Composting
6. Drying
7. Many More

28. Solid waste Management
 Solid waste classified into two categories-
1. Hazardous waste
2. Non Hazardous waste
 If solid waste comes under hazardous waste categories then waste
will be disposed off as per hazardous waste disposal regulation.
 While non hazardous waste can be disposed off by scientific way.

29. Basic Diagram of ETP

30. Laboratory analysis
 To run smooth ETP following parameter is must to test-
Test
pH TS HRT SSV30
TSS Total Alkalinity SOR Oxygen uptake
rateTDS Flow rate RAS
COD MLSS WAS Moisture in
SludgeBOD MLVSS VFA
Temp SVI Alkalinity Organic load
VSS SDI Biomass
generation
TVS Fm ratio Chloride Hardness
DO SRT RCl2 Structure of
Micro-organism

31. Questions

32. Thank
You