FOLK NARRATIVES

2. PHILIPPINEPHILIPPINE
FOLKFOLK
NARRATIVESNARRATIVES

3. FOLK
NARRATIVES
These are stories handed down
from the remote past by words of
mouth from one generation to
another, reflecting the people’s
tradition, feelings, beliefs, and
judgments.

4. MYTHS
These are stories that explain
about the actions of the gods,
heroes’ exploits or the
elements of nature’s origins.

5. MYTHS
 traditional or legendary stories, usually
concerning some being or hero or event,
with or without a determinable basis of fact
or a natural explanation, especially one
that is concerned with deities or demigods
and explains some practice, rite, or
phenomenon of nature.

6. PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY
The stories of ancient Philippine
mythology include deities, creation
stories, mythical creatures, and
beliefs. Ancient Philippine mythology
varies among the many indigenous
tribes of the Philippines.

7. PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY
 Some groups during the pre-Spanish
conquest era believed in a single Supreme
Being who created the world and
everything in it, while others chose to
worship a multitude of tree and forest
deities (diwatas). Diwatas came from the
Sanskrit word devata which means "deity",
one of the several significant Hindu
influences in the Pre- Hispanic religion of
the ancient Filipinos.

8. PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY
 Because the country has many islands and
is inhabited by different ethnic groups,
Philippine Mythology and superstitions are
very diverse. However, certain similarities
exist among these groups, such as the
belief in Heaven (Kaluwalhatian or
Kalangitan), Hell (Impiyerno), and human
soul (kaluluwa).

9. PHILIPPINE GODS AND
GODDESSES
Philippine Mythology

10.  AGUI - god of fire; brother of Agwe
 AGWE - god of waters
 AMAN SINAYA - god of the sea, fishing, and
seafaring
 AMANIKABLE - god of the hunt, the protector
of huntsmen
 AMIHAN - the bird who stirred up the waters
and the heavens
 ANITUN TABU - goddess of the wind and the
rain
 APOLAKI - god of the sun, lord of war, son of
Bathala, patron of warriors
 ASPENE - the shell goddess

11.  BAGOBO - god of war
 BATHALA - king of the gods, ruler of the
heavens, creator of humanity
 BAYOA - god of pacts
 DAL’LANG - goddess of beauty
 DAYEA - goddess of secrets
 DELTISE - god of mambabarangs
 DETINOS - god of evil; enemy of Bathala
 DIAN MASALANTA - goddess of love,
pregnancy, childbirth, became known as "Maria
Makiling"
 DIHAS - goddess of medicinal herbs

12.  HABAGAT - god of winds
 HALMISTA - god of Magic
 HANAN - god of the morning
 HAYO - god of the sea
 HUKLOBAN - goddess of death
 IDEANALE - goddess of agriculture and
animal husbandry
 KALING - god of thunder
 KAPALARAN - Although he is not a God,
he is still considered as a high power. He
has the power to change destiny at his will.

13.  KIDUL - god of earthquakes
 KILUBANSA - god of healing
 LAKAMBUWI - god of gluttony, food,
and eating
 LAKAPATI - deity of fertility and
cultivated fields
 LALAHON - goddess of volcanoes
 LINGA - god of disease, although unlike
Manggagaway, he cures them
 MAGUAYEN - ferryboat god, ferries
souls to hell
 MALYARI - god of strength and bravery

14.  MANGARAGAN - goddess of war
 MANGGAGAWAY - goddess of disease,
poses as a healer and inflicts terror by
inducing maladies instead; one of Sitans
helper
 MANISALAT - god of broken families
 MAYARI - one-eyed, beautiful goddess
and ruler of the moon, daughter of Bathala
 OGHEP - god of mountains
 PAMAHRES - god of knowledge
 PASIPO - god of music

15.  PUGHE - the king of the Dwendes of the North
 PUNHO - god of trees
 SIDAPA - god of death
 SIGINAGURAN - god of hell
 SIRENHA - goddess of fishes
 SITAN - god of the afterlife, guardian of the
realm of the spirits
 SODOP - goddess of gold
 SOMILGE - goddess of magic, queen of
witchery
 TALA - goddess of the stars; daughter of Bathala

16. FOLKTALES
These are about the origins of the
world. They are not factual but are
told for entertainment. The characters
in folktales are ordinary humans or
animals that act like humans. Often,
the humans are peasant or people of
the lower class who have better values
than the rich and powerful.

17.  Why the Sky is High (Tagalog)
 How the First Head Was Taken (Igorot)
 The Man with the Coconuts (Tinguian)
 The Boy Who Became a Stone
(Tinguian)
 Dogedog (Tinguian)

18. FABLES
These are stories that have
animal characters. They intend
to teach lessons or moral,
which is usually stated at the
end of the fable.

19. LEGENDS
These are widely told stories
about the past. They are
considered factual by those who
tell them, and many have some
basis in historical fact. Legends
often include elements of magic
and supernatural.

20.  The Legend of Rice (Ang Alamat ng Palay)
 The Legend and the Short History of Pila,
Laguna
 The Legend of Liliw, Laguna (Ang Alamat ng
Liliw)
 The Legend of Gapan in Nueva Ecija (Alamat ng
Gapan, Nueva Ecija)
 Ang Alamat ng Ilog Pasig (The Legend of Pasig
River)
 Ang Alamat ng Lawa ng Sampalok (The Legend
of Sampalok Lake)
 Ang Alamat ng Malate (The Legend of Malate)

22. Elements of Story
Setting
Characters
Plot
Theme
Point of View
Conflict

23. Setting

24. Characters
(Antagonists/Protagonists)

25. Plot

26. Parts of the plot
Plot
 exposition
 complication
 climax
 resolution
 denouement

27. Theme

28. Point of view
It is a device used by the
writer in presenting his
idea.

29.  First Person. The story is told from the
view of “I.” The narrator is either the
protagonist (main character) and directly
affected by unfolding events, or the
narrator is a secondary character telling
the story revolving around the
protagonist.
Choose a Point of View

30.  Second Person. The story is told directly
to “you”, with the reader as a participant
in the action.
“You laughed loudly at the antics of the
clown. You clapped your hands with
joy.”
Choose a Point of View

31.  Third Person. The story tells what “he”,
“she,” or “it” does. The third-person
narrator’s perspective can be limited
(telling the story from one character’s
viewpoint) or omniscient (where the
narrator knows everything about all of
the characters).
Choose a Point of View

32. Conflict

33. Types of Conflict
Man vs. Man
Man vs. Society
Man vs. Himself
Man vs. Nature
Man vs. Fate (God)

34. Man vs. Man
 One character in a story has a problem
with one or more of the other
characters.

35.  A characters has a conflict or problem
with some element of society- the
school, the law, the accepted way of
doing things and so on.
Man vs. Society

36. Man vs. Himself
A character has trouble deciding
what to do in a particular situation.

37. Man vs. Nature
 A character has a problem with some
natural happening a snowstrom, an
avalanche, the bitter cold, or any other
elements common to nature.

38. Man vs. Fate (God)
 A character has to battle what seems
to be an uncontrollable problem.
Whenever the problem seems to be a
strange or unbelievable coincidence,
fate can be considered as the cause of
the conflict.