2. Introduction
Child and child Rights
History
The Declaration of the Rights of the Child: Ten principles
Types of Child Rights
NCPCR, Special Rights
Child labour
Child labour laws in India
Child labour acts
Basic reasons for child labour
Consequences of child labour
Solutions of Child Labour
New Amendments
Conclusion
3. Introduction
Universally child rights are defined by United Nations
Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC). According to the UNCRC Child Rights are
minimum entitlements and freedoms that should be
afforded to all persons below the age of 18 regardless of
race, colour, gender, language, religion, opinions,
origins, wealth, birth status or ability and therefore
apply to all people everywhere.
4. ‘Child’ And ‘Child Rights’
According to UNCRC - a child is any human being
below the age of eighteen years.
Child rights are specialized human rights that apply to
all human beings below the age of 18.
5. History
UNICEF- was established in 1946 to safeguard the
interest of the children.
Universal declaration of Human Rights – 1948, and in
1966 recognized that children need protection
On 20 November 1959 the United Nations General
Assembly adopted its own Declaration of the Rights of
the Child, adding ten principles.
This date has been adopted as the Universal Children's
Day. (Nov. 20)
In 1989, the Convention on the Rights of the Child was
adopted by UN General Assembly.
6. The Declaration of the Rights of the
Child: Ten principles
1. The right to equality, without distinction on account of race, religion
or national origin.
2. The right to special protection for the child’s physical, mental and
social development.
3. The right to a name and a nationality.
4. The right to adequate nutrition, housing and medical services.
5. The right to special education and treatment when a child is
physically or mentally handicapped.
6. The right to understanding and love by parents and society.
7. The right to recreational activities and free education.
8. The right to be among the first to receive relief in all circumstances.
9. The right to protection against all forms of neglect, cruelty and
exploitation.
10. The right to be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance,
friendship among peoples, and universal brotherhood.
8. NCPCR-Special Rights
march2007
1. RIGHT TO LIFE
2. RIGHT TO HIS OR HER OWN NAME AND IDENTITY
3. RIGHT TO EDUCATION
4. RIGHT TO FREEDOM
5. RIGHT TO FREEDOM FROM DISCRIMINATION
6. RIGHT TO BE PROTECTED FROM ABUSE AND
EXPLOITATION
7. RIGHT TO BE HEARD AND PARTICIPATE FREELY
8. RIGHT TO LEISURE AND FREE TIME
9. RIGHT TO FAMILY LIFE
10. Child labour
Child labour is the practice where children engage in economic
activity, on part or full-time basis.
International Labour Organization (ILO) defined child labour
as work that deprives children of their childhood. It refers to
work that is mentally and physically harmful to children.
International Labour Organization (ILO) states that children
or adolescents who participate in work that does not affect
their health and personal development or interfere with their
schooling, is not child labour.
11. Child labour laws in India
The Constitution of India in the Fundamental Rights
and the Directive Principles of State Policy prohibits
child labour below the age of 14 years in any factory or
mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment
(Article 24).
The constitution also envisioned that India shall, by
1960, provide infrastructure and resources for free and
compulsory education to all children of the age six to
14 years. (Article 21-A and Article 45)
12. Child labour acts
The Factories Act of 1948: The Act prohibits the employment of
children below the age of 14 years in any factory. The law also placed
rules on who, when and how long can pre-adults aged 15– 18 years be
employed in any factory.
The Mines Act of 1952: The Act prohibits the employment of children
below 18 years of age in a mine.
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986: The Act
prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in
hazardous occupations identified in a list by the law. The list was
expanded in 2006, 2008 and again in 2016.
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) of Children Act of 2000: This
law made it a crime, punishable with a prison term, for anyone to
procure or employ a child in any hazardous employment or in bondage.
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009:
The law mandates free and compulsory education to all .
13. Basic reasons for childlabour
Poverty
Lack of social security
Illiteracy
Ignorance
Lack of school facilities
Social status of family
Family Problems
Unemployment
14. Consequences of Child Labour
Cannot go to School
• Cannot read or write
• No qualification to get paying job
Child in Slavery
• Can be tricked by employers into signing documents
• Cheap wages
Health Suffers
• Injuries at work
• Abuses at work
• Stops working
15. Solutions
Education
Reduce Poverty
Family control
Strict implementation of Child Rights
Provide Direct help to Children individually
Support (NGO) organizations that are raising
awareness
16. New Amendments
‘ Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and
Regulation) Amendment Act 2016
It prohibits employment of children below 14 years of
age in all occupation
Allows adolescent (14 to 18)to work in non-hazardous
occupation
Child can help family and family enterprise only after
school hours or during vacation.
