good for basic design student

1. ENGINEERING DRAWING
(Hand writing (Lettering &
Numbering) )

2. LETTERING & NUMBERING
• The writing of alphabets and numerals such as A, B, C,
D…………………….Z and 1, 2, 3……………9, 0 respectively is
called Lettering.
• Technical lettering is the process of forming letters, numerals, and
other characters in technical drawing. It is used to describe, or provide
detailed specifications for, an object.

3. • The essential features of lettering on technical drawings are legibility
and uniformity.
• In order to meet these requirements, the characters are to be clearly
distinguishable from each other in order to avoid any confusion
between them.
• The reproductions require the distance between two adjacent lines or
the space between letters to be at least equal to twice the line
thickness.
LETTERING & NUMBERING

4. Guidelines
• Extremely light horizontal guidelines are necessary to regulate the height of
letters. In addition, light vertical guidelines are needed to keep the letters
uniformly vertical.
• Make guidelines light, so that they can be erased after the lettering has been
completed.
• Use a relatively hard pencil such as a 4H to 6H, with a long, sharp, conical
point

5. Spacing of Letters
• Uniformity in spacing of letters is a matter of equalizing spaces by the
eyes. The background area between letters, not the distance between
them, should be approximately equal.
• Words are spaced well apart, but letters within words should be spaced
closely. Make each word a compact unit well separated from the
adjacent words.
• For either upper case or lower-case lettering, make the spaces between
words approximately equal. Avoid spacing letters too far apart and
words too close together.

8. LINES
• A line can be defined as a straight set of points that
extends in opposite directions.
• a line is a collection of infinite points.
• In addition, a line extends endlessly in both directions.
• It is a one-dimensional figure with no end, both to
the left and to the right.

9. Line cont…
• it does not have any
endpoint. The two arrows
at each end signify that
the line extends endlessly
and is unending in both
directions.
• The length of a line
cannot be measured.

10. Line conti…
•All geometric shapes, such as angles,
line segments, polygons, etc., are made
up of lines.
•With the help of lines, points and angles,
you can determine figures and shapes.

11. LINE SEGMENT
•A line segment is part of a line which has a
defined endpoints.
•It has a beginning and an end.

12. Differences between line and line segment

13. TYPES OF LINES
Horizontal line
Vertical line
Parallel line
Perpendicular line
Curved or zigzag line
Intersecting line

14. Other Types Of Lines

15. State whether the following
is true or false.
1.A line is a set of points in a straight path that extends in
opposite directions without ending.
2.A line has a fixed length.
3.Horizontal lines are parallel to y-axis.
4.A line segment has only one end point.

16. Boarder Lines And Title Block
• Technical drawings have border lines on all four sides and a
title block, containing the information necessary to identify
the drawing properly.

17. Boarder line

18. Tittle block