1. MODAL VERBS

2. It’s likely that he’s home already.
I’m glad that I had the possibility to come.
It’s possible that’ll rain tomorrow.
Daddy, you’d better pick me up at 7.
Do you can swim?
You must to do it.
She doesn’t must finish it.

3. PROBLEMS:
-choosing when and which one to use
-questions/negatives involving modal verbs
-some ELL’s try to conjugate modal verbs
-sometimes ELL’s imitate other verbs’s
pattern
-overstress the modal verbs when they
should be pronounced weakly

4. WHAT’S A MODAL VERB?
It’s an auxiliary verb (or helping
verb), so we can’t use it on its own.
Sometimes it’s called modal-auxiliary.

5. CATEGORIES OF MODAL VERBS
I – PURE:
can, could, may, might, must, shall, should
, will, would.
Characteristics:
-not conjugated
-are followed by the bare infinitive
-negatives with not
-inverted with the subject in a
question
-no past form

6. II – SEMI-MODAL VERBS
...and their characteristics
*OUGHT TO: not frequently used in neg/int
(for those, people use SHOULD)
*HAD BETTER: similar to pure modal, but
consisting of two words
*HAVE TO/HAVE GOT TO: modal
meaning, but not form. They use do/did for
neg/int. (BR-> Yes, I have // AM -> Yes, I
do.)

7. *BE ABLE TO: modal meaning, but not
form
Pure Modal Verbs are generally used to
refer to the present/future
----
Semi Modal Verbs can be used in the full
range of tense forms.

8. ORGANIZING BY MODAL
VS.
ORGANIZING BY MEANING

9. ORGANIZING BY MEANING
REQUEST
Can you tell me the time, please?
Could you pass me the pepper?
Would you give me a hand?
May you come with me?
Might I bring some beer?

10. ORGANIZING BY MEANING
PERMISSION
Can I dance with ya?
Could you give me the pleasure of a dance?
Would you mind if I open the window?
May I open the door?

11. ORGANIZING BY MEANING
OFFER
Can I give you a hand?
Could I bring you some beer?
Would you like another glass?
May I help you?

12. ORGANIZING BY MEANING
NECESSITY / OBLIGATION
I must be at home by 5.
You have to get a visa to go to the UK.

13. ORGANIZING BY MEANING
POSSIBILITY / PREDICTION
Palmeiras may/might/could win everything
this year.
Palmeiras should win everything this year.
Palmeiras must win everything this year.
Palmeiras will win everything this year.

14. ORGANIZING BY MEANING
ADVICE / SUGGESTION
You should have some soup before you
leave, it’s cold outside.
Ok, you’d better be home early.
(father talking to daughter)

15. ORGANIZING BY MEANING
EXPECTATION
There were loads of (cans of) beer in the
fridge when the party started. So there
should be some more left.

16. ORGANIZING BY MEANING
CONCLUSION / LOGICAL DEDUCTION
Palmeiras must be one of the best teams
ever.
(telephone rings)
“It has to be her!”

17. COMMON ELL MISTAKES
Frank should give us a break with these
quizes.
Palmeiras will win everything.
She can’t ride a horse.
Can you ride a horse?
Yesterday I was able to ride a horse for the
first time.

18. COMMON ELL MISTAKES
Frank should to give us a break with these
quizes.
Palmeiras will wins everything.
She doesn’t can ride a horse.
Do you can ride a horse?
Yesterday I could ride a horse for the first
time.

19. IMPORTANT CURIOSITIES
I – REPORTED SPEECH
can -> could
may -> might
must -> had to
II- NEEDN’T, DARE, SHALL
III – MODAL VERBS WITHOUT MODAL
MEANING
Should it happen, we are prepared for it.

20. LESSON PLAN
I – An inconvenient truth
II – Discussion about global warming
III - Jobs
Transportation
Communication
Clothes