This document contains exercises from a pedagogical grammar class. It defines and provides examples of various verb tenses and parts of speech. It also includes exercises for students to practice identifying grammatical structures and correcting common errors made by English language learners. Key topics covered include the forms and uses of different verb tenses, parts of speech, sentence structures, and errors related to tense usage.

1. TDC 1
Pedagogical Grammar
Class 17

2. Exercise 1
a. simple present: verb or verbs
b. present progressive: am/is/are verbing
c. present perfect: has/have verbed
d. present perfect progressive: has/have been verbing
e. simple past: verbed
f. past progressive: was/were verbing
g. past perfect: had verbed
h. past perfect progressive: had been verbing
i. simple future: will verb or am/is/are going to verb
j. future progressive: will be verbing or am/is/are going to be verbing
k. future perfect: will have verbed
l. future perfect progressive: will have been verbing

3. Exercise 2
a. simple present X present perfect
SP – a fact that is true now, a recurring event, state or
condition, a planned future action (with a future time word)
PP – an action that happened at an unspecified time in the
past, a recent action that is important to the current situation
or conversation, an action that began in the past but
continues in the present, repetition of an action before now

4. Exercise 2
b. simple past X past perfect
SP – a completed action, an activity that took place regularly
in the past, a completed condition
PP – a past action that occurred before another past
event, action or time

5. Exercise 2
c. tenses to express future time
Simple Future (will or am/is/are going to)
Future Progressive (will be –ing)
Future Perfect (will have –ed)
Future Perfect Progressive (will have been –ing)
Present Simple (planned future with a future time word)
Present Progressive (an action with a future time word)

6. Exercise 2
d. simple future X future perfect
FS – a prediction about a future event, a decision at the time
of speaking (not planned in advance), an agreement to do
something
FP – a future action that will occur before another particular
future action or time

7. Exercise 2
e. “to be”
It is the most frequently used verb, and it allows students and
teachers to practice a lot of new vocabulary.
f. “to be”: 8 forms
be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been

8. Exercise 2
g. order of present tenses
simple present – present progressive – present perfect –
present perfect progressive
OR (according to some L2 researchers)
present progressive – simple present – present perfect –
present perfect progressive

9. Exercise 2
h. present participles
most verbs: + ing
most verbs ending in e: - e + ing
verbs ending in cvc: + last c + ing
* no doubling of consonants take place if the stressed syllable in not the
last one.

10. Exercise 2
i. typical errors :
nouns – omission of plural –s, unnecessary plural –s, wrong
noun ending, plural for non-count nouns, no article with
count nouns, the with abstract nouns, no capitalizing proper
nouns
conjunctions – lack of conjunction, lack of
punctuation, double conjunction, fragment
prepositions – confusion of at/on/in, lack of preposition, extra
preposition, wrong preposition

11. Exercise 3
Every day I am work here.
Every day I work here. (ELLs sometimes use the verb to be when
writing/saying statements in the present because they have learned the
present forms of the verb well.)
A: Is it the phone ringing?
B: Yes, I am going to answer it.
B: Yes, I will answer it. ( Ells are usually first taught that ‘will’ is used
to express future time. However, when they learn ´be going to’, they tend
to overuse it, even in times when it is not possible.)

12. Exercise 3
I am having a car.
I have a car. (Ells tend to overuse the present progressive when they
learn it, even in cases when it is not correct, such as this, in which the verb
‘to have’ means ‘to possess’, not an action verb. )
Before I moved to New York, I would have a car.
Before I moved to New Your, I used to have a car. ( Ells have a
hard time to understand that ‘would’ to express a repeated past action
can be used only with action verbs. )

13. Exercise 3
I live here since 1995.
I have lived here since 1995. ( Because Portuguese and some other
languages do not require that the present perfect be used when one is
talking about actions that started in the past and continue in the
present, ELLs tend to use the Present Simple to do it. )
Before you will arrive, I will finish my homework.
Before you arrive, I will finish my homework. ( ELLs have some
difficulty understanding that future tenses are not used in adverbial time
clauses that talk about the future. )

14. Exercise 4
noun: Communication abstract noun: knowledge
adjective: natural transitive verb: includes
adverb: mainly intransitive verb: work
verb: is linking verb: is
preposition: of base form of a verb: be
conjunction: but past form of a verb: NG
noun phrase: grammar of our past participle form of a verb:
mother tongue neglected
verb phrase: study grammar present participle form of a verb:
prepositional phrase: of using
grammar
adjectival phrase: an invisible
adverbial phrase: in a clearer
and more effective manner
concrete noun: language

15. Exercise 5
a. Simple:
Communication is the heart and soul of the human experience.
b. Compound:
Not Given
c. Complex:
It is a natural phenomenon that we start speaking what everybody speaks
around us.
d. Compound-Complex:
We don't study grammar of our own mother tongue to use it for daily
speaking, but when we need to polish our own mother tongue, we have
to study its grammar and we usually do that.

16. Exercise 6
(a) [I put my teacup there,]
SVOA
(b) “*Grand Auntie’s present is in the laundry room+.”
SVA
(c) [I see it.]....
SVO
(d) [It is the altar]
SVC
(e) “Oh, *we call this the Kitchen God+.
SVOC
(f) [he is not too important],
SVC
(g)[He is not Santa Claus.]
SVC
(h)[And he does not give you gifts],
SVIO

17. Exercise 6
(i) [you have to show him respect]
SVIO
(j)[You are hoping]
SV
(k) [This family has been good],
SVC
(12)[Please give them good luck]
VIO

18. Homework
• Study for the test
• Read Grammar Key 4: Verb Tenses -
Future(pages 138 -151)