ServSafe Manager

2. The Flow of Food: Service
Objectives:
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to identify the following:
 Guidelines for holding cold food and hot food
 When and how food can be held without temperature control
 How to prevent contamination when serving food and in self-serve areas
 How to prevent contamination and time-temperature abuse when serving
food off-site or through vending machines
7-2

3. Guidelines for Holding Food
Policies:
 Create policies about how long the operation
will hold food and when it will be thrown out
Food covers and sneeze guards:
 Cover food and install sneeze guards to protect
food from contaminants
 Covers protect food from contamination and
help maintain food temperatures
7-3

4. Guidelines for Holding Food
Temperature:
 Hold TCS food at the correct temperature:
o Hot food: 135˚F (57˚C) or higher
o Cold food: 41˚F (5˚C) or lower
Thermometer:
 Use a thermometer to check a food’s internal
temperature:
o NEVER use the temperature gauge on a
holding unit to check the food’s temperature.
7-4

5. Guidelines for Holding Food
Time:
 Make sure staff are monitoring holding
temperatures regularly.
 Check temperatures at least every four hours:
o Throw out food not at 41˚F (5˚C) or lower or
135˚F (57˚C) or higher.
o Optional: Check temperatures every two hours
to leave time for corrective action.
7-5

6. Guidelines for Holding Food
Reheating food:
 NEVER use hot-holding equipment to reheat
food unless it’s built to do so.
 Reheat food correctly, and then move it into a
holding unit.
7-6

7. Holding Food without Temperature Control
Cold ready-to-eat TCS food can be held
without temperature control for up to six
hours if:
 It was held at 41ºF (5ºC) or lower before
removing it from refrigeration
 It does not exceed 70ºF (21ºC) during service
o Throw out food that exceeds this temperature
 It has a label specifying:
o Time it was removed from refrigeration
o Time it must be thrown out
 It is sold, served, or thrown out within six hours
7-7

8. Holding Food without Temperature Control
Alternatives for holding cold ready-to-eat TCS food without
temperature control:
 If discarded within four hours, the food can be allowed to reach
any temperature
o The food must be held at 41°F (5°C) or lower before removing it from
temperature control
o The discard time must be four hours from the time it was removed
from temperature control
o The food must be sold, served, or thrown out within four hours
7-8

9. Holding Food without Temperature Control
Produce that becomes TCS when cut, chopped, or sliced
and hermetically sealed containers of food that become
TCS when opened:
 Can have an initial temperature of 70F (21C) or lower
o Must be discarded within four hours
o Cannot exceed 70F (21C) within the four-hour period
o Must be labeled with a discard time four hours from the time the
product became a TCS food
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10. 7-10
Holding Food without Temperature Control
Hot ready-to-eat TCS food can be held
without temperature control for up to four
hours if:
 It was held at 135ºF (57ºC) or higher before
removing it from temperature control
 It has a label specifying when the item must be
thrown out
 It is sold, served, or thrown out within four
hours

11. 7-11
Holding Food without Temperature Control
To get regulatory approval:
 Prepare written procedures.
 Get written approval in advance.
 Maintain procedures.
 Make procedures available.

12. Kitchen Staff Guidelines for Serving Food
Prevent contamination when serving food:
 Avoid bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat food:
o Wear single-use gloves.
o Use spatulas, tongs, deli sheets, or other utensils.
 Use clean and sanitized utensils for serving:
o Use separate utensils for each food.
o Clean and sanitize utensils after each task.
o If using them continuously, clean and sanitize
them at least every four hours.
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13. Kitchen Staff Guidelines for Serving Food
Prevent contamination when serving food:
 Store serving utensils correctly between uses:
o Leave them in the food with the handle
extended above the container rim.
o Place them on a clean and sanitized food-
contact surface.
o Optional: Store spoons or scoops under
running water or in a container of water at
least 135˚F (57˚C).
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14. Kitchen Staff Guidelines for Serving Food
Prevent contamination when serving food:
 Take-home containers can be refilled only when the containers are:
o Designed for reuse
o Provided to guest by the operation
o Cleaned and sanitized correctly
7-14

15. Kitchen Staff Guidelines for Serving Food
Prevent contamination when serving food:
 Take-home beverage containers can be refilled if the:
o Beverage is not a TCS food.
o Container is refilled for the same guest.
o Container can be effectively cleaned.
o Container is rinsed with fresh, hot water under pressure before refilling.
o Container is refilled by staff in the operation or by the guest using a process
that prevents contamination.
7-15

16. Service Staff Guidelines for Serving Food
Handling dishes and glassware
Correct
Incorrect
7-16

17. Service Staff Guidelines for Serving Food
If you preset tableware:
 Wrap or cover the items to prevent
contamination.
Table settings do not need to be wrapped
or covered if extra settings are either:
 Removed when guests are seated.
 If left on the table, cleaned and sanitized
after guests have left.
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18. Service Staff Guidelines for Serving Food
NEVER re-serve:
 Food returned by a guest
 Uncovered condiments
 Uneaten bread
 Plate garnishes
Generally, only unopened, prepackaged food in
good condition can be re-served:
 Condiment packets
 Wrapped crackers or breadsticks
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19. Self-Service Areas
Prevent time-temperature abuse and
contamination:
 Use sneeze guards, display cases, or
packaging.
 Use labels to identify food items.
 Hold food at the correct temperature:
o Hot food: 135˚F (57˚C) or higher
o Cold food: 41˚F (5˚C) or lower
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20. Self-Service Areas
Prevent time-temperature abuse and
contamination:
 Keep raw meat, fish, and poultry separate from
ready-to-eat food.
 Do NOT let customers refill dirty plates or use
dirty utensils at self-service areas.
 Stock displays with the correct utensils.
 NEVER use ice as an ingredient if it was used
to keep food or beverages cold.
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21. Labeling Bulk Food in Self-Service Areas
Label bulk food in self-service areas:
 Make sure the label is in plain view of the customer.
 Include the manufacturer or processor label provided with the food.
o As an alternative, provide the information using a card, sign, or other labeling
method.
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22. Labeling Bulk Food in Self-Service Areas
A label is not needed for bulk unpackaged food, such as bakery
products, if:
 The product makes no claim regarding health or nutrient content.
 No laws require the item to be labeled.
 The food is manufactured or prepared on the premises.
 The food is manufactured or prepared at another operation or processing
plant owned by the same person.
o The operation must also be regulated.
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23. Off-Site Service
When transporting food off-site:
 Use insulated, food-grade containers designed
to keep food from mixing, leaking, and spilling.
 Label food with a use-by date and time, and
reheating and service instructions.
 Clean the inside of delivery vehicles regularly.
 Check internal food temperatures.
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24. Off-Site Service
When transporting food off-site:
 Make sure the service site has the
correct utilities:
o Safe water for cooking, dishwashing,
and handwashing
o Garbage containers stored away from
food-prep, storage, and serving areas
 Store raw meat, poultry, and seafood separate
from ready-to-eat items.
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25. Vending Machines
To keep vended food safe:
 Check product shelf life daily:
o Throw away food past its expiration or use-by date.
o Throw away refrigerated food prepped on-site and
not sold in seven days.
 Keep TCS food at the correct temperature.
 Dispense TCS food in its original container.
 Wash and wrap fresh fruit with edible peels before
putting it in the machine.
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27. 8-2
Food Safety Management Systems
Objectives:
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to identify the following:
 What is a food safety management system
 What is active managerial control and how it can be applied
 What is a Hazard Analysis Critical Control point (HACCP) system

28. 8-3
Food Safety Management Systems
Food safety management system:
 Group of practices and procedures intended to prevent foodborne illness
 Actively controls risks and hazards throughout the flow of food

29. Food Safety Programs
These are the foundation of a food safety management system:
Food safety
training program
Personal hygiene
program
Quality control and
assurance program
Supplier selection and
specification program
8-4

30. Food Safety Programs
These are the foundation of a food safety management system:
Standard operating
procedures (SOPs)
Cleaning and
sanitation program
Pest control program
Facility design and
equipment maintenance
program
8-5

31. Active Managerial Control
Focuses on controlling the five most common risk factors for
foodborne illness:
1. Purchasing food from unsafe sources
2. Failing to cook food adequately
3. Holding food at incorrect temperatures
4. Using contaminated equipment
5. Practicing poor personal hygiene
8-6

32. Active Managerial Control
There are many ways to achieve active managerial control in the
operation:
 Training programs
 Manager supervision
 Standard operating procedures (SOPs)
 HACCP
8-7

33. Active Managerial Control
Steps for implementing active managerial
control:
1. Identify and document potential risks and
ways to control or eliminate them.
2. Monitor critical activities.
3. Correct improper procedures or behaviors.
4. Verify that policies, procedures, and corrective
actions are followed.
5. Ensure employees are trained and retrained
as needed.
6. Periodically assess the system to make sure it
is working.
8-8

34. Active Managerial Control
The FDA public health interventions:
 Demonstration of knowledge
 Staff health controls
 Controlling hands as a vehicle of contamination
 Time and temperature parameters for
controlling pathogens
 Consumer advisories
8-9

35. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
HACCP program:
 Identifies significant hazards at points within a product’s flow through an
operation
o Biological, chemical, and physical hazards
 Identifies how to prevent, eliminate, or reduce hazards to safe levels
 Is documented in a written plan
o The plan is specific to the facility’s menu, customers, equipment, processes,
and operations.
8-10