This document discusses tailoring model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and the Harmony/SE process for use in the automotive sector. It proposes using a simplified approach focused on modeling individual features rather than entire systems. The tailored process involves three phases: requirements analysis using use case and activity models; system functional analysis using state machines; and design synthesis moving to white-box simulation. Challenges in applying MBSE to automotive include fixed schedules, existing foundations, and feature-focused development. The approach aims to provide quick wins and be deployed with minimal training.
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Objectives of Presentation
• Why Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is important for automotive?
• What is concept-of-operations modelling + “Classic” Harmony/SE process?
• Provide an appreciation where the quick wins are
• How is automotive different from aerospace/defence?
• Lessons/experiences of adapting MBSE/SysML/Harmony for automotive
feature development
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Caveat: Represents authors own opinions
not those of any of his employers
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Building a solid foundation
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• To have success with MBSE requires:
– Language
– Tool
– People
– Process
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Yester-year…
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Tomorrow’s world / today …
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Challenges for automotive manufactures/suppliers
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http://www.redbend.com/data/upl/whitepapers/Cost%20Effective%20Upd
ating%20of%20Software%20in%20Cars%20Whitepaper.pdf
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Challenges for automotive manufactures/suppliers
• "Road vehicles – Functional safety", ISO 26262
is an international standard for functional
safety of electrical and/or electronic systems in
production automobiles defined by the
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) in 2011.
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Mastering MBSE with Rhapsody
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• Model-based systems
engineering (MBSE) is a systems
engineering methodology which
focuses on creating and
exploiting models as the primary
means of information exchange
between engineers, rather than on
document-based information
exchange
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-
based_systems_engineering
INCOSE kicked off an MBSE Initiative in January 2007. Goals
included increased productivity, by minimizing unnecessary
manual transcription of concepts when coordinating the
work of large teams.
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What is Telelogic/IBM Harmony™
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“Classic” Harmony™/SE
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A couple of key things about Classic Harmony/SE
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Concept-of-Operations …
… ‘a verbal and graphic statement…of an
organisation’s assumptions or intent in
regard to an operation or series of
operations’ (ISO/IEC/IEEE 2011, p. 4)
‘… represents a system user’s operational
view of a system under development’
(Cohen 1999, 2000)…
… it’s executable MBSE based!
Op
Op Op
Feature A
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Some of the real-life challenges
• Product schedules are fixed
• Foundations are already built
• Use cases and requirements already in use
• Features are of interest
• Time for training
• Deploying tools
• …
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How do we make MBSE and Harmony/SE fit?
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Phase 1: Requirements Analysis
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Challenges / Opportunities for use case analysis
• Focus on use case models of new “Features” rather system as a whole
• We define requirements for new “Features” from use case analysis, i.e. focus
is on requirements definition/elicitation
• Align the Requirements Analysis to build on top of existing use case practices
in business
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What are Features?
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Range Rover Velar_ Safety and Driver Assistance - Land
Rover Australia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lIn9KvAPJk
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Use of MBSE for use case analysis
• Loosen rules => More textual step-based Activity Diagrams, allow
extend/include in use case model
• Focus on customer usage (the art of the possible).
• Textual requirements (in DOORS) as formal “currency”
• Provide an alternative open-source toolkit (www.executablembse.com)
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Use Activity Model to model customer usage
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Textual vs function-based activity diagrams
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Generate textual requirements and sync into DOORS
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Derive
requirements
from use
case
steps/guards
Auto-sync
requirements
and
diagrams into
a DOORS
module
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Creating requirements from use case steps
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Benefits of simplified Act approach
• Light-weight, i.e. can be deployed with minimal training
• Can be deployed alongside existing text-based use case analysis as output
currency is the same
• Improves requirement
elicitation / stakeholder
communication
• Aligns with new DOORS
NG “external reqts”
approaches/OSLC
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Stock image
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Req’ts Analysis in action (www.executablembse.com)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZZkhvgArRk
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Phase 2: System Functional Analysis
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System Functional Analysis
• In the System Functional Analysis phase, the focus is on the
translation of the functional requirements into a coherent
description of system functions (operations)
• Each use case is translated into a model and the underlying
requirements verified and validated through model execution
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Constraining behaviour using an executable STM
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Method is Harmony/SE…
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Build Executable Model of Use Case
[Alternative 1]
[Alternative 3]
Define Use Case Model Context
( UC Internal Block Diagram )
[Alternative 2]
Define UC Functional Flow
( UC Black-Box Activity Diagram )
Derive UC Scenarios
from UC Functional Flow
( UC Black-Box Sequence Diagrams )
Derive UC Functional Flow
from UC Scenarios
( UC Black-Box Activity Diagram )
Define UC Scenarios
( UC Black-Box Sequence Diagrams )
Define Ports And Interfaces
( UC Internal Block Diagram )
Define UC State-Based Behavior
( UC Statechart Diagram )
Derive UC Scenarios
from UC Statechart Diagram
( UC Black-Box Sequence Diagram )
Verify / Validate UC Model
trough Model Execution
Define Ports and Interfaces
( UC Internal Block Diagram )
Derive UC State-Based Behavior
from UC BB-AD and BB-SD’s
( UC Statechart Diagram )
Link
UC Block Properties to Reqs
… but not as you know it
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Considerations
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I already have activity
diagrams/requirements,
can I use these to create
traced operations?
When I create
operations can I put it
straight into the state-
machine to generate the
SD test scenarios?
Will my state-machine
be too complex if I do it
for a whole feature,
rather than just a use
case?
Can people build
executable models
without deep
tool/method training?
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Functional Analysis in action (www.executablembse.com)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqMjDV6cPmY&t=545s
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Some conclusions…
• A systematic approach is possible. However, Functional Analysis requires
deeper knowledge
• Tool automation is essential
• “Wing Person” approach
• Process is a bit like unit testing. It finds duplicate, ambiguous, and missing
requirements
• Method generates strawman test cases traced to req’ts
• Automotive engineers gravitate towards a “flavour” of SysML
• Challenges arise where Features are dependent on each others
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Strategies for dealing with complexities
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Fig 1 - Using
object-orientated
inheritance to
manage
complexity
Fig 2 – Using straight-to-white
box simulation to manage
complexity
Copyright : rf123.com Andreas Mann
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Phase 3: Design Synthesis
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Design Synthesis
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Op
Op Op
Feature A
Prelim.
Feature Reqts
System Y
Comp
X
Comp
G
Comp
L
Comp
K
Op
Op Op
Feature B
Prelim.
Feature Reqts
Op
Op Op
Feature C
Prelim.
Feature Reqts
Op
Op Op
Feature D
Prelim.
Feature Reqts
State
State
ev1 ev2
Final
Feature Reqts
State
State
ev1 ev2
Final
Feature Reqts
State
State
ev1 ev2
Final
Feature Reqts
State
State
ev1 ev2
Final
Feature Reqts
System X
State
State
ev1 ev2
Comp
A
Comp
B
Comp
C
Comp
D
Comp A
Reqts
Comp B
Reqts
Comp D
Reqts
Comp C
Reqts
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Lessons learnt in moving to white-box simulation
• Architectures tend towards data-centric / broadcast architecture
• Flow-ports and more continuous-orientated simulations
• Undesirable emergent behavior becomes readily apparent
• Complexity of model is increased but complexity of state machines is reduced
• State machines become more aligned/understood by component owners
• It’s a good point to add real/simulated-HMI
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Overall Summary
• The work here is new and represents first impressions
• High-potential for executable MBSE of certain types of systems
• Pull rather than push, from engineers, for executable MBSE
• Challenges similar to requirements management concepts, e.g., abstraction
• Tailoring/limiting the language was really found to help
• Tailoring the tool was found to really help initial deployment
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Summary 2/2
• Full “integrated feature” executable MBSE at a large scale, requires high-level
orchestration
• Light-weight techniques surprisingly high value/low cost… the approach to
the “people-process” side is fundamental
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Copyright Iakov Filimonov (rf123 stockimage)
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Building a solid foundation
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• To have success with MBSE requires:
– Language
– Tool
– People
– Process
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Contact Info
• 20 years of modelling experience
(UML/SysML)
– 3 ¾ years in automotive industry using SysML
– 7 ½ years as an IBM Rational Rhapsody/ Jazz
specialist for IBM/Telelogic
– 3 ½ years as product manager for Artisan
Studio UML/SysML tool
– 4 ½ years prior to Artisan using UML
(software), Xerox, WWG/Acterna, DS&S
• Other points: PGCE (Cambridge)
• Live in Kenilworth, Warwickshire
UML4SysML
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Fraser Chadburn B.Sc (Hons)
fraser.Chadburn@mbsetraining.com
www.executablembse.comwww.mbsetraining.com
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Training
• For paid training, I deliver open-training
on Mastering MBSE with SysML and IBM
Rational Rhapsody in conjunction with
HORIBA MIRA Ltd, Warwickshire, CV10
0TU, UK
• The next course is: 5-7th December 2017
https://www.horiba-mira.com/our-
services/capabilities/model-based-
systems-engineering
UML4SysML
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www.executablembse.comwww.mbsetraining.com
• Free tutorial on “Making Executable MBSE
Simple” is tomorrow!
• I’ll take you through developing a feature
from a blank idea