This document discusses the role of agroforestry in mitigating climate change. It begins by defining climate change and its causes, then outlines some of the impacts on agriculture like reduced crop yields. It notes that deforestation and land use changes contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The document then discusses strategies for carbon sequestration, identifying agroforestry as a key approach. Various agroforestry models are presented, and a case study shows higher carbon storage in a silvopastoral system compared to natural grassland. The conclusion is that agroforestry can significantly help mitigate climate change by storing carbon while providing other benefits.

1. ROLE OF AGROFORESTRY
IN
MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE
ADVISOR:
Dr.RAJESH KUMAR SINGH
SEMINAR INCHARGE:
Dr.SAVITA DEWANGAN
SUBMITTED BY:
GANDLA MANTHESH
Id NO:20430AGF005
M.Sc. (Ag.) Agroforestry
Course Seminar
On
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
INSTITUE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

2. CONTENT
CLIMATE CHANGE :CAUSES AND IMPACT
INTRODUCTION
STRATEGIES
AGROFORESTRY
AGROFORESTRY MODELS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 Climate change refers to significant changes in average weather
parameters — such as temperature, wind and rain experienced in a
region over a long period of time.
 According to the IPCC report, (2014) changes in climate are
unequivocal and anthropogenic green house gases are the major
drivers of this change.
The emission of greenhouse gases has become a matter of great
concern because of the future projection of the global warming and
related effects on biological life.
Human activities accelerating the de-glaciation process.

4. Climate Change : causes and impacts
Deforestation
Pollution
Threatened Biodiversity
Drought Flood
Land Degradation
Hunger
Increasing
Population
Malnutrition

5. Impact of climate change in agriculture
 Productivity of most cereals would decrease due to increase
in temperature, CO and decrease in water availability.
 A projected loss of 10-40% in crop production by 21st
Century
 increase in 10c temperature may reduce yields of major
food crops by 3-7%.
 Length of growing period in rainfed areas is likely to
reduce, especially in peninsular regions.
NRCA, (2012)

6. Contribution of greenhouse gases to global
warming
• Greenhouse gases constitute CO2,
CH4, NO2, HFCs, PFCs and SF6.
• CO2 is the most important GHS
constitute 60% of total emission.
• Deforestation or depletion of land
resources are adding much more of
CO2 in atmosphere.
HFC= Hydroflorocarbon
PFC= Perfluorocarbon
SF6 = Sulphur hexafloride

7. 25%
21%
24%
14%
6%
10%
GLOBAL GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION BY
ECONOMIC SECTOR
ELECTRICITY&HEAT
PRODUCTION
INDUSTRY
AGRICULTURE,
FORESTRY &LAND USE
TRANSPORTATION
BUILDINGS
OTHER ENERGY
Source: IPCC,2014

8. F=Florinated gases
RELATIVE CUNTRIBUTION 0F MAJOR GREENHOUSE TO
GLOBAL WARMING
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Florinated gases
Nitrous oxide
C02
60%
CH4
20%
F-gases
14%
N2O
6%
sources: WRI, 2021; FAO, 2020

9. ANNUAL CARBON EMISSION
Source: Global carbon project

10. Carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change
 Technically and economically
feasible strategies are needed to
mitigate the consequences of increased
atmospheric CO2.
This increase in atmospheric CO2 —
from about 280 to more than 380 parts
per million (ppm) over the last few
decades is causing measurable global
warming.
Scientific information is needed to
develop ways to reduce human-caused
CO2 emissions and to remove CO2 from
the atmosphere.

11. Strategies
Reduce fossil
fuel consumption
Identify sinks and
sequestration
rate
Improve efficiency
Renewable
energy sources
Terrestrial
Aquatic
Soils Plants
Geologic
Strategies to Reduce
Atmospheric CO2

12. Land use SOC store Mitigation Potential
(up to 30 cm soil depth)
Barren land 20.0 t / ha 1.00%
Pasture 40.0 t / ha 2.00%
Agriculture 66.0 t / ha 3.30%
Plantations 80.5 t / ha 4.02%
Agro-forestry 83.6 t / ha 4.18%
Forest 120.0 t / ha 6.00%
GHG Mitigation potential of different lands
with barren land as base.
SOC = Soil organic carbon
Source: Jha et al., 2003

13. Forestry Agriculture

14. AGROFORESTRY
According to Nair(1979) defines agroforestry as a land use
system that integrates trees, crops and animals in way that is
scientifically sound, ecologically desirabale, practically
feasible, and socially acceptable to the farmers.

15. WHY & HOW
 The tree components in agroforestry systems can be
significant sinks of atmospheric carbon.
 Agroforestry provide secondary environmental benefits
such as food security, increasing farm income, maintaining
above ground and below ground biodiversity.
 It will reduce the stress and dependence on natural forest.
 Studies shown that 43% of all agricultural land has at
least 10% of the total tree cover. (IPCC,2014)
 Agroforestry has a wide scope in mitigation of climate
change, this was internationally supported in the 17th
meeting by the conference of parties (COP).

16. CARBON SEQUESTRATION
OPTION FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
Agroforestry system recognized as a carbon sequestration strategy
because of its applicability in agricultural lands as well as in
reforestation programs.
Agroforestry offers the highest potential for carbon sequestration
Direct role: Carbon sequestration rates ranging from 1.5 to 3.5
Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in agroforestry systems
• Indirect role: Agroforestry has also some indirect effects on C
sequestration since it helps to reduce pressure on natural
forests.
. . Nair et al., 2011

17. AREA UNDER AGROFORESTRY IN INDIA
Traditional AFS = 8.52 Mha
Shifting cultivation = 2.28 Mha
Home gardens = 2.42 Mha
Scattered trees on field bunds, etc. = 4.45 Mha
•Area brought under AFS in past 20 yr = 16.8 Mha
•Planning Commission’s estimate of additional area that could be
brought under AFS = 28.0 Mha
Total (potential) area under AFS = 53.32 Mha
= 17.5 % of total geographical area.
Dagar et al., 2014

18. Traditional agroforestry systems
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
NORTHEAST INDIA NORTHWEST INDIA WESTERN GHATS SOUTHERN INDIA
in india
SHIFTING CULTIVATION
(JHUM)
AGRI-SILVICULTURE AGRI-SILVICULTURE
SILVI-PASTORAL
HOME GARDENS
AGRI-SILVICULTURE
AGRI-HORTICULTURE
ENERGY PLANTATIONS
Murthy et al., 2013

19. AGROFORESTRY MODELS
Agri-silviculture model Silvopastoral model
Agrisilvipastoral model Alley-cropping (hedgerow intercropping)

20. CASE STUDY: SILVIPASTORAL SYSTEM
Comparative studies conducted by NRCAF on biomass
production from natural grassland.
 Woody species as Albizia amara and Leucaena leucocephala
with Chrysopogon fulvus as grass and Salvia scabra as legume.
Revealed that rate of biomass carbon stored in this system
was 6.72 t c/ha/yr, two times more than 3.14 t c/ha/yr from
natural grassland.
Rohith et al.,2019

21. Total above ground biomass (t/ha) in teak plantations as influenced by
agro climatic zones and age gradations
Chiranjeeva reddy et al.

23. Carbon storage capacity as per agroforestry model in different regions of India
Agroforestry model Carbon storage
capacity
Region Author
Silvopastoral system (5 years) 9.5–19.7 t C/ha Semiarid region Rai et al., (2001)
Silvopastoral system (aged 6
years)
1.5–18.5 t C/ha Northwestern India Karur et al., (2002)
Block plantation (aged 6
years)
24.1–31.1 t C/ha Central India Swamy et al., (2003)
Agrisilviculture system (aged
8 years)
4.7–13.0 t C/ha Arid region Singh (2005)
Agrisilviculture system (aged
11 years)
26.0 t C/ha Semiarid region NRCAF (2005)
Eucalyptus bund plantation 59,361 t Punjab (Rupnagar
district)
Gera et al., (2006)
Poplar block plantation 330,510 t
Populus deltoides ‘G-48’ +
wheat
18.53 t C/ha Tarai region of central
Himalaya
Yadava (2010)
P. deltoides + wheat boundary
plantation
4.66 t C/ha
Silvopasture 31.71 t C/ha Himachal Pradesh Verma et al.,
Natural grassland 19.2 t C/ha
Agrihorti silviculture 18.81 t C/ha
Hortipastoral 17.16 t C/ha
Agrisilviculture 13.37 t C/ha
(AICRPAF. 2006)

24. Climate change and climatic variability's are real and their
impacts have already been felt in agriculture.
The tree components in agroforestry system can be
significant sinks of atmospheric carbon and it will reduce the
stress and dependence on natural forest.
CONCLUSION

25. THANK YOU