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1. ELECTRIC VEHICLES
JABALPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Under the guidance of
Mr. Ashish Choubey
Assistant Professor
Presented By
Ankit Dubey
0201EE21ME15
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 WHY ELECTRIC VEHICLE
 NEEDS OF EV
 PARTS OF EV
 WORKING OF EV
 TYPES OF EV
 TYPES OF BATTERY USED IN EVS
 EV CHARGING SYSTEM
 MERITS & DEMERITS OF EV
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 An electric car is one powered by an electric motor rather than a traditional petrol/diesel
engine. This electric motor is powered by rechargeable batteries that can be charged by
common household electricity.
 An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-
combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases.
 Therefore, such a vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation
automobiles, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting
natural resources, etc.
 Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a
considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and
other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.

4. WHY ELECTRIC VEHICLE EV
1.Pollution:
Transportation accounts for one-third of all energy usage.
Use of 10% of ZEV cuts 1 million tons/year of air pollutants.
With 100% EV - CO2 emission would be cut by half.
2.Availability of Fuel:
Fast depletion of fossil fuel and dependence on middle east countries for
fuel.
3. Capital Cost and Maintenance Cost:
EV has a more capital cost.
But the life cycle cost of EV is lesser than ICEV.
4.Well-to-Wheel Efficiency:
The EV is found to have a better WTW efficiency than ICEV.
 ICEV- Internal Combustion Engines Vehicles
 EV- Electric Vehicles
 ZEV- Zero Emission Vehicles

5. NEED OF EV
 Contributes to cleaner air.
 To preserve the fossil fuels.
 Less maintenance.
 More efficient.
 Cost Effective.
 EVsare veryresponsive
and have very good torque.

6. PARTS OF EV
The basic main elements of electric cars installed in almost all types of electric cars are as follows:
1. Battery: The function of the battery in an electric car is as an electrical energy storage system in the
form of direct-current electricity (DC). There are various types of electric car batteries. The most widely
used is the type of lithium-ion batteries.
2. Controller: The main function of the controller is as a regulator of electrical energy from batteries and
inverters that will be distributed to electric motors. While the controller itself gets the main input from
the car pedal (which is set by the driver). This pedal setting will determine the frequency variation or
voltage variation that will enter the motor, and at the same time determine the car’s speed.
3. AC/ DC motor: Because the controller provides electrical power from the traction battery, the electric
traction motors will work by turning the transmission and wheels. Some hybrid electric cars use a type
of generator motor that performs the functions of propulsion and regeneration. In general, the type of
electric motor used is the BLDC (brushless DC) motor.

7. PARTS OF EV
BATTERY CONTROLLER MOTOR

8. WORKING OF EV
 The driver presses the accelerator
which in turn sends the signal to the
controller.
 When fully accelerated, the
maximum voltage supplied to the
motor.

9. TYPES OF EV
1. EVs (also known as plug-in Electric Vehicles) derive all or part of their
power from electricity supplied by the electric grid. They include AEVs
and PHEVs.
2. AEVs (All-electric Vehicles) are powered by one or more electric
motors. They receive electricity by plugging it into the grid and storing it
in batteries. They consume no petroleum-based fuel and produce no
tailpipe emissions. AEVs include Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs).
3. PHEVs (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles) use batteries to power an
electric motor, plug into the electric grid to charge, and use a petroleum-
based or alternative fuel to power the internal combustion engine. Some
types of PHEVs are also called extended-range electric vehicles
(EREVs).

11. TYPES OF BATTERY USED IN EVS
 Lithium-Ion Batteries.
 Nickel-Metal
Hydride
Batteries.
 Lead-Acid Batteries.
 Ultracapacitors.

12. EV CHARGING SYSTEM

13. MERITS & DEMERITS OF EV
S.No MERITS DEMERITS
1 Lower ongoing costs: Recharging an electric car is
much more affordable in the long run as opposed to
refueling a gas-fueled car.
Limited driving range: The driving range of a gas-
powered car is much longer than that of an electric car,
which can range anywhere from 100 miles to 400
depending on the type of car.
2 Reduce carbon footprint: According to the EPA,
one traditional gas-fueled passenger vehicle with a
22-miles per gallon range emits an average of 4.6
metric tons of carbon dioxide per year.
Few charging stations: Even though you can charge an
electric vehicle at home, finding a charging station if
you're driving through rural areas or on a long-distance
road trip can be a challenge.
3 Low maintenance needs: We all know cars need a
bit of TLC from time to time. Petrol and diesel
engines can require expensive engine maintenance
over their lifetimes – electric vehicles don’t.
Long charge time: It can take upwards of two days to
get a full charge on a battery pack using normal outlets,
depending on car type and battery size. Even the fastest
charging stations will take 30 minutes to get near 80
percent capacity.

14. To be continued…
S.No MERITS DEMERITS
4 High Quality Performance: There is no exhaust
system, electric cars are known for operating
smoothly and quietly. Electric cars usually
operate more efficiently and use less energy in
stop-and-go city traffic.
High upfront costs: Although the cost of an electric
car can be offset by fuel cost savings and tax credits,
the upfront price of most electric cars is higher than
that of comparable gas-powered vehicles.
5 Convenient: Some newer electric cars even have
voice-enabled systems so all you have to do is ask
where a charging station is and the car will lead
you there.
Battery replacement expense & Lower Battery
Life: We will need to be replaced every 3 – 10 years
depending on the make and model.

15. CONCLUSION
 EV has reduced carbon emission significantly in the area where
it is used.
 Increase the overall efficiency of cars.
 With this, we come to the following facts the number of experts
vehicle doubling on the roads in the near future the need for this
alternative energy is very evident and has a promising return.

16. THANK YOU