IDRC14-Luu et al
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5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
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IDRC14-Luu et al
- 1. Flood mitigation through hydropower dam management in Vietnam T.D.C. Luu1, J. Von Meding1, S. Kanjanabootra1, 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org C.H. Luu2 1The University of Newcastle, Australia 2Hydropower Project Board No.5., Vietnam
- 2. There have been 815 hydropower projects approved with a total installed capacity of 24,324.3MW. In these 815 approved projects, there are 268 hydropower plants in operation with capacity of 14,240.5MW and over 205 projects under construction with capacity of 6,198.8MW. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org (Source: The International Journal on Hydropower & Dam – 2011)
- 3. (Sources: Central Committee for Flood and Storm Control; General Statistic Office) 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Vietnam: A country at risk -Multiple hazards -Unfavourable terrain -Human-induced environmental damage -Poorly managed forestry -Uncontrolled development of hydropower facilities
- 4. High density development: The main hydropower dams on Dong Nai river basin. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org (Source: Conference on Integrated Management of Watershed and River Basin – VRN 2011)
- 5. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org
- 6. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org
- 7. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Operation Design & Construction Environmental Impacts
- 8. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Environmental Impacts Deforestation during hydropower boom- very little reforestation (3 of 27 provinces) Disruption to ecosystem, impacting livelihoods Resettlement of many communities and often induced poverty
- 9. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Design and constructio There are 5 river diversion hydropower projects in central Vietnam and many “run-of-river” hydropower plants seriously impacting both residents and the ecology. Most hydropower dams do not ensure minimum flow of rivers in the dry season and do not have bottom outlet works in the dam body to discharge water when necessary. (Source: tuoitre.vn)
- 10. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Operation/Management The potential for hydropower projects to address flood control task in central Vietnam is limited due to its topography. In most reservoir operation procedures, the regulation is that 2 hours prior notice be given before discharge occurs. The rainfall observation network is very sparse in the Central region and rain gauges are measured only every 12 hours (at 7pm and 7am). Residents have limited to access to information relating to reservoir operating and flood discharge procedures. In addition, local authorities lack specific provisions to empower communities to seek compensation.
- 11. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Initial Observations 1. Forest management should be given immediate attention. The Strategic Environment Assessment in all river basins should be studied for sustainable development in water resources. 2. It is important to build the capacity of the rainfall observation network in order to enhance forecast accuracy and increase the notice before flood discharge. 3. All reservoir dams at level three must have monitoring equipment installed that provides the observation data of water levels and discharges in reservoirs and this data must be accessed on a system. 4. It is necessary to establish a dam safety committee and build reservoirs and dam data/information management in Vietnam.
- 12. Added value for the Post 2015 Framework for 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Disaster Risk Reduction • How did your work support the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action: – Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks: data and statistical loss in Vietnam. – Provides a more solid footing for decision makers. – Creating a holistic framework to solve problems caused by human intervention in the ecosystem. • From your perspective what are the main gaps, needs and further steps to be addressed in the Post 2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in – Research: More locally driven research in developing countries – Education & Training: Capacity building of local institutions, enhanced disaster management courses and programs – Implementation & Practice: Investment in prevention and preparedness, recognition of value in this investment – Policy: Working WITH decision-makers on research, enabling change
Notes de l'éditeur
- Vietnam is located in one of the most hazard-prone area in the Asian Pacific Region. It is vulnerable to multiple hazards, particularly in the central region.
- An annual average of deaths and missing people of 588. According to World Bank, natural disasters cost as much as 1.5 percent of gross domestic product per year in Vietnam.
- Take an example of Dong Nai River basin. Be River and La Nga River are two/six main tributaries of Dong Nai River. The high density of hydropower plants: 14/420 km of Dong Nai River, 6/350km of Be River, 5/290km of La Nga River.
- The resettlement and reforestation are stated in the EIA for the preparation stage of project. However these two problems have not carried out seriously. According to the report of Minister of MOARD, only 3 out of 27 provinces have carried out reforestation under the guidance of Circular 24/2013/TT-BNNPTNT.
- The resettlement after compulsory land acquisition created a lot of suffering for the residents. Most of them are ethnic minorities.
- During the central Vietnam floods of 2013, all hydropower reservoir operators claimed that they complied correctly with operation procedure. However, the residents who suffered the severe consequences of flooding did not absolve the operators of responsibility.
- Ex: The river diversion in Dak Mi 4 plant has led the Vu Gia River to run out of water during dry season and created a major conflict regarding water use between the investor and Da Nang resident. Dak Mi 4 is supposed to discharge 25m3/s for Vu Gia river according to the Report No.75/BC-CP of the Prime Minister. However it presently discharges only 5m3/s due to the electricity generation optimization.
- During the central Vietnam floods of 2013, all hydropower reservoir operators claimed that they complied correctly with operation procedure. However, the residents who suffered the severe consequences of flooding did not absolve the operators of responsibility.
- When considering the hydropower development process, it can be seen that weakness in management and planning invariably lead to an increase in flood risk in Vietnam. Hydropower plays an important role in maintaining national energy security in Vietnam; however, there are many shortcomings that must be addressed in the move towards sustainable hydropower development. The following actions are recommended as potential flood mitigation methods.