IDRC14-ppp-Vazirpour.pptx- 93-6-4

Public Awareness and Information
Dissemination in Earthquake Risk
Reduction, a Step toward Increasing
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014
‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland
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Urban Resiliency in Tehran
Shabbou Vazirpour, Mohsen Nadi, Ramin Radnia,
Tehran Disaster Mitigation & Management Organization
(TDMMO), I.R. Iran

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Introduction
• Today, over half of the world population
live in urban areas and among them,
many live in the cities that are exposed
to natural disasters and earthquake,
• Occurrence of natural disasters in the
cities is of severe challenges for urban
managers due to the heavy loss and
financial damages,
• In order for this risks to be reduced,
urban resiliency should be increased and
community should be empowered,
• Findings of this research emphasized the
point that public awareness &
information dissemination as a key
factor in effective earthquake risk
reduction lead to empowerment of
citizens and urban resiliency

Objective
• According to HFA (2005- 2015) the starting point for reducing
disaster risks and promoting culture of disaster resilience lies
in the knowledge of hazards and vulnerabilities to disasters
that most societies face. Based on this, the main objective for
this research is to review and assess the role of public
awareness and information dissemination in Tehran citizens’
knowledge and attitude toward possible earthquake
occurrence and actions that can be taken individually and
collectively to reduce risks and vulnerability to earthquake.
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Tehran Risks and Hazards
• Tehran, capital of Iran, is a mega
city located at foot slope of
Alborz mountains in an
earthquake prone area with
many active faults
Source: National Geosciences Database of Iran
www.ngdir.ir

Tehran Risks and Hazards
• Earthquake, Air pollution, Landslide, Drought, Flood, Fire and
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Hazmat are of the most important risks for Tehran.

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Tehran is at risk!
• Locating on an seismic active zone;
• Rapid growth of the City, which
means more faults in Tehran;
• High population density
• Vulnerable structures and
buildings;
• Historical background of occurrence
of devastative earthquakes
• Concentration of national
administrative, economical and
business centers.
Source: www.geology.com

Urban Resiliency Definition
• According to UN- Habitat definition, Urban Resiliency refers to
the ability of any urban system to withstand and recover quickly
from catastrophic events,
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• UNISDR says: A Disaster Resilience City is the one
where people are empowered to participate, decide and plan
their city together with local authorities and value local &
indigenous knowledge, capacities & resources
Community Empowerment Definition
• Community Empowerment is a process of enabling communities
to increase control over their lives. In other word, it is a multi-dimensional
social process that helps people gain control over
their own lives. It is a process that fosters power in people for
use in their own lives, their communities and in their society, by
acting on issues they define as important.

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Public Awareness Definition
• Based on UNISDR terminology on DRR: Public awareness is
the extent of common knowledge about disaster risks, the factors
that lead to disasters and the actions that can be taken individually
and collectively to reduce exposure and vulnerability to hazards.
• Public awareness is a key factor in effective disaster risk reduction.
Its development is pursued, for example, through the development
and dissemination of information through media and educational
channels, the establishment of information centers, networks, and
community or participation actions, and advocacy by senior public
officials and community leaders.
Public
Awareness &
information
Dissemination
Community
Empowerment
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Urban
Resiliency

The relationship between public Awareness and urban resiliency
demonstrated below:
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Knowledge is Power
Increasing
Public
Awareness
Enhance
community
empowerment
Reduce Risks and
Vulnerability Increase
Urban
Resiliency

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Case Study
• In this research, with the aim to review the
role of public awareness and information
dissemination in Tehran citizens’
knowledge about earthquake, possibility of
earthquake occurrence in Tehran, citizens’
attitude toward possible earthquake
occurrence and actions that can be taken
to reduce earthquake risks, demographic
and KAP data has been gathered from 390
citizens aged 15 and above who selected
randomly to respond questionnaire.
• Sample population includes 52.1% men and
47.9% women
• Majority of respondent belonged to 26-35
age group

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Case Study
• For descriptive information, frequency analysis and tabulation
were made and relationship between information
dissemination and awareness raising as independent variable
for citizens' empowerment has been investigated and
analyzed with Tehran citizens' interest in enhancing
participation in disaster management and earthquake.
• In this research according to Pearson correlation test, data
analysis demonstrates that there is a very high positive
correlation between information dissemination and
awareness raising and citizen's interest in participation in
earthquake disaster management (R=0.670, at 0.001
significant). In other word, awareness raising empower
citizens and increase their interest in participation in natural
disaster management issues.

45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
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Findings
• Based on the findings of this research, 95.9% of respondents heard
about possibility of occurrence of Tehran devastative earthquake,
• In comparison between flood, drought and earthquake, 93.3% think
that Earthquake is the most important natural disaster for Tehran,
• 66.4% of respondent are worried or very worried about occurrence
of earthquake, 23.1% somewhat concerned and only 10% are not
worried of occurrence of Earthquake.
0%
Not Worried somewhat
concerned
worried very worried not respond
10%
23.10% 24.10%
42.30%
0.50%

60
40
20
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Findings
• About the most important resources through which
respondent received information on preparedness against
earthquake and disaster risk reduction, 59.1% respond TV,
9.5% newspapers, 8.7% by radio and 6.5% by internet
0
Information dissemination
Resources
information
dissemination
Resources

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Findings
• Regarding actions that can be taken without any expenses for increasing level of
preparedness against earthquake, percentage of respondent's activities have been
demonstrated below:
Measures required for citizens ‘
Preparedness
Done Are to be
done
Not done/ Not
able to do
Not
informed
Meetings & receiving training material 36.5% 3.1% 42.3% 18.1%
Talking with family on what to do in
35.1% 9.5% 42.3% 13.1%
disasters
Developed family emergency plan 13.5% 16.4% 57.8% 12.3%
Participation in DM training course 38.9% 16.1% 40.3% 4.7%
Membership in emergency Voluntary group 18.2% 11.5% 55.3% 15%
Preparation disaster supply kit 18.4% 23.4% 51.7% 6.5%
Practicing self protection against
39.4% 13.3% 41.5% 5.8%
earthquake
Buildings non structural reinforcement 23.6% 17.8% 53.8% 4.8%
Recognition of homes' safe and unsafe
42.1% 17.7% 33.6% 6.6%
locations

• Status of implementing actions that that can be taken without
any expenses for increasing level of preparedness against
earthquake
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
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Findings
0
Done
Not Done

Findings
• Regarding required information dissemination and awareness raising
measures for modification of residents and community attitude toward
earthquake in Tehran, 50.5% of respondents believed that the amount
of information provided by disaster management related organization
for modification of Tehran residents’ attitude toward earthquake is not
adequate, 38.5% believed the information received is somewhat
adequate and 11% think that they received enough information in this
regard.
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relationship between information provided &
change of citizens attitude toward earthquake
Information is not adequate
Somewhat adequate
Enough information
received

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Results in brief
• Disasters can be reduced substantially if people are well informed
about measures they can take to reduce vulnerability and if they
are motivated enough to act,
• Majority of Tehran citizens’ believed that the amount of
information provided on disaster risks and how they can act to
reduce their exposure to earthquake hazards is not adequate for
changing their attitude,
• Public awareness strategy should be revised and redefined in order
to stimulate disaster resilience culture and integrate DRR into
everyday life,
• Besides lack of appropriate measures for increasing public
awareness and knowledge on disaster risk reduction, other factors
such as cultural and religious beliefs, economic factors and lack of
enough motivation are other factors for general population not to
be active enough against earthquake risks

Added value for the Post 2015 Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction
• How did your work support the implementation of the Hyogo
Framework for Action:
In line with Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 defined
priorities for actions and according to outcomes of this research, this
work support implementation of the HFA through the followings:
- Utilizing knowledge, innovation and training for establishment of a
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culture of disaster resilience at all level of community,
- empowerment of communities and local authorities to manage and
reduce disaster risks by having access to necessary information,
- building understanding, awareness and culture of safety and also
identification, assessment, monitoring disaster risks and
enhancement of early warnings
- Developing risk reduction capacities at local level,
- Reducing vulnerabilities and exposure to the risks,
- Strengthening disaster preparedness at local level

TDMMO Some of the implemented & ongoing Projects
Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO) in
addition to other annual programs, planned following several projects in
cooperation with other stakeholders in order to support implementation
of the Hyogo Framework for Action:
• Producing TV program for earthquake awareness promotion in Iran in
cooperation with Education Channel of I.R. Iran Broadcasting
Organization (IRIB) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
in 2013, with the purpose to enhance the awareness and knowledge
of earthquake by using the films produced through project and
broadcasting of 12 series of the 10 minutes episodes called " the
Adventures of Parishan Family" with total duration of 120 minutes in
March 2014.
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• Producing 35 items of ten seconds
animation teasers with the messages
for increasing public awareness on
measures that have to be taken prior,
during and after an earthquake and
broadcasting through different
channels and presenting through urban
televisions from 2011 to 2014

• Preparing and finalizing basic concepts and preparation of an operation
and management plan for earthquake disaster management Museum as a
part public awareness measures envisaged in output 2 of TDMMO
ongoing joint project with JICA entitled "Capacity Building in Earthquake
Risk Reduction and Disaster Management (from 2012- 2015)
• Improving early warning through establishment of Early Warning System
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as output three of the aforesaid ongoing joint project with JICA
• Receiving Sasakawa 2013 Award and Letter of Distinction for Disaster
Management Team Formation Plan for Tehran Amaken Project which
encourages residents and office workers to take part in disaster training to
mitigate risk at home and in the work-place.
• Selected as one of the ten partner cities for Un- Habitat City Resilience
Profiling Program (CRPP) in 2013
• Selected as one of the 20 best project proposals for Risk Award 2014 for
safe emergency evacuation program in Tehran neighborhood units

• Main gaps, needs and further steps to be addressed in the Post
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2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in
- Research: More researches should be done in order to recognize
what kind of information and awareness raising, how and to what
extent should be provide to citizens’ in order to change their attitude
toward earthquake.
- Education & Training: This should focus on increasing citizens’
motivation for participation in mitigation, preparedness and
disaster risk reduction measures
- Implementation & Practice: As practice makes perfect, information
and awareness raising measures provided to citizens should be
practiced by implementation of disaster management drills or
through information dissemination channels
- Policy: improve capacities and increse resiliency

References
• Vazirpour, Shabbou (2011). A survey on relationship between
citizen's empowerment and their interest in participation in natural
disaster management; Case study of earthquake in Tehran Districts,
M.A. Thesis, Tehran Science and Research Azad University, Tehran.
• UNDP (2012). Country Program Action Plan (CPAP) between
Government of I.R. Iran and United Nation Development Program,
United Nations, Tehran.
• Jahangiri, Katayoun, Izadkhah, Yasamin, Azin, Seyed Ali; (2010).
Factors Affecting Tehran Resident Earthquake Preparedness: A
Logistic Regression Analysis, International Disaster Reduction
Conference. Davos, Switzerland.
• Vazirpour, Shabbou (2010).Increasing Public Participation level in
Earthquake Disaster Management in Tehran, Proceedings of 1st
Conference on Management Disasters and Disaster Management,
Urban Management Department, Tehran Science and Research
Azad University: 20-22.
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