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2. Human computer interaction
1- Introduction
2- What is HCI
3- Why HCI
4- The Goals of HCI
5- Types of HCI
6- Generations interaction process

3. 1- Introduction
HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent
computers are or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings .
As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts: the user, the computer itself, and the ways they work together.
User
By "user", we may mean an individual user, a group of users working together. An
appreciation of the way people's sensory systems (sight, hearing, touch) relay
information is vital. Also, different users form different conceptions or mental
models about their interactions and have different ways of learning and keeping
knowledge. In addition, cultural and national differences play a part.

4. Interaction
There are obvious differences between humans and machines. In spite of these, HCI attempts to ensure that they both
get on with each other and interact successfully. In order to achieve a usable system, you need to apply what you know
about humans and computers, and consult with likely users throughout the design process. In real systems, the
schedule and the budget are important, and it is vital to find a balance between what would be ideal for the users and
what is feasible in reality.
Computer
When we talk about the computer, we're referring to any technology ranging from desktop computers, to large scale
computer systems. For example, if we were discussing the design of a Website, then the Website itself would be
referred to as "the computer". Devices such as mobile phones or VCRs can also be considered to be “computers”.

5. By interaction we mean any communication between a user and computer, be it direct or indirect.
❖ Direct interaction involves a dialog with feedback and control throughout performance of the task.
❖ Indirect interaction may involve batch processing or intelligent sensors controlling the environment .
The important thing is that the user is interacting with the computer in order to accomplish something.

6. ❖ Designing interactive computer systems to be effective, efficient, easy, and enjoyable to use is important, so
that people and society may realize the benefits of computation-based devices.
❖ Human computer interaction is a specialty in many fields and is therefore multidisciplinary, but it has an
intrinsic relationship as a subfield to computer science.

7. 2- What is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)?
❖ The term human computer interaction has only been in widespread use since the early 1980s but has its roots in
more established disciplines.
❖ The Second World War provided the impetus for studying the interaction between human and machines, as each
side strove to produce more effective weapons systems. This led to a wave of interest in area among researchers, and
formation of the Ergonomics Research Society in 1949.
❖ The research originally went under the name man machine interaction, but this become human computer
interaction in recognition of the particular interest in computers and the composition of the user population.

8. 3- Why HCI
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a field of science that studies the design and use of computer technology.
Interaction between user and computer OR Relationship between users and computer systems.
HCI focus on interfaces between people and computers and how to design, evaluate, and implement interactive
computer systems that satisfy the user.

9. HCI is very important because it will be fundamental to make products more
successful, safe, useful and functional. In the long run, it will make more
pleasurable for the user. Hence, it is important to have someone with HCI
focused skills involved in all phases of any product of system development. HCI is
also important to avoid products or project going wrong or totally fail.
“As interaction designers, we need to remember that it is not
about the interface, it’s about what people want to do. To come
up with great designs, you need to know who those people are
and what they are really trying to accomplish.”

10. 4- The Goals of HCI
The goals of HCI are to produce usable and safe systems, as well as
functional systems. In order o produce computer systems with good
usability, developers must attempt to:
o Understand the factors that determine how people use technology
o Develop tools and techniques to enable building suitable systems
o Achieve efficient, effective, and safe interaction
o Put people first
Underlying the whole theme of HCI is the belief that people using a
computer system should come first. Their needs, capabilities and
preferences for conducting various tasks should direct developers in
the way that they design systems. People should not have to change
the way that they use a system in order to fit in with it. Instead, the
system should be designed to match their requirements.

11. In general, usability is an essential concept in HCI and is concerned with making
systems easy to learn, easy to use, and with limiting error frequency and severity. A basic
goal of HCI is to improve the interactions between users and computers by making
computers more usable and receptive to the user's needs.
Usability is one of the key concepts in HCI. It is concerned with making systems easy to
learn and use. A usable system is:
➢ easy to learn
➢ easy to remember how to use
➢ effective to use
➢ efficient to use
➢ safe to use
➢ enjoyable to use

12. 5- Types of HCI
1) Graphical user interface
2) Menu driven interface
3) Voice driven interface
4) Command line interface
5) Touch driven interface
1 3 3
4 5

13. 6- Stages of the development interaction between human and computer
Stages of the development process of the interaction between human and computer
First generation ( 1945 - 1956):
1- There was no interaction between the human-computer
2- Computers were limited to only experts and specialists.
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ENIAC 1946

14. Second and third generation (1956 - 1970 ):
1- Separation between software and solid construction
2- The emergence of operating systems FMT, VMS, DOS and programming languages at a high level. (COBOL, FORTRAN).
3-The interaction between man and computer is very limited.
4- The emergence of input and output tools reader and perforated cards, and printers.
5- Computers were very expensive and is still confined to specialists
Grace Hopper
the inventor of compiler
• Compiler improved
usability
• COBOL 1959
Sketchpad 1963
it could draw both horizontal and
vertical lines and combine them into
figures and shapes. figures could be
copied, moved, rotated, or resized,
retaining their basic properties
computer mouse 1964
demonstrated the interaction
using the mouse at the mother
of all demos

15. Modern computers (1971- …..)
Informatics applications have evolved and emerged new forms of interaction between humans and computers and
dropped price of computers has become so ordinary people can possess.
Dynabook : 1972
concept of laptop
Graphical user interface
XEROX Star 1981
Microcomputers
Motorola released 1983
Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

16. HOMEWORK
Q1) What would developers need to be successful with their designs?
Q2) What is usability?