Quality management

1. MEASUREMENT
TOOLS
Lesson 13

2. Check Sheet
■ 1. SPC - 7 BASICTOOLS 2013.10.22
■ 2. STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
■ 3. CHECK SHEET Data record Checklist Develop a matrix for data collection.
■ 4. STRATIFICATIONANALYSIS StratificationVariablesTo group your data by a
stratification variable.
■ 5. SCATTER DIAGRAM EXPLAINSTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN... ...X andY.

3. Check Sheet
■ 6. HISTOGRAM Normal manufacturing process, normal quality Limitation Data from
difference sources
■ 7. HISTOGRAMVS. BAR GRAPH Histogram Size, shape and the density of interval.
■ 8. CREATING HISTOGRAM
– 1. Collecting input data (n>50).
– 2. Define K (base on sampling size, density of the bin, narrow the interval) Either the
experience or use the formula K=1+3.32*log(n)
– 3. Define I the Range: R=X max – X min i= R/ K (take the odd number)
– 4. Bin range L = X min-(unit/2), U=L+I ...apply to other number, till > X max
– 5. On theTools menu, click Data Analysis.
– 6. In the AnalysisTools box, click Histogram, and then click OK.

4. Check Sheet
■ 9. REVIEWTHE 4 BASICTOOLSCheck Sheet A systematic and constantly, data record
collection.
■ 10. CAUSEAND EFFECT DIAGRAM Measurement Materials Method analytical
procedure Sampling
■ 11. REVIEWTHE OTHER 3 BASICTOOLS Pareto Chart 80-20 rule.
■ 12. ADDRESSYOUR CONCLUSION Follow MECE Principle mutually exclusive and
collectively exhaustive South East North Seattle East ←→↑ Grouping Find what’ve
been missing East South ↓ North ↑ SeattleWest North ← BlueWest Blue west south
north direction SummarizingWest→ EastWest South North

5. More measurement tools
Histograms a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a
variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.
Run chart A run chart is a line graph of data plotted over time. By collecting and charting data
over time, you can find trends or patterns in the process.
Scatter
diagrams
a type of plot or mathematical diagram usingCartesian coordinates to display
values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are color-coded, one
additional variable can be displayed.
Cause and
affect
Diagrams
Show the causes of a specific event.
Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source of variation
Paretos Chart a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are
represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented
by the line.