By George Lasluisa

1. z
The Unit of
Translation and
Discourse Analysis
George Lasluisa

2. z
Coherence
Consider Genre
17th Century English Tale
Formulaic style, stereotypes, recent
works.
Have already standard translated
forms.
Consider Structure of
the text
An start
Climax, plot, problema.
End, solution, evaluation.
Chapters, headings, sub-headings,
paragraph lengths are pointers.

3. z
Titles
 If title is brief and accurate, leave it.
 With subtitles, replace it or mark the important object.
 Try to keep the title if it is a fiction reading.
 If not a literary text, replace allusive by something descriptive.

4. z
Dialogue cohesion
 Is present in dialogues and speech.
 Specifically, questions.
 More specifically, the way to addressee considering sex, age,
intimacy, etc.
 Then, consider tags.
 Last, consider difference between speech (no punctuation,
nonverbal communication) and dialogue.

5. z
Punctuation
Translatorshaveto
recognize
punctutationof
differentlanguages
French
suspension points
indicate a pause,
where in English
they indicate the
omission of a
passage
Exclamation
marks in German
are used for
drawing attention-
for emotive effects
and emphasis,
Consider replacing with
the correct punctuation
of the target language.

6. z
Sound-effects
 Jingles sound can be transferred to make reader realize about
rhythm like s’s.
 Sometimes we add words or replace some to extend the
message for better understanding of a uncomprehensive word.

7. z
Cohesion
 How to relate sentences.
 With connectives.
 Problem arise when they are polysemous.
 'however’, 'on the other hand’ = d'auire part

8. z
Referential synonyms
 Lexical, pronominal or general.
 Used to avoid redundancy rather than to supply new information.

9. z
Enumerators
 Act as connectors.
 As adverbs can be for enumerating or contrasting
Other connectivities
 Linguistic synonyms and words to express analogy.
 To avoid repetition.

10. z
Functional sentence perpective
 Problems with the distribution of information as determined by all
meaningful elements in a written or spoken sentence, such as
intonation, word order and context.
 We have to consider theme and rheme.
Rheme
The comment or focus. The destination of the departure point
Theme
The topic, the departure from the
information appears.
E.g. Tom likes traveling

11. z
Contrast
 In order to work on neologisms, or unfindable words.
 Mark climax with an negative.positive sequence.
 The negative is likely to intriduce an opposite.
 Contrast with comparatives and superlatives. Comparatives may be
absolute as well as relative.
 Rhetorical questions should be frequently translated to normal
sentences.
Demonstrated that a whole text can be used as a unit of translation.

12. z
The lower units of translation.
Consider
prefixes or
suffixes.
Morpheme The clause
Both are
gramatical.
The general factors
of time, mood,
space, logic,
agreement.
The group
Both are
lexical.
The details, the
idiom and the
compound.
The collocation The word