Gist of const

1. Introduction to
Constitution of India

2. What is
Constitution?
 Legally written document of the organisation of the country
 A base for the democratic country
 States what fundamental rights it provides its people
 Details power distribution and power limitation

3. Historical
background of
Indian
Constitution
• The Company Rule (1773-1858)
 Regulating Act of 1773:
 It was the first take by British Government to control and regulate the
affairs of East India Company
 It recognised, for the first time the political and administrative
functions of the Company
 It laid the foundations of central administration in India
 Pitt’s Act of 1784:
 British Government got the supreme control of the company and its
administration in India
 Company territories were called as ‘British possession in India’
 Charter Act of 1833:
 East India company became a pure administrative body
 Governor-General of Bengal was made as Governor-General of India
 Charter Act of 1853:
 Indian Legislative Council was formed
 Macaulay committee was formed in 1854

4. Historical
background of
Indian
Constitution
 The Crown Rule(1858-1947)
 Government of India Act 1858
 Governor-General of India was changed asViceroy of India
 A new office, Secretary of State was formed
 This office holds the complete power
 It was a member of British cabinet.
 This act is largely confined to the improvement of the administrative of
Indian Government under the control of England.
 Indian councilAct 1861
 It made the beginning of Representative institutions
 It initiated the process of decentralisation by restoring powers to
Bombay and Madras Presidencies
 It empowersViceroy to make rules and also recognised ‘portfolio’
system
 Indian councilAct 1892
 It increased the number of additional members in additional and
provincial legislative councils
 It made a limited and indirect provision for electing the members.
 Indian councilAct 1909
 It further increased the number of representatives
 It provided association of Indians with executive Councils
 It introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims

5. Historical
background of
Indian
Constitution
 Government of India Act,1919
 It relaxed the central control
 Central and Provincial were authorised to make laws on the their respective list of
subjects
 Provincial budgets were authorised for the first time
 A system of dyarchy was formed
 Bicameralism and direct elections were introduced
 Communal representation was extended to Sikhs, IndianChristians, Anglo-Indians
and European
 A Central Public Service Commission (CPSC) was set up in 1926
 Government of India Act,1935
 Federal, Provincial and concurrent list were made
 It abolished dyarchy
 Bicameralism was introduced in 6 provinces
 Communal representation was extended to depressed class(scheduled class)
 Right to Franchise was extended
 Reserve Bank of India was established
 Provincial and Joint Public service Commissions were established
 Federal court was established in 1937
 Indian Independence Act,1947
 On February 20,1947 it was declared that British rule in India would end by June
30,1948
 India was declared as Independent State fromAugust 15,1947
 It provided partition of India and Pakistan
 It deprived all the British power with India and Pakistan
 Princely States were given freedom to join India or Pakistan or to remain as
Independent State

6. Borrowed
features of
Indian
Constitution
Australia  Concurrent list
 Freedom ofTrade
 Joint – sitting of two houses
Canada  Federation with a strong Centre
 Vesting of residuary powers in the Centre
 Appointment of state governors by Centre
 Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Ireland  Directive Principles of State Policy
 Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha
 Method of election of President
Japan  Procedure Established by law
Soviet
Union(present
Russia)
 Fundamental duties
 Ideas of justice(social, economic ,political) in
the Preamble
UK  Parliamentary government
 Rule of Law
 Legislative procedure
 Single Citizenship
 Cabinet system
 Prerogative writs
 Parliamentary privileges
 Bicameralism

7. Borrowed
features of
Indian
Constitution
US  Fundamental rights
 Independence of judiciary
 Judicial review
 Impeachment of the president
 Removal of Supreme Court and High Court
judges
 Post of vice-president
Germany  Suspension of Fundamental Rights during
emergency
South Africa  Procedure for amendment in the Indian
Constitution
 Election of members of Rajya Sabha
France  Republic
 Ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity in the
Preamble

8. Preamble

9. Some other
important
points
 Indian Constitution is the lengthiest written Constitution in the
world
 395 Articles
 22 Parts
 8 Schedules
 Total no of Amendments : 104 (till 2020)