Irrational Drug Use Prepared By DR. Gismalla Patrice Samuel , For Raja Hospital , South Sudan.

1. PROBLEMS OF IRRATIONAL DRUG USE
RAJA HOSPITAL

3. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DRUG AND
MEDICINE ?????
• All Medicines are Drugs whereas not all Drugs are medicines.
• A drug is a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation,
treatment, or prevention of disease.
• Per a medicine is “any substance or substances used in treating disease or illness;
medicament; remedy.”
• Medicines are all drugs, and drugs used in diagnosis and prevention may not be
medicines. Purified protein derivative used to diagnose tuberculosis and influenza
vaccine match the FDA description of drugs, but not the definition of medicine.

4. POINTS TO VIEW
• 1. Examples of Irrational Use of Drugs
• 2. Factors Influencing Rational Medicine Use In Health Facilities

5. OBJECTIVES
• Define Irrational Drug Use
• Discuss The Different Processes Involved In Medicine use
• Identify Factors The Influence Use Of Medicines
• Describe The Different Aspects Of Irrational Use of Medicines
• Highlight Different Methods to Study Drug Use Problems And Strategies and
Interventions To Improve Rational Medicine Use.

6. IRRATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES IS A WIDE SPREAD
HAZARD TO HEALTH
• 50% of People worldwide Take Medicines Incorrectly
• Drug Promotion Regulated Only In half of The Developing Countries.
• In Some Areas , Children Have had More than 20 Injection By Age of 2 Years .
• 15 Billion Injections Are Given Per Year – Half of Them Are Unsterile.
• 95% of Injections In primary Health Care 60% In Secondary Health Center Are Not
Needed.
• 25 – 75 % of Antibiotic prescriptions Are Inappropriate .

9. WHY DO WE WORRY ABOUT IRRATIONAL DRUG
USE ????
Impact of Inappropriate Use of Drugs
Reduce Quality
Of Therapy
Waste of
Recourses
Risk of Unwanted
Effects
Psycho- Social
Impacts
Mortality & Morbidity Reduced Availability &
Increase Cost
Adverse Reaction
& MOs Resistance To
ABs
Patients Relay on
Unnecessary Drugs

10. FACTORS UNDERLYING IRRATIONAL USE OF
DRUGS !!
Patients Prescribers Industry Drug Supply Drug
Regulation
• Drug
Misinformatio
n
• Misleading
Beliefs
• Inability To
Communicate
Problems
• Lack of
Education &
Training
• Lack of Drug
Information
• Heavy
Patient Load
• Pressure To
Prescribe
•
• Promotion
• Misleading
Claims
• Insufficient
Management
• Non-
Availability of
Required Drugs
• Availability of
Unsafe Drugs
• Informal
Prescribers

11. EXAMPLE OF APPROACHES TO IMPROVE DRUG USE
• Developing , Disseminating, Utilizing and Revising STG.
• Problem – Oriented Training In Pharmaco- Therapy Education Based on STG.
• Encourage Health Providers and patients To Use Information About Appropriate
Use of Medicines.
• Pharmacy Professionals and Dispensers To be More Active Members of The
Health Care Team and To Offer Better Advice Consumers About Health and
Drugs.
• Improve Prescribing.

13. THE MEDICINES USE PROCESS

14. ASPECTS OF IRRATIONAL USE OF MEDICINE
• Diagnosis :
• Inadequate Examination of Patient
• Incomplete Communication between patient And Doctor
• Lack of Documented Medical History
• Prescribing
• Under Prescribing
• Incorrect Prescribing
• Over Prescribing
• Multiple Prescribing ( Poly- Pharmacy)

17. ASPECTS OF IRRATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES
• Dispensing :
• Incorrect Interpretation of The Prescription
• Packing Wrong Medicine e.g. Similar Color Containers
• Inaccurate Counting
• Inadequate Labeling
• Unsanitary Procedures
• Patient Adherence :
• Poor Labeling
• Inadequate Oral Instructions & Counseling To Encourage Adherence
• Treatments or Instructions That Do Not Consider The Patient’s Beliefs , Environment, or
Culture

18. END
Prepared By
‫أعداد‬
‫د‬.‫صموئيل‬ ‫باترس‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫قسم‬
Dr. Gismalla P. Odongi ‫الصيدلة‬ ‫قسم‬
Pharmacy Department ‫راجا‬ ‫مستشفى‬
Raja Hospital
Good Luck