8. Introduction to coastal resource management (CRM) and the
CRM planning process
• Coastal resource management (CRM) is
first and foremost about addressing
varied, wide-ranging and often
interconnected issues that directly or
indirectly impact coastal areas.
• CRM provides the tools for slowing
down, if not reversing the negative
impacts of uncontrolled use of these
resources.
9. • CRM is best accomplished by a
participatory process of planning,
implementing and monitoring
sustainable uses of coastal resources
through collective action and sound
decision-making
• By involving resource users and
focusing on local level responsibility,
the communities have more
ownership of the resources, issues
and problems and their
corresponding solutions.
10. Key issues addressed by CRM
• Degradation of coastal habitats
• Open access to fishery resources
• Increased fishing pressure to
unsustainable levels
• Destructive/illegal fishing practices
• Coastal law enforcement
• Loss of marine biodiversity
• Inappropriate tourism and
coastal/shoreline development
practices
• Resource use conflict
11. Involving communities in CRM
It is important to recognize that local
fishers and community members are the real
day-to-day managers of coastal resources and
nearshore fisheries. Major activities that
involve communities in the CRM process:
• Identification of stakeholders and
formation of partnerships
• Community organization and mobilization
• Community participation in the planning
process
• Information, education and communication
(IEC)
12. COASTAL RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT PLANNING CRM
• a participatory process of planning,
implementing, and monitoring
sustainable uses of coastal resources
through collective action and sound
decision-making. Planning at all
levels of local government, including
barangay, municipal, city, and
provincial, is essential in guiding
regular and appropriate investments
in CRM.
13. The Five Phases in the CRM Planning
Process
Phase 1: Issue Identification and
Baseline Assessment - issue
identification and baseline assessment,
is an essential first step in any municipal
CRM program.
Phase 2: CRM Plan Preparation and
Adoption - A municipal CRM plan
charts the course of future activities and
serves as a guide for managers to direct
annual and day-to-day activities and to
foster informed decision-making.
14. Phase 3: Action Plan and Project
Implementation - The strategies and
actions articulated in the CRM plan are
implemented through specific municipal
programs and actions. Monitoring and
evaluation is the fourth and very critical
phase of the CRM process as adapted for
Philippine LGUs.
Phase 4: Monitoring and Evaluation -
the effectiveness of municipal CRM
plans and programs are reviewed and
assessed against benchmarks of
performance and best practices.
15. Phase 5: Information
Management, Education,
and Outreach - The results
of annual monitoring and
evaluation are used as a basis
for updating the Municipal
Coastal Database (MCD) and
as input to education and
outreach programs.
16. Overall, successful implementation of CRM
plans has several characteristics in common
including (White 1997):
• Active participation of key stakeholders;
• Relevant baseline information about human
activities affecting the coastal environment;
• Understood and supported by government
officials, resource user groups, and other
stakeholders;
• Flexible enough to allow for adaptions to
changing sociopoliticial conditions;
• Resolution of conflicts among key
stakeholders;
• Organized to insure a continuing
management effort; and
• Designed to provide measurable results
17. CONSTITUENCY BUILDING
CRM constituencies are defined as the
components that comprise the whole
ecosystem of relationship building
between business and its consumers. It
remains extended to third parties providing
technical and management support.
The CRM process is best facilitated
through effective community organizing.
Though community organizing is
primarily the responsibility of the
community worker or organizer (CO), it is
in the end a collaborative effort among all
members of the community.
18. Six major stages in the
community organizing process
1. Social Preparation - involves
building awareness in the community about
the importance of CRM. It includes activities
which are undertaken before the entry of the
CO into the management area:
• Training of the community organizer in
CRM principles;
• Establishment of criteria for site selection;
• Gathering of secondary data; and
• Logistics and administrative preparations
19. 2. Integration - the CO moves into the
area and immerses himself or herself in
community life in order to gather, from
community members themselves, the
information he or she needs to organize
the community. Activities include:
• Courtesy calls on community leaders
to seek support for CRM
• Data gathering using participatory
approaches;
• Identification of existing and potential
leaders;
• Formation of a CRM core group; and
• Evaluation of the activities of CRM
core group.
20. 3. Mobilization - includes:
• Community planning and implementation
(organizing fisher associations or
cooperatives);
• Leadership formation training and team
building;
• Cross-visits to successful CRM areas;
• Economic and livelihood generation projects;
• Conflict resolution and problem-solving;
• Skills training and development in CRM;
• Establishment of resource management
structures to serve as a framework for the
implementation of the management area;
• Advocacy and social mobilization to rally
support for CRM; and
• Formalizing the CRM organization to pave the
way for legislation for CRM
21. 4. Organizational Strengthening - involves:
• Training of leaders and trainers in
community organizing;
• Networking and building alliances with other
organizations;
• Strengthening socio-economic services and
organizations
5. Evaluation and Monitoring - Evaluation
involves the review of past conditions prior to
plan implementation, assessment of the current
situation during implementation and making
recommendations to influence future scenarios
based on actual experience and conditions.
22. 6. Phase-out/Termination Phase - that
stage when the goals set by the community
and the CO have been achieved and the
CO starts to withdraw from the
community. A formal community turn-
over may highlight the phasing out of the
CO from the community.
