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July 15, 2016 1
Beyond Risk Mitigation:
Supporting the Female Traveler
Enterprise Support Services – Global Rescue
July 15, 2016
• Provide a holistic approach to identifying and mitigating personal travel risks
for women
• Highlight key areas where risks can materialize and provide insights on how
to meet those challenges from the perspective of the woman traveler
• Explore how your organization can prepare and support the trips of your
female travelers
• Identify best practices to provide proactive support
July 15, 2016 2
Today’s Objectives
Natural Disaster Locations 2014
Trends in Global Events: Natural Disasters
Be Prepared for the Anticipated & Unanticipated Event
Data from the UN and Munich RE
Natural Disasters 1900 – 2014
July 15, 2016 3
Terrorist Attacks 1970 – 2014
Trends in Global Events: Terrorism
Data from the Global Terrorism Database
Global Terrorism Database (http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/features/GTD-Data-Rivers.aspx);
Locations Terrorist Attacks 2014
July 15, 2016 4
Trends in Global Events: Disease
Boston Children’s Hospital: Healthmap; http://www.healthmap.org/en/
Global Disease Outbreak Alerts (week of 11/22/15)
July 15, 2016 5
July 15, 2016 6
The Need for Preparedness
Duty of Care is the obligation that an organization has to provide its stakeholders with the necessary information,
resources, and reasonable care to ensure their health, safety, and security. Employees need to be aware of the risks
that they may face and associated liability in face of emerging situations or crises.
Duty of Loyalty is a person’s actions that support one’s own welfare and a responsibility to your
institution.
July 15, 2016 7
Duty of Care: A Two-Way Street
Meeting Duty of Care Obligations
Jury awards $42 Million for Tick Disease
Hotchkiss School found negligent of:
• failing to warn students danger of insect-
transmitted diseases in China
• failing to ensure students took insect bite
precautions
• failing to include medical personnel on the
trip
• failing to make advance arrangements to
return any injured or ill students to home
• failing to prepare for and effectively respond
to a medical crisis
Duty of Care is the legal
obligation an organization
has to provide its
stakeholders with the
necessary information,
resources, and reasonable
care to ensure their health,
safety, and security.
Negligence
July 15, 2016 8
It Can Happen
July 15, 2016 9
The press reflects violent situations experienced by women
July 15, 2016 10
The Need for Preparedness
December 2014 A female business traveler, returning from a dinner engagement, was
raped by her driver
July 2013 A Norwegian woman was raped; then jailed for having unlawful sex in
Dubai
February 2013 A female Italian tourist was raped by police officers in Mexico
February 2013 New Yorker and first time international traveler was found dead in
Istanbul. A Turkish man has confessed to murder after he tried to kiss
her
2012-2013 310 British women travelers requested assistance, with 138 citing rape
and 172 citing sexual assaults
July 15, 2016 11
Setting A Course for Success:
Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel
July 15, 2016 12
What Are The Risks of
(Extended) Travel?
How Does Our In-
Country Infrastructure
Contribute to Risk?
How Do We Create A
Culture of Sustained
Wellbeing?
How Can A Cultural
Immersion Mentality
Impact Risk?
Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel
What Are The Risks of
(Extended) Travel?
• Day to day risks
• Mindset changes during elongated trips
• Acclimatization for road warriors
• Failure to meet travel policies
July 15, 2016 13
Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel
How Does Our In-
Country Infrastructure
Contribute to Risk?
• What is the in country viewpoint of the home country?
• How is the company viewed?
• Are the actions of the country increasing risk?
July 15, 2016 14
Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel
How Do We Create A
Culture of Sustained
Wellbeing?
• What steps can the company take to ensure the
traveler is properly supported?
• Does the current travel policy take into consideration
the risks the traveler may experience while traveling?
• Is the company properly training the traveler?
July 15, 2016 15
Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel
How Can A Cultural
Immersion Mentality
Impact Risk?
• Can the traveler have too little or too much cultural
understanding/immersion?
• Are they culturally aware and security cognizant?
• Are tailored training/travel programs warranted?
July 15, 2016 16
Profile of Traveler(s)
• Level of Travel Experience
• Physical Ability
• Activity
• Risk Tolerance
• Pace
• Challenges/Issues
July 15, 2016 17
Knowing What to Expect Abroad:
• Preparing your female travelers’ mindsets is where it all starts and ends. Benefits and risks can stem
and ultimately end with what is done during this pre-departure phase.
• Know your female traveler’s profiles, capabilities and risk threshold. Assess specific risks: travel
experience, language capabilities, medical issues, and local knowledge.
• Resource identification – both in home country and the destination(s) to put plans in place. Using
these resources allows you to gain better insight into the specific challenges each country presents.
• Establish a protocol for how to deal with sexual assault prior to travel and educate female travelers.
July 15, 2016 18
The Pre-Departure Mindset
Possible
Resources
Government
Resources
Local Colleagues Risk Management Provider Local News
Knowing What to Expect Abroad:
• That victimization abroad generates unique consequences.
• Recognize that providing effective services demands a
perspective unlike that for cases in the U.S.
• Suspend the assumption that prior strategies and methods
will continue to be successful.
• Adopt a broad, creative approach to collaborating with
new agencies and organizations to gain access to diverse
information and resources.
July 15, 2016 19
The Company Mindset
Knowing What to Expect Abroad:
• Isolation
• Culture Shock
• Language Barriers
• Travel Stress
• Lack of familiar social supports
July 15, 2016 20
The Victim Mindset/Experience
Knowing What to Expect Abroad:
Train Your Travelers to Pack the Tools
• Essential Documents
• Proper Communication Protocols
• Essential local contact information and emergency
numbers including: car services, hotel, embassy, local
office, 911 equivalent
• Pre – Trip Assessments and Education
• Destination Reports, Medical and Security Assessments
Attention
Adaptability
Attitude
The tools essential to a successful trip are both mental and physical.
July 15, 2016 21
Safety on the Ground:
Out and About: Situational Awareness
She must be her own best asset
July 15, 2016 22
What to Expect Abroad
Safety Considerations for Women Travelers
Pre-Trip:
Pre-Trip assessments
Destination Intelligence Reports
• Country and city overviews, news and real-time alerts
• Security ratings based on instability, terrorism, criminal activity and police conduct
• Information on business conduct, transportation, hotels, currency exchange rates,
holidays and cultural advice
• International calling codes to dial from one country to another
• Required travel documents and vaccinations based itinerary and personal details
Cultural Awareness: norms, values, and customs
Pre- travel training delivered by another seasoned female traveler on staff
July 15, 2016 23
What to Expect Abroad
Safety Considerations for Women Travelers
During trip:
• Arrange for reliable transportation from airport prior to arrival
• Sit in the back seat and behind the driver at all times
• Book and check in using only first initial and surname – avoid titles (Ms., Miss or Mrs.)
• Bring a door stopper to keep out intruders
• Request a room near the hotel lobby to avoid walking down a long corridor
• Wear low key culturally appropriate attire
• Always maintain an exit/egress plan
• Pre-program into your cell phone emergency numbers
• Knowledge of local laws and Standards (LGBT, sexual relations, sexual assault, travelling
alone, communication between men & women)
• Pack prophylactics and morning after pill
July 15, 2016 24
What to Expect Abroad
Safety Considerations for Women Travelers
Avoid scenarios that may drug you
• Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers.
• Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new
acquaintances.
• If you begin to feel strange, sick, or intoxicated for no obvious reason, ask
a friend or someone you trust to take you to a safe place. If you’re alone,
call the local police.
Avoid isolated situations that could put you at risk.
• Transportation: On a bus or train, sit next to someone of your own sex. In
a taxi, sit in the back behind the driver. Avoid travelling in train carriages
where you’re the only passenger.
• On Foot: Never go walking, jogging, or sightseeing alone in secluded
areas, especially at night
• Travel early in the day, so you’ll have time to reach your hotel before dark
If in danger, do not be afraid to make a scene.
• In many cultures people wish to mind their own business and not get
involved in a potential assault.
July 15, 2016 25
Safety on the Ground:
One of the major challenges while traveling abroad
• Few shelters abroad are equipped to
serve US Citizens
• Helping the victim feel and remain safe
is a crucial step in providing
comprehensive assistance.
FACTORS RISK MITIGATION
• Ensure the victim is in a safe location
• Contact, or encourage victims to contact, nearest U.S.
Embassy, consulate, or consular agency.
• Offer to contact family members, friends, or others in
the U.S. or elsewhere
• Coordinate services for the victim
• Assure victim’s confidentiality
• Coordinate safe lodging for the victim if needed
• Provide the victim with a means to communicate to you
and encourage them to contact you if they need any
assistance
July 15, 2016 26
Victim Support:
• Contact the nearest embassy or consulate for assistance in obtaining prompt and appropriate medical care.
• For the best results medical care needs to occur within 72 hours of the assault
• Contact your TRM provider to help facilitate in finding hospitals or clinics which can provide the
appropriate level of care.
• Determine whether forensic examinations are carried out routinely in the country and who typically
performs them, forensic exams can be especially traumatic for victims of sexual assault.
• Help arraign for transportation to another facility or country
if religious beliefs prevent proper care.
• Help assist with ongoing care for the victim:
• Medical
• Psychological
• Social Worker
July 15, 2016 27
Looking Towards Home:
Ensuring the care and support continues
This part of the journey can be the most difficult as her stress, emotional
and physical pain can be severe.
July 15, 2016 28
How Other Organizations are Preparing Women Travelers
Financial institution held 4 hour training class for all travelers
going abroad in next few months.
A large organization posted job requisition for a fulltime
employee to manage women’s travel abroad.
A major pharmaceutical company leveraged a video that all
women travelers could view specific scenarios and
recommended responses.
What do these organizations have in common?
They have created support and materials that their female
employees/contractors/students will use!
July 15, 2016 29
Overseas Resources
Mitigating Female Travel Risk
Your Organization:
• TRM Policies and protocols
• EAP established and updated
• Training and consulting to the traveler
• 3rd Party TRM company
Resources:
Passport to Safer Travel
United States Attorney's Office
District of Vermont
www.justice.gov/usao/vt
U.S. Department of Justice
Office for Victims of Crime
www.ovc.gov
U.S. Department of Justice
Office for Victims of Crime
Homicide Support
www.ovc.gov/help/hv.htm
U.S. Department of State
Bureau of Consular Affairs, Office of Overseas Citizens
Services
http://travel.state.gov
National Sexual Violence Resource Center
www.nsvrc.org
Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network
www.rainn.org
July 15, 2016 30
National Sexual Assault Hotline: 800-656-4673
American Psychiatric Association
http://healthyminds.org
Association of Traumatic Stress Specialists
www.atss.info
U.S. Department of Justice
Office on Violence Against Women
(Contact information for state sexual assault coalitions)
www.ovw.usdoj.gov/
Situational Awareness: for the Traveler
• Information/Intelligence
• Pre-trip
• During the trip
Sources:
• Government websites (U.S. State Dept.,
British FCO, Australian Smart Traveler, etc.)
• Embassies (RSOs, Consular offices)
• Travel websites (TripAdvisor, WikiTravel, etc.)
• CDC, the WHO
• Your TRM provider
July 15, 2016 31
July 15, 2016 32

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Supporting the Female Traveler

  • 1. July 15, 2016 1 Beyond Risk Mitigation: Supporting the Female Traveler Enterprise Support Services – Global Rescue July 15, 2016
  • 2. • Provide a holistic approach to identifying and mitigating personal travel risks for women • Highlight key areas where risks can materialize and provide insights on how to meet those challenges from the perspective of the woman traveler • Explore how your organization can prepare and support the trips of your female travelers • Identify best practices to provide proactive support July 15, 2016 2 Today’s Objectives
  • 3. Natural Disaster Locations 2014 Trends in Global Events: Natural Disasters Be Prepared for the Anticipated & Unanticipated Event Data from the UN and Munich RE Natural Disasters 1900 – 2014 July 15, 2016 3
  • 4. Terrorist Attacks 1970 – 2014 Trends in Global Events: Terrorism Data from the Global Terrorism Database Global Terrorism Database (http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/features/GTD-Data-Rivers.aspx); Locations Terrorist Attacks 2014 July 15, 2016 4
  • 5. Trends in Global Events: Disease Boston Children’s Hospital: Healthmap; http://www.healthmap.org/en/ Global Disease Outbreak Alerts (week of 11/22/15) July 15, 2016 5
  • 7. The Need for Preparedness Duty of Care is the obligation that an organization has to provide its stakeholders with the necessary information, resources, and reasonable care to ensure their health, safety, and security. Employees need to be aware of the risks that they may face and associated liability in face of emerging situations or crises. Duty of Loyalty is a person’s actions that support one’s own welfare and a responsibility to your institution. July 15, 2016 7 Duty of Care: A Two-Way Street
  • 8. Meeting Duty of Care Obligations Jury awards $42 Million for Tick Disease Hotchkiss School found negligent of: • failing to warn students danger of insect- transmitted diseases in China • failing to ensure students took insect bite precautions • failing to include medical personnel on the trip • failing to make advance arrangements to return any injured or ill students to home • failing to prepare for and effectively respond to a medical crisis Duty of Care is the legal obligation an organization has to provide its stakeholders with the necessary information, resources, and reasonable care to ensure their health, safety, and security. Negligence July 15, 2016 8
  • 9. It Can Happen July 15, 2016 9
  • 10. The press reflects violent situations experienced by women July 15, 2016 10 The Need for Preparedness December 2014 A female business traveler, returning from a dinner engagement, was raped by her driver July 2013 A Norwegian woman was raped; then jailed for having unlawful sex in Dubai February 2013 A female Italian tourist was raped by police officers in Mexico February 2013 New Yorker and first time international traveler was found dead in Istanbul. A Turkish man has confessed to murder after he tried to kiss her 2012-2013 310 British women travelers requested assistance, with 138 citing rape and 172 citing sexual assaults
  • 12. Setting A Course for Success: Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel July 15, 2016 12 What Are The Risks of (Extended) Travel? How Does Our In- Country Infrastructure Contribute to Risk? How Do We Create A Culture of Sustained Wellbeing? How Can A Cultural Immersion Mentality Impact Risk?
  • 13. Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel What Are The Risks of (Extended) Travel? • Day to day risks • Mindset changes during elongated trips • Acclimatization for road warriors • Failure to meet travel policies July 15, 2016 13
  • 14. Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel How Does Our In- Country Infrastructure Contribute to Risk? • What is the in country viewpoint of the home country? • How is the company viewed? • Are the actions of the country increasing risk? July 15, 2016 14
  • 15. Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel How Do We Create A Culture of Sustained Wellbeing? • What steps can the company take to ensure the traveler is properly supported? • Does the current travel policy take into consideration the risks the traveler may experience while traveling? • Is the company properly training the traveler? July 15, 2016 15
  • 16. Identifying the risk of a trip or extended duration travel How Can A Cultural Immersion Mentality Impact Risk? • Can the traveler have too little or too much cultural understanding/immersion? • Are they culturally aware and security cognizant? • Are tailored training/travel programs warranted? July 15, 2016 16
  • 17. Profile of Traveler(s) • Level of Travel Experience • Physical Ability • Activity • Risk Tolerance • Pace • Challenges/Issues July 15, 2016 17
  • 18. Knowing What to Expect Abroad: • Preparing your female travelers’ mindsets is where it all starts and ends. Benefits and risks can stem and ultimately end with what is done during this pre-departure phase. • Know your female traveler’s profiles, capabilities and risk threshold. Assess specific risks: travel experience, language capabilities, medical issues, and local knowledge. • Resource identification – both in home country and the destination(s) to put plans in place. Using these resources allows you to gain better insight into the specific challenges each country presents. • Establish a protocol for how to deal with sexual assault prior to travel and educate female travelers. July 15, 2016 18 The Pre-Departure Mindset Possible Resources Government Resources Local Colleagues Risk Management Provider Local News
  • 19. Knowing What to Expect Abroad: • That victimization abroad generates unique consequences. • Recognize that providing effective services demands a perspective unlike that for cases in the U.S. • Suspend the assumption that prior strategies and methods will continue to be successful. • Adopt a broad, creative approach to collaborating with new agencies and organizations to gain access to diverse information and resources. July 15, 2016 19 The Company Mindset
  • 20. Knowing What to Expect Abroad: • Isolation • Culture Shock • Language Barriers • Travel Stress • Lack of familiar social supports July 15, 2016 20 The Victim Mindset/Experience
  • 21. Knowing What to Expect Abroad: Train Your Travelers to Pack the Tools • Essential Documents • Proper Communication Protocols • Essential local contact information and emergency numbers including: car services, hotel, embassy, local office, 911 equivalent • Pre – Trip Assessments and Education • Destination Reports, Medical and Security Assessments Attention Adaptability Attitude The tools essential to a successful trip are both mental and physical. July 15, 2016 21
  • 22. Safety on the Ground: Out and About: Situational Awareness She must be her own best asset July 15, 2016 22
  • 23. What to Expect Abroad Safety Considerations for Women Travelers Pre-Trip: Pre-Trip assessments Destination Intelligence Reports • Country and city overviews, news and real-time alerts • Security ratings based on instability, terrorism, criminal activity and police conduct • Information on business conduct, transportation, hotels, currency exchange rates, holidays and cultural advice • International calling codes to dial from one country to another • Required travel documents and vaccinations based itinerary and personal details Cultural Awareness: norms, values, and customs Pre- travel training delivered by another seasoned female traveler on staff July 15, 2016 23
  • 24. What to Expect Abroad Safety Considerations for Women Travelers During trip: • Arrange for reliable transportation from airport prior to arrival • Sit in the back seat and behind the driver at all times • Book and check in using only first initial and surname – avoid titles (Ms., Miss or Mrs.) • Bring a door stopper to keep out intruders • Request a room near the hotel lobby to avoid walking down a long corridor • Wear low key culturally appropriate attire • Always maintain an exit/egress plan • Pre-program into your cell phone emergency numbers • Knowledge of local laws and Standards (LGBT, sexual relations, sexual assault, travelling alone, communication between men & women) • Pack prophylactics and morning after pill July 15, 2016 24
  • 25. What to Expect Abroad Safety Considerations for Women Travelers Avoid scenarios that may drug you • Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. • Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. • If you begin to feel strange, sick, or intoxicated for no obvious reason, ask a friend or someone you trust to take you to a safe place. If you’re alone, call the local police. Avoid isolated situations that could put you at risk. • Transportation: On a bus or train, sit next to someone of your own sex. In a taxi, sit in the back behind the driver. Avoid travelling in train carriages where you’re the only passenger. • On Foot: Never go walking, jogging, or sightseeing alone in secluded areas, especially at night • Travel early in the day, so you’ll have time to reach your hotel before dark If in danger, do not be afraid to make a scene. • In many cultures people wish to mind their own business and not get involved in a potential assault. July 15, 2016 25
  • 26. Safety on the Ground: One of the major challenges while traveling abroad • Few shelters abroad are equipped to serve US Citizens • Helping the victim feel and remain safe is a crucial step in providing comprehensive assistance. FACTORS RISK MITIGATION • Ensure the victim is in a safe location • Contact, or encourage victims to contact, nearest U.S. Embassy, consulate, or consular agency. • Offer to contact family members, friends, or others in the U.S. or elsewhere • Coordinate services for the victim • Assure victim’s confidentiality • Coordinate safe lodging for the victim if needed • Provide the victim with a means to communicate to you and encourage them to contact you if they need any assistance July 15, 2016 26
  • 27. Victim Support: • Contact the nearest embassy or consulate for assistance in obtaining prompt and appropriate medical care. • For the best results medical care needs to occur within 72 hours of the assault • Contact your TRM provider to help facilitate in finding hospitals or clinics which can provide the appropriate level of care. • Determine whether forensic examinations are carried out routinely in the country and who typically performs them, forensic exams can be especially traumatic for victims of sexual assault. • Help arraign for transportation to another facility or country if religious beliefs prevent proper care. • Help assist with ongoing care for the victim: • Medical • Psychological • Social Worker July 15, 2016 27
  • 28. Looking Towards Home: Ensuring the care and support continues This part of the journey can be the most difficult as her stress, emotional and physical pain can be severe. July 15, 2016 28
  • 29. How Other Organizations are Preparing Women Travelers Financial institution held 4 hour training class for all travelers going abroad in next few months. A large organization posted job requisition for a fulltime employee to manage women’s travel abroad. A major pharmaceutical company leveraged a video that all women travelers could view specific scenarios and recommended responses. What do these organizations have in common? They have created support and materials that their female employees/contractors/students will use! July 15, 2016 29
  • 30. Overseas Resources Mitigating Female Travel Risk Your Organization: • TRM Policies and protocols • EAP established and updated • Training and consulting to the traveler • 3rd Party TRM company Resources: Passport to Safer Travel United States Attorney's Office District of Vermont www.justice.gov/usao/vt U.S. Department of Justice Office for Victims of Crime www.ovc.gov U.S. Department of Justice Office for Victims of Crime Homicide Support www.ovc.gov/help/hv.htm U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs, Office of Overseas Citizens Services http://travel.state.gov National Sexual Violence Resource Center www.nsvrc.org Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network www.rainn.org July 15, 2016 30 National Sexual Assault Hotline: 800-656-4673 American Psychiatric Association http://healthyminds.org Association of Traumatic Stress Specialists www.atss.info U.S. Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women (Contact information for state sexual assault coalitions) www.ovw.usdoj.gov/
  • 31. Situational Awareness: for the Traveler • Information/Intelligence • Pre-trip • During the trip Sources: • Government websites (U.S. State Dept., British FCO, Australian Smart Traveler, etc.) • Embassies (RSOs, Consular offices) • Travel websites (TripAdvisor, WikiTravel, etc.) • CDC, the WHO • Your TRM provider July 15, 2016 31

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. I Intl business travel will increase 4-9% per year for the foreseeable future. Businesses expand into new markets, seek cheaper labor, otherwise develop intl presence. Travel comes with inherent risks: 1 out of 12 (8%) of travelers will seek care Travel comes with inherent risks: 1 out of 12 (8%) of travelers will seek care Orgs have an obligation to protect travelers – Duty of Care. Failure to do so will result in liability, and potentially criminal charges and devastating fines (UK Corporate Manslaughter Act of 2007)
  2. Intl business travel will increase 4-9% per year for the foreseeable future. Businesses expand into new markets, seek cheaper labor, otherwise develop intl presence. Travel comes with inherent risks: 1 out of 12 (8%) of travelers will seek care Travel comes with inherent risks: 1 out of 12 (8%) of travelers will seek care Orgs have an obligation to protect travelers – Duty of Care. Failure to do so will result in liability, and potentially criminal charges and devastating fines (UK Corporate Manslaughter Act of 2007)
  3. Hotchkiss was negligent due to their failure to: Provide appropriate medical personnel/resources to participants (10.41.c) Employ protocols/resources for timely evacuation of sick or injured students (10.41.d) Employ protocols for medical emergencies, parental notification, evacuation (10.41.f) Additional facts Hotchkiss’ Study Abroad Director testified he was aware of the risks of tick borne illness Munn’s parents were not notified timely so they could intervene Lack of preparedness resulted in delay and inability to evacuate
  4. Hotchkiss was negligent due to their failure to: Provide appropriate medical personnel/resources to participants (10.41.c) Employ protocols/resources for timely evacuation of sick or injured students (10.41.d) Employ protocols for medical emergencies, parental notification, evacuation (10.41.f) Additional facts Hotchkiss’ Study Abroad Director testified he was aware of the risks of tick borne illness Munn’s parents were not notified timely so they could intervene Lack of preparedness resulted in delay and inability to evacuate
  5. Hotchkiss was negligent due to their failure to: Provide appropriate medical personnel/resources to participants (10.41.c) Employ protocols/resources for timely evacuation of sick or injured students (10.41.d) Employ protocols for medical emergencies, parental notification, evacuation (10.41.f) Additional facts Hotchkiss’ Study Abroad Director testified he was aware of the risks of tick borne illness Munn’s parents were not notified timely so they could intervene Lack of preparedness resulted in delay and inability to evacuate
  6. Hotchkiss was negligent due to their failure to: Provide appropriate medical personnel/resources to participants (10.41.c) Employ protocols/resources for timely evacuation of sick or injured students (10.41.d) Employ protocols for medical emergencies, parental notification, evacuation (10.41.f) Additional facts Hotchkiss’ Study Abroad Director testified he was aware of the risks of tick borne illness Munn’s parents were not notified timely so they could intervene Lack of preparedness resulted in delay and inability to evacuate