SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  11
Contents:
 New Products
 New Product Categories
 New Product Development Process
 Product Development Strategies
 A new product that opens entirely new
market
 A product that adopts/replaces existing
product
 Significantly broadens market for existing
product
 Old product introduced in new markets
 Old product packaged in different way
 Old product marketed in different way
 Innovative Products
 New Product Lines
 Addition to Product Lines (line extension)
 Improvement/Revision of existing product
 Reposition product
 Cost reduction
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
• IDEA GENERATION
• IDEA SCREENING
• CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT & TESTING
• BUSINESS ANALYSIS
• PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
• TEST MARKETING
• COMMERCIALIZATION
• REVIEW OF MARKET PERFORMANCE
PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGIES
POSITIONING STRATEGIES
• Impulse Purchase Items
• Daily Use Items
• Speciality Items
• Consumer Durables
• Industrial Products
POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
• By Product Attributes
• By Distinct benefit to users
• By specific usage
• For a user category or application
• By product class associated
• By price/quality
• By lifestyle of users
• By reference groups
PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES
• By product features
• By performance quality
• Exclusivity and style
• Design
• Product range and variety
• Service Quality
• Packaging
New product development

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Value Proposition Design
Value Proposition DesignValue Proposition Design
Value Proposition DesignYves Pigneur
 
Getting to Product Market Fit - An Overview of Customer Discovery & Validation
Getting to Product Market Fit - An Overview of Customer Discovery & ValidationGetting to Product Market Fit - An Overview of Customer Discovery & Validation
Getting to Product Market Fit - An Overview of Customer Discovery & ValidationJason Evanish
 
New product development
New product developmentNew product development
New product development01626555333
 
New product development
New product developmentNew product development
New product developmentManish Parihar
 
Product Management Roles - Briefly Explained
Product Management Roles - Briefly ExplainedProduct Management Roles - Briefly Explained
Product Management Roles - Briefly ExplainedBrainmates Pty Limited
 
new-product-development-process
new-product-development-processnew-product-development-process
new-product-development-processarunalapati
 
Product Strategy
Product StrategyProduct Strategy
Product StrategyMike Chowla
 
Product strategy
Product strategyProduct strategy
Product strategyrajeev roy
 
New product development strategy
New product development strategyNew product development strategy
New product development strategyshrinivas kulkarni
 
Product planing and development
Product planing and development Product planing and development
Product planing and development Ranjani Witted
 
Innovation and new product development strategy
Innovation and new product development strategyInnovation and new product development strategy
Innovation and new product development strategyAthiraKrishnakumar3
 
The product development Process (2)
The product development Process (2)The product development Process (2)
The product development Process (2)Murray Hunter
 
Lean startup, customer development, and the business model canvas
Lean startup, customer development, and the business model canvasLean startup, customer development, and the business model canvas
Lean startup, customer development, and the business model canvasgistinitiative
 
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.Ashray Patil
 
Strategic brand management by kevin lane keller
Strategic brand management by kevin lane kellerStrategic brand management by kevin lane keller
Strategic brand management by kevin lane kellerMirza Md. Ileush
 
Business Model Canvas 101
Business Model Canvas 101Business Model Canvas 101
Business Model Canvas 101Emad Saif
 
New product developement
New product developementNew product developement
New product developementMadiha Ahmed
 

Tendances (20)

Value Proposition Design
Value Proposition DesignValue Proposition Design
Value Proposition Design
 
What is Product Management?
What is Product Management?What is Product Management?
What is Product Management?
 
Getting to Product Market Fit - An Overview of Customer Discovery & Validation
Getting to Product Market Fit - An Overview of Customer Discovery & ValidationGetting to Product Market Fit - An Overview of Customer Discovery & Validation
Getting to Product Market Fit - An Overview of Customer Discovery & Validation
 
New product development
New product developmentNew product development
New product development
 
New product development
New product developmentNew product development
New product development
 
Product Management Roles - Briefly Explained
Product Management Roles - Briefly ExplainedProduct Management Roles - Briefly Explained
Product Management Roles - Briefly Explained
 
new-product-development-process
new-product-development-processnew-product-development-process
new-product-development-process
 
Product Strategy
Product StrategyProduct Strategy
Product Strategy
 
Product strategy
Product strategyProduct strategy
Product strategy
 
Product Development
Product DevelopmentProduct Development
Product Development
 
New product development strategy
New product development strategyNew product development strategy
New product development strategy
 
Product planing and development
Product planing and development Product planing and development
Product planing and development
 
Innovation and new product development strategy
Innovation and new product development strategyInnovation and new product development strategy
Innovation and new product development strategy
 
The product development Process (2)
The product development Process (2)The product development Process (2)
The product development Process (2)
 
Lean startup, customer development, and the business model canvas
Lean startup, customer development, and the business model canvasLean startup, customer development, and the business model canvas
Lean startup, customer development, and the business model canvas
 
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.
 
Strategic brand management by kevin lane keller
Strategic brand management by kevin lane kellerStrategic brand management by kevin lane keller
Strategic brand management by kevin lane keller
 
Business Model Canvas 101
Business Model Canvas 101Business Model Canvas 101
Business Model Canvas 101
 
New product developement
New product developementNew product developement
New product developement
 
Product Management
Product ManagementProduct Management
Product Management
 

Similaire à New product development

product deveopment.pptx
product deveopment.pptxproduct deveopment.pptx
product deveopment.pptxleenashiju2
 
Developing and ManagingProductsUnrestricted• Sus.docx
Developing and ManagingProductsUnrestricted• Sus.docxDeveloping and ManagingProductsUnrestricted• Sus.docx
Developing and ManagingProductsUnrestricted• Sus.docxhcheryl1
 
Marketing - Products
Marketing - ProductsMarketing - Products
Marketing - Productstutor2u
 
industrial relations
industrial relationsindustrial relations
industrial relationsshuchi mathur
 
New Product Development & Product Life Cycle Strategies - Marketing
New Product Development & Product Life Cycle Strategies - MarketingNew Product Development & Product Life Cycle Strategies - Marketing
New Product Development & Product Life Cycle Strategies - MarketingFaHaD .H. NooR
 
product life cycle
product life cycleproduct life cycle
product life cyclenarman1402
 
Planning for new product
Planning for new productPlanning for new product
Planning for new productMahi Soni
 
New product development startegies
New product development startegiesNew product development startegies
New product development startegiesRamil Jabbarov
 
Product management
Product managementProduct management
Product managementAbdu Nasir H
 
Marketing - Product Life Cycle
Marketing - Product Life CycleMarketing - Product Life Cycle
Marketing - Product Life Cycletutor2u
 
DIFFERENT RANGES OF FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT .pdf
DIFFERENT RANGES OF FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT .pdfDIFFERENT RANGES OF FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT .pdf
DIFFERENT RANGES OF FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT .pdfHABIB WAHAB
 
Bsbmkg502 b – session i ib
Bsbmkg502 b – session i ibBsbmkg502 b – session i ib
Bsbmkg502 b – session i ibSkript
 
M9 L1 Products and Services That Make Up the Product Mix
M9 L1 Products and Services That Make Up the Product MixM9 L1 Products and Services That Make Up the Product Mix
M9 L1 Products and Services That Make Up the Product MixNCVPS
 
ajaykumarta-Unit 4 product & price
ajaykumarta-Unit   4 product & priceajaykumarta-Unit   4 product & price
ajaykumarta-Unit 4 product & priceajay kumarta
 
Product Mix and Product Classification by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
Product Mix and Product Classification by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )Product Mix and Product Classification by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
Product Mix and Product Classification by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )Neeraj Bhandari
 

Similaire à New product development (20)

product deveopment.pptx
product deveopment.pptxproduct deveopment.pptx
product deveopment.pptx
 
Developing and ManagingProductsUnrestricted• Sus.docx
Developing and ManagingProductsUnrestricted• Sus.docxDeveloping and ManagingProductsUnrestricted• Sus.docx
Developing and ManagingProductsUnrestricted• Sus.docx
 
Marketing - Products
Marketing - ProductsMarketing - Products
Marketing - Products
 
industrial relations
industrial relationsindustrial relations
industrial relations
 
New Product Development & Product Life Cycle Strategies - Marketing
New Product Development & Product Life Cycle Strategies - MarketingNew Product Development & Product Life Cycle Strategies - Marketing
New Product Development & Product Life Cycle Strategies - Marketing
 
product life cycle
product life cycleproduct life cycle
product life cycle
 
Marketing mix
Marketing mixMarketing mix
Marketing mix
 
Planning for new product
Planning for new productPlanning for new product
Planning for new product
 
New product development startegies
New product development startegiesNew product development startegies
New product development startegies
 
Product management
Product managementProduct management
Product management
 
7. plc
7. plc7. plc
7. plc
 
Marketing - Product Life Cycle
Marketing - Product Life CycleMarketing - Product Life Cycle
Marketing - Product Life Cycle
 
New product and development
New product and developmentNew product and development
New product and development
 
Product life cycle
Product life cycleProduct life cycle
Product life cycle
 
DIFFERENT RANGES OF FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT .pdf
DIFFERENT RANGES OF FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT .pdfDIFFERENT RANGES OF FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT .pdf
DIFFERENT RANGES OF FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT .pdf
 
Bsbmkg502 b – session i ib
Bsbmkg502 b – session i ibBsbmkg502 b – session i ib
Bsbmkg502 b – session i ib
 
M9 L1 Products and Services That Make Up the Product Mix
M9 L1 Products and Services That Make Up the Product MixM9 L1 Products and Services That Make Up the Product Mix
M9 L1 Products and Services That Make Up the Product Mix
 
Categories of Innovation
Categories of InnovationCategories of Innovation
Categories of Innovation
 
ajaykumarta-Unit 4 product & price
ajaykumarta-Unit   4 product & priceajaykumarta-Unit   4 product & price
ajaykumarta-Unit 4 product & price
 
Product Mix and Product Classification by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
Product Mix and Product Classification by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )Product Mix and Product Classification by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
Product Mix and Product Classification by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
 

Plus de Gomini Gupta

Strategic Alliance
Strategic AllianceStrategic Alliance
Strategic AllianceGomini Gupta
 
Strategic training
Strategic trainingStrategic training
Strategic trainingGomini Gupta
 
Hr practices - marriott hotels
Hr practices - marriott hotelsHr practices - marriott hotels
Hr practices - marriott hotelsGomini Gupta
 
Walter And Gordan theories
Walter And Gordan theoriesWalter And Gordan theories
Walter And Gordan theoriesGomini Gupta
 
Retailing, Private Labels, Wholesaling & Market Logistics
Retailing, Private Labels, Wholesaling & Market LogisticsRetailing, Private Labels, Wholesaling & Market Logistics
Retailing, Private Labels, Wholesaling & Market LogisticsGomini Gupta
 
Direction as a management function
Direction as a management functionDirection as a management function
Direction as a management functionGomini Gupta
 
Nescafe 2014 ad stp analysis
Nescafe 2014 ad stp analysisNescafe 2014 ad stp analysis
Nescafe 2014 ad stp analysisGomini Gupta
 

Plus de Gomini Gupta (10)

Strategic Alliance
Strategic AllianceStrategic Alliance
Strategic Alliance
 
Fringe benefits
Fringe benefitsFringe benefits
Fringe benefits
 
Od consultancy
Od consultancyOd consultancy
Od consultancy
 
Strategic training
Strategic trainingStrategic training
Strategic training
 
Labour welfare
Labour welfareLabour welfare
Labour welfare
 
Hr practices - marriott hotels
Hr practices - marriott hotelsHr practices - marriott hotels
Hr practices - marriott hotels
 
Walter And Gordan theories
Walter And Gordan theoriesWalter And Gordan theories
Walter And Gordan theories
 
Retailing, Private Labels, Wholesaling & Market Logistics
Retailing, Private Labels, Wholesaling & Market LogisticsRetailing, Private Labels, Wholesaling & Market Logistics
Retailing, Private Labels, Wholesaling & Market Logistics
 
Direction as a management function
Direction as a management functionDirection as a management function
Direction as a management function
 
Nescafe 2014 ad stp analysis
Nescafe 2014 ad stp analysisNescafe 2014 ad stp analysis
Nescafe 2014 ad stp analysis
 

Dernier

BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceDelhi Call girls
 
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO SuccessBrighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO SuccessVarn
 
Netflix Ads The Game Changer in Video Ads – Who Needs YouTube.pptx (Chester Y...
Netflix Ads The Game Changer in Video Ads – Who Needs YouTube.pptx (Chester Y...Netflix Ads The Game Changer in Video Ads – Who Needs YouTube.pptx (Chester Y...
Netflix Ads The Game Changer in Video Ads – Who Needs YouTube.pptx (Chester Y...ChesterYang6
 
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?elizabethella096
 
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...Benjamin Szturmaj
 
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG complianceAvoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG complianceDamien ROBERT
 
Labour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptx
Labour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptxLabour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptx
Labour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptxelizabethella096
 
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best StrategiesGoogle 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best StrategiesSearch Engine Journal
 
BLOOM_April2024. Balmer Lawrie Online Monthly Bulletin
BLOOM_April2024. Balmer Lawrie Online Monthly BulletinBLOOM_April2024. Balmer Lawrie Online Monthly Bulletin
BLOOM_April2024. Balmer Lawrie Online Monthly BulletinBalmerLawrie
 
Brand experience Dream Center Peoria Presentation.pdf
Brand experience Dream Center Peoria Presentation.pdfBrand experience Dream Center Peoria Presentation.pdf
Brand experience Dream Center Peoria Presentation.pdftbatkhuu1
 
Situation Analysis | Management Company.
Situation Analysis | Management Company.Situation Analysis | Management Company.
Situation Analysis | Management Company.DanielaQuiroz63
 
How to Leverage Behavioral Science Insights for Direct Mail Success
How to Leverage Behavioral Science Insights for Direct Mail SuccessHow to Leverage Behavioral Science Insights for Direct Mail Success
How to Leverage Behavioral Science Insights for Direct Mail SuccessAggregage
 
Unraveling the Mystery of the Hinterkaifeck Murders.pptx
Unraveling the Mystery of the Hinterkaifeck Murders.pptxUnraveling the Mystery of the Hinterkaifeck Murders.pptx
Unraveling the Mystery of the Hinterkaifeck Murders.pptxelizabethella096
 
Marketing Management Presentation Final.pptx
Marketing Management Presentation Final.pptxMarketing Management Presentation Final.pptx
Marketing Management Presentation Final.pptxabhishekshetti14
 
Call Us ➥9654467111▻Call Girls In Delhi NCR
Call Us ➥9654467111▻Call Girls In Delhi NCRCall Us ➥9654467111▻Call Girls In Delhi NCR
Call Us ➥9654467111▻Call Girls In Delhi NCRSapana Sha
 

Dernier (20)

The Future of Brands on LinkedIn - Alison Kaltman
The Future of Brands on LinkedIn - Alison KaltmanThe Future of Brands on LinkedIn - Alison Kaltman
The Future of Brands on LinkedIn - Alison Kaltman
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
 
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO SuccessBrighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
 
Netflix Ads The Game Changer in Video Ads – Who Needs YouTube.pptx (Chester Y...
Netflix Ads The Game Changer in Video Ads – Who Needs YouTube.pptx (Chester Y...Netflix Ads The Game Changer in Video Ads – Who Needs YouTube.pptx (Chester Y...
Netflix Ads The Game Changer in Video Ads – Who Needs YouTube.pptx (Chester Y...
 
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
 
Generative AI Master Class - Generative AI, Unleash Creative Opportunity - Pe...
Generative AI Master Class - Generative AI, Unleash Creative Opportunity - Pe...Generative AI Master Class - Generative AI, Unleash Creative Opportunity - Pe...
Generative AI Master Class - Generative AI, Unleash Creative Opportunity - Pe...
 
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
 
Foundation First - Why Your Website and Content Matters - David Pisarek
Foundation First - Why Your Website and Content Matters - David PisarekFoundation First - Why Your Website and Content Matters - David Pisarek
Foundation First - Why Your Website and Content Matters - David Pisarek
 
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG complianceAvoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
 
Labour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptx
Labour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptxLabour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptx
Labour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptx
 
Brand Strategy Master Class - Juntae DeLane
Brand Strategy Master Class - Juntae DeLaneBrand Strategy Master Class - Juntae DeLane
Brand Strategy Master Class - Juntae DeLane
 
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best StrategiesGoogle 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
 
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel LeminTurn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
 
BLOOM_April2024. Balmer Lawrie Online Monthly Bulletin
BLOOM_April2024. Balmer Lawrie Online Monthly BulletinBLOOM_April2024. Balmer Lawrie Online Monthly Bulletin
BLOOM_April2024. Balmer Lawrie Online Monthly Bulletin
 
Brand experience Dream Center Peoria Presentation.pdf
Brand experience Dream Center Peoria Presentation.pdfBrand experience Dream Center Peoria Presentation.pdf
Brand experience Dream Center Peoria Presentation.pdf
 
Situation Analysis | Management Company.
Situation Analysis | Management Company.Situation Analysis | Management Company.
Situation Analysis | Management Company.
 
How to Leverage Behavioral Science Insights for Direct Mail Success
How to Leverage Behavioral Science Insights for Direct Mail SuccessHow to Leverage Behavioral Science Insights for Direct Mail Success
How to Leverage Behavioral Science Insights for Direct Mail Success
 
Unraveling the Mystery of the Hinterkaifeck Murders.pptx
Unraveling the Mystery of the Hinterkaifeck Murders.pptxUnraveling the Mystery of the Hinterkaifeck Murders.pptx
Unraveling the Mystery of the Hinterkaifeck Murders.pptx
 
Marketing Management Presentation Final.pptx
Marketing Management Presentation Final.pptxMarketing Management Presentation Final.pptx
Marketing Management Presentation Final.pptx
 
Call Us ➥9654467111▻Call Girls In Delhi NCR
Call Us ➥9654467111▻Call Girls In Delhi NCRCall Us ➥9654467111▻Call Girls In Delhi NCR
Call Us ➥9654467111▻Call Girls In Delhi NCR
 

New product development

  • 1.
  • 2. Contents:  New Products  New Product Categories  New Product Development Process  Product Development Strategies
  • 3.  A new product that opens entirely new market  A product that adopts/replaces existing product  Significantly broadens market for existing product  Old product introduced in new markets  Old product packaged in different way  Old product marketed in different way
  • 4.  Innovative Products  New Product Lines  Addition to Product Lines (line extension)  Improvement/Revision of existing product  Reposition product  Cost reduction
  • 6. • IDEA GENERATION • IDEA SCREENING • CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT & TESTING • BUSINESS ANALYSIS • PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT • TEST MARKETING • COMMERCIALIZATION • REVIEW OF MARKET PERFORMANCE
  • 8. POSITIONING STRATEGIES • Impulse Purchase Items • Daily Use Items • Speciality Items • Consumer Durables • Industrial Products
  • 9. POSITIONING TECHNIQUES • By Product Attributes • By Distinct benefit to users • By specific usage • For a user category or application • By product class associated • By price/quality • By lifestyle of users • By reference groups
  • 10. PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES • By product features • By performance quality • Exclusivity and style • Design • Product range and variety • Service Quality • Packaging