Pharmacognosy

1. G.R.Sitaphale
(Assistant professor)
Anuradha college of Pharmacy chikhli
Dist-Buldana

2. Importance of medicinal and
Aromatic plants to the economy
of low income countries
remains critical and strategic
because medicines are key to
maintaining a health
population that drives and
sustain economy.

3. Since ancient times mankind
All over the world mainly depend
upon plant kingdom to meet their
all needs of medicines for
alleviating ailments,search of
eternal health,longevity and to seek
remedy to relive pain and
discomfort,fragrance,flavour and
food.

4. The ancient civilization of
India,China,Greece,Arab and other
Countries of the world
developed their own systems
of medicines independent of
each other but all of them
were predominantly plant
based.

5. Traditional
 Ayurveda
 Takshila(700 B.C.)
 Nalanda(500B.C.)
 Righveda(4500-4600B.C.)References of use of
medicinal plants for treatement.

6. WHO
WHO estimated that 80% of
the population of developing
countries relies on traditional
medicines mostly plant drugs
for their healthcare needs.

7. Source
About 90% of plants used in
industry are collected from the
wild.
The other source is cultivation.

8. Market
 Herbal drug market is growing at a rate of 20-30%
annually.
 India turnover in 1995 US 250 million dollar.
 Continuous growth.
 Economic potential in natural health

Herbs 1989US million
dollar
1998 US million
dollar
Aloe extract 38 63
Botanical ext 180 345
Essential oils 101 150

9. Future economic growth
Medicinal
purposes,Nutraceutical
,Cosmecuticals
purposes.

10. Development of Herbal medicinal
industry.
Novelties-new chemical
compounds.

11. Plant based Industries and Institutes
involved in work of medicinal and aromatic
plants in India
 Indian medicinal plant based industry faces many
problems and is affected by number of factors which
include absence of well definite policies and
strategies for promotion of cultivation and post
harvest technology , standardization and marketing.
 Majority of leading companies specializing in herbal
drugs are located in
Germany,France,Italy,Switzerland,China and India.
 In fragrance and flavour industry the major
formulation manufacturers are located in developed
countries like UK,USA, and Japan.

12. Classification of plant based
Industries.
 Plant drugs for Indian systems of
medicines.Ayurvdea,siddha,Unani.
 Over the counter non prescription products.
 Essential oil Industry
 Phytopharmaceuticals
 Natural health products.-Health
food,Nutraceuticals,Recombinant proteins
 Cosmeceutical Industry.

13. List of Government Institutions
 Regional research lab.-Bhuwaneshwar
 Central drug research Institute-
Lucknow
 National chemical lab-Pune
 Govt.Quinine Factory-Mungpoo
 Regional research lab.-Hydrabad
 Regional research lab.-Jammu tawi
 Regional research lab.-Trivandrum

14. Manufacturers of herbal cosmetics
Shenaz Herbals-New Delhi
Herba Indica-Chandigarh
Ayurved sewashram-Udaipur
Ayurved sewashram-
Hydrabad
Dabur India ltd.-Ghaziabad

15. Eucalyptus oil Industries
Royal eucalyptus oil co.-ooty
Reliance eucalyptus oil co.-
Coonoor
Jupiter eucalyptus oil Refinery-
Coonoor
Blue hills Eucalyptus oil
Distillery-Kodaikanal.

16. Manufactures of herbal
formulations
Dabur India Ltd.-Ghaziabad
Charak pharmaceuticals-Bombay
Hamdard laboratories-Delhi
Zandu Pharmaceuticals-Bombay
The Himalaya drug company –
Bombay
Shri Baidyanath Ayurved Bhavan-
Patna

17. Poppy
 Opium is dried latex obtained by
incision from the unripe capsules of
papaver somniferum family
papaveraceae.
 Morphine
 Papaverine
 Noscapine
 Narcine
 Codeine
 narcotine

18. Utilization
Opium is official in
pharmacopoeia of several
countries.now a days opium is
not used but derivatives of
opium are used in
pharmaceutical industry as
antidiarrhoeals,antispasmodic
and antitusive formulations.

19. Ergot
Ergot is the common name for
claviceps purpurea hypogracieae a
parasitic fungus, which infects ray
grass secale cerale family graminae .
Ergometrine group
Ergotamine group
Ergotoxine group

20. Utilization
Whole ergot preparation are
traditionally used in labour to assist
delivery and to reduce post partum
haemorrhage but presently whole
ergot has been replaced with
isolated ergot alkaloids.
Migraine

21. Cinchona
Cinchona bark consists of dried
stem and root bark of cinchona
succirubra,cinchona
calisaya,cinchona
ledgeriana,cinchona officinalis
family Rubiaceae.

22. Utilization
Cinchona bark and its ailments are
used in different parts of the
world.Its prpoerties can be briefly
described as
analgesic,anasthetic,antiparasitic,a
ntibacterial,antimicrobial .
Antimalarial
Cosmetic-hair tonic.

23. Ipecac
Ipecac is derived from the dried
rhizomes and roots of
Cephaelis ipecacuanha family
Rubiaceae.
Cultivated in India and Malaysia.
The main phytochemical constituent is
emetine.


24. Utilization
 The drug ipecac is used in the form of crude
extract as emetic and expectorant.It is also
used as a source of emetine,which is used to
treat amoebic dysentery.
 Ipecac in small doses along with aconite or
belladona used in treatment of pneumonia
especially in children.

25. Aloe
Aloe is the solid residue obtained by
evaporating the juce which drains from
the transversely cut leaves of various
species of Aloe ferox,Aloe
barbadensis,Aloe perryi family
Liliaceae.


26. Utilization
Aloe is a pharmaceutical aid for a
compound benzoin tinctureand
cathartic.
Decoction of dried leaves is taken orally
to induce abortion.
It is used to treat wounds.
In mexico taken orally for diabetes.

27. Senna
Senna leaves are dried leaflets of cassia
acutifolia,cassia angustifolia family
leguminosae.
In India its cultivation is mainly
concentrated in Tinnevelly ,Maudrai and
Ramnathapuram district of Tamil nadu.

28. Utilization
The leaves and fruit (pods) of senna
have been used from time immemorial
in India and abroad as
cathartic.Sennosides the main
constituents if senna are useful
purgative for either habitual
constipation or for occasional use.