Chap1 energy values of foods & nutrients

What Is Nutrition? -The study of how your body uses the food that you eat.

What is a Nutrient A nutrient is a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body. Some provide energy. All help build cells and tissues, regulate bodily processes such as breathing. No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function.

The six Classifications of Nutrients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sugars Starches Cellulose ,[object Object]

Variables which affect nutrient needs: 1. Age 2. Gender 3. Activity Level 4. Climate 5. Health 6. State of nutrition

Ten U.S. Dietary Guidelines: Aim for Fitness 1. Aim for a healthy weight

2. Be physically active each day

Build a Healthy Base 3. Let the pyramid guide your choices 4. Choose a variety of grains daily, especially whole grains 5. Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. 6. Keep food safe to eat.

Choose Sensibly 7. Choose a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol and moderate in total fat 8. Choose beverages and foods to moderate your intake of sugars 9. Choose and prepare food with less salt 10. If you drink alcoholic beverages do so in moderation

Energy Values of Foods & Nutrients; Obesity; Rules for Achieving Desirable Weight Chapter 1

Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Four Basic Forms of Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Energy Needs of the Body ( 3 Factors) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Basal Metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object]

Basal Metabolic Rate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Factors that can Increase the BMR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Physical Activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Specific Dynamic Action of Food ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Spectrum of Body Size, Shape and Composition

What are the different ways to look at human body composition? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why is knowledge of body composition so important? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What Is Body Composition? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Obesity And its Associated Risk Factors

Definition of terms: ,[object Object],[object Object]

Obesity An Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Overweight and Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Overview of Various Body Composition Assessment Methods

Overview of Various Body Composition Assessment Methods (cont.)

Energy Imbalance What is it? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Weight Gain Calories Consumed > Calories Used Weight Loss Calories Consumed < Calories Used No Weight Change Calories Consumed = Calories Used

Energy Imbalance Effects in the Body ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2009 Fat cells J La State Med Soc .2005; 156 (1): S42-49.

Fat Cell Enlargement Hypertrophy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Weight Classifications A Review ,[object Object],With a BMI of: You are considered: Below 18.5 Underweight 18.5 - 24.9 Healthy Weight 25.0 - 29.9 Overweight 30 or higher Obese

Mortality and Morbidity Associated with Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object]

Mortality Weight, Fat Distribution, and Activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mortality Excess Body Weight ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mortality Regional Fat Distribution Android Gynoid

[object Object],[object Object],Mortality Weight Gain

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mortality Sedentary Lifestyle

Morbidity Associated with Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Morbidity Associated with Obesity Individuals who are obese are at a greater risk of developing:

Cardiovascular Disorders Associated with Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Obese individuals are at a greater risk of developing these cardiovascular disorders:

Hypertension ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2009 NHLBI

Hypertension The Dangers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Failure to find and treat HTN is serious, as untreated HTN can cause:

Hypertension ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hypertension Prevalence in the Overweight Prevalence of HTN Age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in overweight U.S. adults 14.9 22.1 27.0 15.2 27.7 32.7

Stroke ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stroke ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The symptoms of a stroke include:

Stroke ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coronary Artery Disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coronary Arteries Blood Flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Angina This is the chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart is not getting enough blood. Heart attack This is what happens when a blood clot develops at the site of the plaque in a coronary artery. The result is a sudden blockage, which may block all or most of the blood supply to the heart muscle. Because cells in the heart muscle begin to die when they are not receiving adequate amount of oxygen, permanent damage to the heart muscle can occur if blood flow is not quickly restored.

Coronary Artery Disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2009 Heart Failure In this condition, the heart can’t pump blood effectively to the rest of the body. Heart failure does not mean that the heart has stopped nor does it mean that it is about to. It means that the heart is failing to pump blood the way that it should. Arrhythmias Arrhytmias are changes in the normal beating rhythm of the heart. They can be either faster or slower than normal. Some arrhythmias can be quite serious.

Coronary Artery Disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2009

Gastrointestinal Disorders Associated with Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],Obese individuals are at greater risk of developing these gastrointestinal disorders:

Colon Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Colon Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object]

Colon Cancer Findings Relating to Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],There is evidence that abdominal obesity may be important in colon cancer risk.

Gallbladder Disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Gallstones Findings Related to Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Gallstones Findings Related to Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Metabolic Disorders Associated with Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Obese individuals are at greater risk of developing these metabolic disorders:

Diabetes Mellitus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Obesity and Type 2 DM In the United States Among people diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, 55 percent have a BMI ≥ 30 (classified as obese), 30 percent have a BMI ≥ 25 or ≤30 (classified as overweight), and only 15 percent have a BMI ≤ 25 (classified as normal weight). 15% 30% 55%

Diabetes Mellitus Findings Related to Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Diabetes Mellitus Findings Relating to Weightloss ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dyslipidemia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dyslipidemia Findings Related to Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],HDL

Liver Disease ,[object Object],[object Object]

Liver Disease Fatty Liver ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Liver Disease Fatty Liver ,[object Object],[object Object]

Importance of a Healthy Liver ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The liver is the largest organ in the body and it plays a vital role in performing many complex functions that are essential for life:

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Other Disorders Associated with Obesity Obese individuals are at greater risk of developing these metabolic disorders:

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ,[object Object],[object Object]

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Findings Relating to Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Osteoarthritis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Osteoarthritis Findings Relating to Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Areas of the body most commonly affected by OA

Cancer Findings Relating to Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Endocrine Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Endocrine Changes Associated with Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Common hormonal abnormalities associated with obesity

Psychological Disorders Associations with Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Psychological Disorders Weight Loss ,[object Object],[object Object]

In Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The following conditions have been found to be associated with obesity: These diseases have been found to be associated with increased metabolic activity (secretion) of fat cells in obesity These diseases have been found to be associated with increased fat mass

Chap1 energy values of foods & nutrients

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Chap1 energy values of foods & nutrients

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