Details of symposium: http://www.rochester.edu/College/humanities/projects/index.php?digitalarchaeology&symposia Related blog post: http://acrg.soton.ac.uk/blog/3612/

1. Contemporary Themes in 3D Archaeological Computing:
Thoughts (mostly) from Portus, Italy
Graeme Earl
3D Digital Archaeology: Reconstruction, Analysis, and Conservation of Cultural
Heritage, University of Rochester, 4 December 2013

3. Archaeology and “3D” Data
• Acquisition
• Integration
• Visualisation
• Iteration
Produced by BBC in collaboration with Portus Project
http://www.portusproject.org/blog/2012/11/rome-whatlies-beneath/

4. Portus Project

5. http://binged.it/1cbBGOz

7. Big questions:
Scale and Character : Function : Chronology

8. Big digital questions:
Blending Digital and Physical : Integration : Simulation
Big Data/ Archiving Management : Communication
https://twitter.com/GCBeale

9. Aquisition
• Photographic e.g. photometric stereo
• RTI – Reflectance Transformation Imaging
https://twitter.com/HemboPagi

10. Aquisition
• E.g. mini dome; Giga-RTI
• Potential of light field e.g. Lytro?

11. Aquisition
• E.g. multispectral (RTI)
http://soton.academia.edu/EleniKotoula
http://lbi.academia.edu/GeertVerhoeven

12. Aquisition
• E.g. gigapixel survey and excavation photogrammetry
• E.g. crowd and cloud photogrammetry
http://gigapan.com/cms/create-make

13. Aquisition
• E.g. drone and object photogrammetry
https://twitter.com/stephenjohnkay/

14. Aquisition
• E.g. object photogrammetry
https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles
http://www.portusproject.org/blog/2013/11/photogrammetry/

15. Aquisition
• E.g. LiDAR

16. Aquisition
• E.g. laser scanning

17. Automated and semi-automated approaches for extracting key components
for finite element analysis ?
Automated and semi-automated methods for producing plans and
elevations ?
https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles

18. Aquisition
• Lightweight scanning at Portus
using Kinect
https://twitter.com/Peter__Wheeler
Kinect scanner developed as part of RCUK PATINA project
https://twitter.com/jmknibbe

19. Aquisition
• Micro Computed Tomography
X-ray source within the micro CT chamber at Southampton

20. Aquisition
• Micro-CT
• e.g. Roman cremations
See: http://digitalhumanities.soton.ac.uk/projects/hoard-imaging
Voxel data derived from micro CT

21. Aquisition
• Micro-CT
• e.g. Roman cremations
A cremation urn containing nine coins, dating
from AD282, found in the Cotswolds.
This item in particular would take months to
excavate – with archaeologists needing to
carefully examine bone fragments and remains
to extract more information about its past.
Claudius II and Tetricus I coins
discovered solely virtually

22. Beau Street (Bath) hoard
http://blog.britishmuseum.org/category/conservation2/beau-street-hoard/
c. 18,000 Roman coins discovered in Bath under the floor
of a Roman building, dating to around AD270 and
concreted together in a large block weighing over 100
kilograms

23. Box vs bags ?

24. Selby hoard
A small pot dating to the 2nd century found in the Selby area, East Riding of Yorkshire

25. https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles

26. https://vimeo.com/45452797

28. Antoninus Pius (138 to 161) coin

29. Marcus Aurelius (161 to 180) coin

30. Presenting the hoard
http://acrg.soton.ac.uk/blog/1148/

31. Material Analysis
http://www.staffordshirehoard.org.uk/staritems/petctoral-cross
https://twitter.com/gbjc105

32. Challenges and potential
• Material analysis of CT finds data
• Automated classification e.g. bulk object imaging
• Use of CT methods in voxel analysis
• Potential of ultrasound research to inform geophysics
• Non-linear analyses of remote sensed 3d data

33. Digital Simulation
Agents: Access : Record: Structure: Probability: Fidelity
https://twitter.com/gbjc105

36. https://twitter.com/jessogden

37. https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles
Funded by RCUK Parnassus Project

38. https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles
Displacement contours and principal stresses – hypothesis one

39. https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles
Deflected shape and principal stresses – hypothesis three

40. Parameter
Value
Source
Building Width
60.1m
Excavation, Geophysical, Standing
Remains
Narrow Nave Width
3.74m
Excavation
Wide Nave Width
11.38m
Excavation
Inter-pier Distance (N-S)
5.34m
Excavation
Infilling wall width
0.58m
Excavation
Pylon Buttress Length
0.20m
Excavation
Pylon Buttress Width
1.06m
Excavation
Brick Width (Arches)
0.4m
Excavation, Structural Constraints
Brick Thickness
0.05m
Excavation, Structural Constraints
Vault Height (Narrow Nave)
If cross vaulted:
Wide nave width x 0.25
If barrel vaulted:
Narrow Nave Width x 0.5
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Vault Height (Wide Nave)
If cross vaulted & depressed:
Inter-pier distance N-S x 0.5
Otherwise:
Wide nave width x 0.5
Parallels, Structural Constraints
https://twitter.com/MattJ_Harrison

41. Parameter
Value
Source
Building Length
180-220m
Excavation, Geophysical, Standing Remains
Pier Height
7-10m
Excavation, Structural Constraints
Roof Offset
0.4-0.6m
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Roof Pitch Angle
18-23°
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Gutter Depth
0.5-0.7m
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Gutter Width
0.4-0.6m
Parallels
Corbelling Depth
0.3-0.5m
Parallels
Corbel Height
0.28-0.32m
Parallels
Corbel Width
0.18-0.22m
Parallels
Inter-corbel Distance
0.5-1.0m
Parallels
Tie beam thickness
0.30-0.40m
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Primary Rafter Thickness
0.30-0.40m
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Secondary Rafter Thickness
0.17-0.22m
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Perlin Thickness
0.18-0.20m
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Roof Planking Width
0.25-0.35m
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Inter-truss Distance (roof)
2.00-4.00m
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Inter-perlin Distance
0.90-1.10m
Parallels, Structural Constraints
https://twitter.com/MattJ_Harrison

42. Parameter
Value
Source
Foundation Slope
0.5 : 0
0.5: 9.16-10.83%
0.25: true
0.75: false
0.499: Barrel Vault
0.499: Intersecting/Cross Vault
0.002: Depressed Cross Vault
If Barrel Vaulted:
0.69: Pitched (N-S)
0.25: Exposed Vaults
0.15: Pitched (E-W)
0.03: Flat Roof
Parallels
Vaulting Presence
Vaulting Type
Roof Type
Structural Constraints, Excavation
Structural Constraints, Parallels
Artistic Sources, Structural Constraints, Parallels,
If Cross Vaulted:
0.82: Pitched (N-S)
0.15: Pitched (E-W)
0.03: Flat Roof
Roof of Narrow Naves
Waterspout Presence
Corbelled Roof
Corbel Material
Impost Corbelling
Roof Tile Width
If Not Vaulted:
0.97: Pitched (N-S)
0.03: Flat Roof
0.6: Separate roof
0.4: Roofed with adjacent nave
If Pitched N-S Roof:
0.99: true
0.01: false
Otherwise:
False
0.9: true
0.1: false
0.45: Brick
0.45: Moulded Brick
0.1: Travertine
0.5: true
0.5: false
0.5: 1.0m
0.5: 0.4m
https://twitter.com/MattJ_Harrison
Structural Constraints
Artistic Sources, Parallels
Artistic Sources, Parallels
Artistic Sources, Parallels, Excavation
Artistic Sources, Parallels
Structural Constraints, Parallels

43. Generative Modelling
• GML
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_Modelling_Lang
uage
• Grass Hopper
• http://www.grasshopper3d.com/
• City Engine
• http://www.esri.com/software/cityengine
https://twitter.com/MattJ_Harrison explores these in CAA2012 proceedings

48. Visibility and Accessibility
UCL Depthmap
Earl, Graeme, Porcelli, Vito, Papadopoulos, Constantinos, Beale, Gareth, Harrison, Matthew, Pagi, Hembo and Keay,
Simon (2013) Formal and informal analysis of rendered space: the basilica Portuense. In, Bevan, Andrew and Lake,
Mark (eds.) Computational Approaches to Archaeological Spaces. Walnut Creek, US, Left Coast Press, 265-305..

49. Interim reconstruction by https://twitter.com/gbjc105
Development still ongoing of this model – see Portus Project website for updates

50. Next steps? Predictive Rendering ?
Believable representation of
light in a scene
Vs
Prediction of light interaction ?
http://soton.academia.edu/E
leniKotoula (left)
https://twitter.com/Papad
opoulos_C (above)
https://twitter.com/GCBeale (right)

51. Next steps? Acoustic Rendering ?
https://twitter.com/CatrionaCooper

52. Next steps? Integration
• Combining Lines, Surfaces, Point Clouds, Volumes and
Voxels
• Access to raw data from within single interface
• Capture workflows

53. Communicating Portus in 3D ?

54. Portus Documentary
http://www.portusproject.org/blogs/2012/12/reconstructing-portus/
Exploring possibilities of “second screening” for future broadcast work

55. Portus Tour
• AR ?
• Location ?
• Social ?
• Co-creation?

56. Exhibitions and Outreach

57. Virtual Fieldwork Project
Disability solutions identified:
• Panoramas, Video Panoramas and Panorama Tours
• Wearable cameras
Potential for social annotation of resources e.g. gigapan, photosynth;
ongoing work by https://twitter.com/Peter__Wheeler

58. @PortusMOOC
• http://www.portusproject.org/education/portus-mooc/

59. Thanks
http://digitalhumanities.soton.ac.uk
http://www.portusproject.org/education/portus-summer-field-school/
http://www.portusproject.org/education/portus-mooc/
http://www.ahrc.ac.uk/News-and-Events/Image-Gallery/Pages/PortusProject.aspx
Tweet archive from today #UoR3darch
@GraemeEarl