1. Green IT at the
University of Bahrain Initiatives,
Readiness and Capability
Maturity Level
By
Jaflah Al-Ammary
College of IT
University of Bahrain

2. Research Objectives
1- Investigative the current situation
regarding Green IT at the University of
Bahrain by identifying the following:
a- The Green IT initiatives
b- The Green IT Readiness
c- The Green IT Capability Maturity level
2- Develop a Green IT adoption model for
University of Bahrain

3. Introduction
 In a world of continuity innovation and highly
dependency on new technology, Information
Technology (IT) is considered as an essential
component in most of the organizations.
 The increasing use of IT equipment and their
short life span have caused two major problems:
Energy consumption and E-Waste.
 The total life cycle of IT products and data
centers' power usage make the energy of IT
significantly high.
 The growing of E-Waste poses serious health
and environmental hazard because electronic
products contain toxic materials (Hanne, 2011).

4. Introduction
 Nowadays Green IT concerns have grown
beyond being just a trend, as most of the
organization needs to achieve considerable
reductions of carbon emissions and cost
savings (Widjaja, et al., 2011).
 The time is coming for industries, agencies and
individuals to consider Green IT seriously and
spread awareness across the world.
 Therefore, Green IT appears to be the right
element to connect both cooperate innovation
and environment (Widjaja, et al., 2011).

5. Introduction
• Many initiatives have been taken by
governments and IT industries in many
developed countries to promote Green IT
practices.
• Taking advantage from existing initiatives
will offer economical, environmental and
social benefits to the developing countries
(Hanne, 2011).

6. Introduction
University of Bahrain believe that environmental or
green initiatives are the key to ensure the
achievement of the goal of advancing
environmental sustainability.
Other benefits University of Bahrain can obtain by
adopting Green IT include:
• Gaining a competitive advantage by
differentiating themselves as a Green-certify
organization
• Improving their efficiency and potentially
lowering operating costs
• Providing a cleaner and healthier work
environment

7. Introduction
• University of Bahrain has some green
initiatives like their intensive researches in
• Alternative fuels
• Clean energy
• Wind engineering
• Bio- Fuel
• In addition, there are some Green IT initiatives
in place aims to reduce the energy
consumption and carbon emissions.

8. Introduction
 It is encouraging that University of Bahrain has
green initiatives in place but it is not surprising that
taking the next step and introducing green
technology, is lagging behind.
 In fact like other non-profit organizations,
University of Bahrain think that those initiatives are
more expensive to implement (at least in the short
term) and therefore are reluctant to do so
particularly in tight financial circumstances.

9. Introduction
 University of Bahrain like other organizations
need to act now, as for a large organization in the
developed countries it can take up to 18 months
to green the IT department and data centre.
 Therefore, there is a need for coordinated efforts
between the University of Bahrain, government,
and industry to bring an overall solution to
environmental issues related to the use of IT.

10. Indicators for Green IT
Initiatives at University of
Bahrain

11. Green IT initiatives
• Info-Tech (2007) have identified 11 technology and
initiatives as indicators of green IT. These include:
• Equipment recycling,
• Server consolidation and virtualization
• Print optimization
• Rightsizing IT equipment
• Budget allocation for Green IT projects
• Carbon offsetting
• Data center
• Liquid cooling for IT equipment,
• DC powered IT equipment,
• Data centre airflow management,
• Optimizing data centre energy efficiency
• Airside/waterside economizer

12. The Connection Research RMIT Green IT
Framework

13. The Connection Research
RMIT Green IT Framework
• This Framework is used by many organizations to
categorize many aspects of Green ICT.
• It takes a holistic view of Green ICT and sustainability,
across the enterprise, and then drills into individual
technologies and business best Practices.
• It contains four vertical components, or “pillars”, each of
which is broken further into specific areas of Green
ICT; and five horizontal components, or “actions” which
describe separate approaches to the verticals
(Philipson, 2010)

14. Equipment lifecycle
Recycle and reuse
The fate of the devices of members of CIT
70% 66%
60%
50%
40%
30%
24%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
Covert them into Keep them in
Trash them Sell them
art storage
% of staff 66% 0% 10% 24%

15. Equipment lifecycle
Disposal
At the University of Bahrain equipments like PCs,
printers, data show and etc., needs to be physically
disposed of. The following are different ways of
electronic equipment disposal:
- Selling them to the UOB members or students
- Donate them to some of the none-profit
organizations and societies
- Selling then as spare parts
- Selling them via tenders to some E-agents

16. End-user computing
Desktop
Number of devices used by CIT members
Ipad2-similar devices 5
Chargers 135
Old phone 73
Smart phone 93
Laptop 62
Desktop computer 46
Laser Printer 13
Deskjet Printer 37
CRT 0
LCD 42
LED 10

17. End-user computing
Mobile computing
Mobile Computing at CIT (students and staff)
65%
35%
20%
15%
12% 10%
WEB SITE BLACK WEB CT MOODLE IPAD IPHONE
BORD

18. End-user computing
Departmental computing
Electronic devices at the CIT
No. of Faxes
Laser
Deskjet
No. of servers
No. of PCs in LABs
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

19. End-user computing
Printing and energy consumption
• Most of the CIT members are printing in both
sides of the paper.
• Centralization of the printing (printing centers)
this will reduce the energy consumption of at
least 33 printers from each department and at
least 924 printers from the colleges

20. ICT as a Low Carbon Enabler
Outsourcing and clod computing
Most of the copiers and the heavy duty printers
are outsourced at the University of Bahrain
Most of the students and some academic staff at
the CIT and College of Business are using Cloud
Computing in their learning and teaching process
(Dropbox, Google doc and calendar, WIKI, Ever-
note and so on)

21. Green IT Readiness at
University of Bahrain

22. Green IT Readiness measures how well a
company has and can integrate green into
their IT and utilize it (Molla, Cooper, &
Pittayachawan, 2009).
• Attitude and awareness
• Policy
• Practice
• Technology
• Governance

23. Green IT Readiness
• Green IT Attitude is “an organization’s IT human
infrastructure’s emotion towards climate change and
eco-sustainability”
• Green IT Policy “encompasses the frameworks an
organization puts in place to apply environmental
criteria in its IT related activities”
• Green IT Practice “pertains to the actual application
and realization of eco-sustainability considerations in
IT infrastructure sourcing, operation and disposal”

24. Green IT Readiness
Green IT Technology “refers to technologies and
information systems for
(a) reducing the energy consumption of powering and
cooling corporate IT assets (such as data centers)
(b) optimizing the energy efficiency of the IT technical
Infrastructure
(c) reducing IT induced greenhouse gas emissions
(d) supplanting carbon emitting business practices
(e) analyzing a business’s total environmental
footprint”
Green IT Governance is “the operating model that
defines the administration of Green IT initiatives
and is closely related to the policy construct”

25. Attitude and awareness

26. CIT members awareness toward
Green IT
I’m very concerned about reducing IT’s power consumption in
UOB
UOB has investigated ways to reduce IT’s power consumption in
its departments
UOB has a policy that states staff should turn off computers when
they are not in use
UOB/ IT college has executed Green IT initiatives
I turn off my computer when I’m not using it
I prefer to print on both side of paper
Dis-agree
I believe that tackling the carbon emission of IT systems should be Neutral
a core part of a green business strategy Agree
IT professionals should be concerned with controlling the power
consumption
I believe that IT professionals can play significant roles in helping
tackle business’s carbon emission
I have purposely attempted to attend a seminar or workshop on
Green IT
I am willing to learn/ gather more information about Green IT issue
I read news and articles about Green IT issue
0 10 20 30 40 50

27. The most appropriate disposal methods
for the obsolete electronic devices
Other 2%
Exclusion 10%
RECYCLE 64%
REUSE 32%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

28. Practice

29. Practice

30. How the ICT members are leaving
their PCs after the working hours
Chart Title
Standby Mode Sleep Mode
Shutdon others (leave it opend)
4%
14%
14%
68%

31. How often the academic staff at
college of IT are asking for PC
maintenance
32%
28%
18%
10%
8%
Never Asked Every Mouth Every Every Year More than
Semester one year

32. Green ICT Capability
Maturity level for University
of Bahrain

33. Green ICT Capability Maturity Model
source (Connection Research, 2010)
Connection Research determines the maturity levels through
the administration of a survey which asks questions about
each aspect of Green ICT, as identified in the Framework.
Questions are asked about actions (attitude, policy, practice,
technology, metrics), for each of the four pillars.
Each question is constructed to rate that factor on a CMM
scale from 0 to 5, then all relevant questions in each of the
four pillars are aggregated and weighted to deliver a score
(out of 100) for that pillar.

34. Green ICT Capability Maturity Model
source (Connection Research, 2010)

35. Green IT Adoption Model for
University of Bahrain

36. Model of adopting
Green IT at UOB
Green IT
Readiness
Technological
context Behavior
Drivers of Intention to Green IT
Green IT adopt Green IT adoption
Organizational
context
Environmental
Context

37. Green IT Drivers
The green IT drivers (Molla, 2008)
• Regulatory drivers
• Ethical drivers
• Economical drivers

38. Overview of drivers of green IS initiatives (Source (Islam, 2012))

39. Green IT Drivers
Drivers for uptake of Green IT (Mazenier,
2007):
Reduce power consumption - Lower costs
Lower carbon emissions and environmental
impact (e.g. recycling)
Improved systems performance and
utilization

40. Green IT Readiness

42. Model of adopting
Green IT Readiness Green IT at UOB
Technological
context Behavior Intention to
Drivers of Green Green IT
adopt Green IT
IT adoption
Organizational
context
Regulatory/legislations
Environmental Ethical motives
Context
Economics opportunities
Stakeholders pressure
Attitude
Policies
Practices
Technical
Governance

43. Q&A