1. Unit Testing RPG with JUnit
"Never in the field of software
development was so much owed by
so many to so few lines of code"
Martin Fowler (speaking of JUnit)
2. Agenda
Costs of Manual Testing
Value of Automated Unit Testing
The Tools We’ll Use
Creating the Infrastructure
Reviewing the Component to be Tested
The Test Components
Writing the interface code and the Tests
Compiling the Java
Running the Tests
Automating the Process
3. Costs of Manual Testing
Manual testing generally occurs late, just
before integration. The cost to correct
problems at this stage are ten to a hundred
times greater than the cost to correct the
problem before the project reaches this
stage.
A problem found late in the development
cycle can delay the carefully planned work
of a dozen people.
4. Value of Automated Testing
Writing tests before writing the application
code increases cohesion and reduces
coupling.
You won’t understand it until you’ve done
it.
The tests are reusable. Reuse is free.
Write tests once; verify quality a thousand
times without lifting a finger.
5. The Tools We’ll Use
The JUnit JAR file (junit.jar)
iSeries QSHELL and shell scripts
javac, the Java compiler
JNI, Java Native Interface
iSeries Navigator
iSeries IFS (integrated file system)
PC-based Text Editor
iSeries Source Editor
RPG Compiler
6. Creating the Infrastructure
Add a “Share” to your IFS folder.
Map the share to Windows Explorer.
Place a copy of the JUnit jar file in your IFS
folder.
7. To add the file share, use iSeries Navigator
and select the Integrated File System on the
iSeries on which you’ll be developing.
8. Find or create your IFS folder. We
require one to be under Root/home.
12. Complete mapping a drive to the share
created earlier.
Example: servershare
13. Getting the JAR File
Download JUnit from http://junit.org
Open the Zip file, select the junit.jar and
extract it your development folder on the
iSeries share drive.
14. Next Steps
Review the ILE RPG procedures we will
test.
Create the test components.
Run the tests.
15. Review the RPG Procedures to be Tested
* Trivial Example: Add and Subtract
*
h nomain
h option(*srcstmt:*nodebugio)
h datfmt(*ISO)
*
d addInts pr 15P 0 extproc('addInts')
d 15P 0 CONST
d 15P 0 CONST
*
d subInts pr 15P 0 extproc('subInts')
d 15P 0 CONST
d 15P 0 CONST
*
p addInts b EXPORT
d pi 15P 0
d p1 15P 0 CONST
d p2 15P 0 CONST
c return p1 + p2
p e
*
p subInts b EXPORT
d pi 15P 0
d p1 15P 0 CONST
d p2 15P 0 CONST
c return p1 - p2
p e
16. The Test Components
To create and run the tests, 4 objects
are required:
The service program to be tested.
The service program that provides the
native interface to Java.
The Java Class that accesses the RPG
service program.
The class that implements the unit test.
17. Parameter Conversion Table
The necessary information for converting parameter values is
in chapter 11 of the RPG Programmer’s Guide.
18. A second RPG module is required
1. the *JAVA keyword
2. the fully qualified name of the Java class
that will execute this procedure.
3. the name of the Java method (marked
native) which will call the ILE procedure.
For Java to access the RPG, the ILE
procedures must be given a Java interface
with the EXTPROC keyword.
When interfacing with Java, the EXTPROC
keyword requires three parameters:
19. h nomain
h option(*srcstmt:*nodebugio)
h datfmt(*ISO)
* Imported Procedures
d addInts pr 15P 0 extproc('addInts')
d 15P 0 CONST
d 15P 0 CONST
*
d subInts pr 15P 0 extproc('subInts')
d 15P 0 CONST
d 15P 0 CONST
* Exported Procedures
d add pr 10I 0 extproc(*JAVA:
d 'com.rpg.Math‘ : 'add')
d 10I 0 value
d 10I 0 value
*
d sub pr 10I 0 extproc(*JAVA:
d 'com.rpg.Math‘ : 'sub')
d 10I 0 value
d 10I 0 value
*
p add b EXPORT
d pi 10I 0
d p1 10I 0 value
d p2 10I 0 value
c return addInts(p1: p2)
p e
*
p sub b EXPORT
d pi 10I 0
d p1 10I 0 value
d p2 10I 0 value
c return subInts(p1: p2)
p e
20. Compiling the RPG
Create the RPG modules:
crtrpgmod calculator
crtrpgmod calcjni
Create the service program with or without
binding source:
crtsrvpgm jniformath module(calcjni
calculator) export(*all)
21. Write the Java code that calls RPG
package com.rpg;
public class Math {
static {
System.loadLibrary("JNIFORMATH");
}
native public int add(int add1, int add2);
native public int sub(int sub1, int sub2);
}
The JNI magic necessary for Java to call RPG
simply requires (1.) the name of the service
program to be provided in the parameter of the
call to System.loadLibrary() and (2.) the
creation of the native method signatures.
Your PC’s NotePad or WordPad editor is sufficient for this task.
22. The Unit Test
import junit.framework.*;
public class MathTest extends TestCase {
Math math;
protected void setUp() {
math = new Math();
}
public void testAdd() {
Assert.assertEquals(2, math.add(2,0));
Assert.assertEquals(2, math.add(1,1));
}
public void testSub() {
Assert.assertEquals(0, math.sub(2,2));
Assert.assertEquals(0, math.sub(1,1));
}
}
This class inherits from junit.framework.TestCase. To compile
and run, junit.jar must be in the classpath.
23. Save the Java source to the iSeries’ IFS using
the drive we mapped earlier, being careful to
match folders to the package statements.
25. Preparing to Compile the Java Source
The Java source is in folders in the
iSeries’s IFS. We will compile and run
the Java programs in the QSHELL
environment on the iSeries.
From the command line of the iSeries
system where the Java and RPG are
placed, enter the command QSH to
start the alternative Unix shell
environment on iSeries.
26. Commands Useful in QSHELL
LS – list files (similar to MS-DOS
DIR command)
PWD – display name of current
folder
CD – change directory (just as in
MS-DOS)
CAT – takes a file name as its
parameter and displays file’s text
27. Java’s Compile Command
JAVAC is the Java compiler. It can
be run by an IDE or from the
command line. It is most convenient
in this exercise to run JAVAC from
QSHELL.
28. Compile Dependencies
The classes you compile in Java
may be dependent on JAR files just
as the compile of RPG programs can
be dependent on binding
directories, service programs and
modules.
The Test classes will depend on
junit.jar.
29. Compiling With JAVAC
The Math class provides the JNI interface to
RPG. It was placed in the com.rpg package so
the compile command is as follows:
javac com/rpg/Math.java
The MathTest class inherits from
junit.framework.TestCase so, the junit.jar file
must be in the classpath when it is compiled:
javac –classpath .:../lib/junit.jar
MathTest.java
30. Running With JAVA
To execute Java Classes, the JAVA command
is used instead of CALL. Note that the
classpath contains the junit.jar file.
Also note that we are calling junit’s
TestRunner class and passing it the name of
our test class.
java -classpath .:../lib/junit.jar
junit.textui.TestRunner MathTest
The entire JAVA command above wraps to two lines but it is not
required that it do so.
32. Automating the Process: Run the Compile
and Test in a Shell Script
if !(javac -classpath .:../lib/junit.jar
src/** -d build/prod); then exit 1; fi;
jar -cf Math.jar build/prod/*.class
java -classpath .:../lib/junit.jar:Math.jar
junit.textui.TestRunner MathTest
ANT is another neat tool from the Open Source
community. ANT could be used to automate these tasks
but, that requires quite a long discussion.
A QSHELL script also provides a means to easily compile
the Java and run the tests. Create the script by placing
commands similar to those below in a file.
33. Results of Running the Script
A compile error interrupts the script when it is first
run. After the error in the Java source is corrected,
the script runs successfully, performing both the
compile and the testing.
34. Next Steps
Don’t stop with just these tests.
Create more. Find out what breaks
your application’s code and attack
those problems.
Implement a way for your team to
share, store and version tests.
Learn Test Driven Development.
35. References
1. JUnit: http://junit.org
2. QSHELL for iSeries by Ted Holt and Fred
A. Kulack: http://skillport.books24x7.com
3. JNI Articles: http://
www.iseriesnetwork.com/artarchive/index.cfm
=ListArticlesByAuthor&ID=883
4. JNI RPG and the eBusiness World (ch 11)
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iserie
