The document discusses different theories of motivation. It describes Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory which categorizes human needs into physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs in a hierarchical order. Herzberg's two-factor theory separates factors that lead to job satisfaction, called motivators, from factors that prevent dissatisfaction, called hygiene factors. McGregor's theory X and theory Y propose different assumptions about employee motivation, with theory Y assuming employees can be ambitious and self-directed. The document also discusses other motivation theories like Vroom's expectancy theory.

1. “MOTIVATION”
Presented by:-
Gurpreet Singh Banga
1436233
BBA-2
RBIM

2. CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION:
“motivation means a process of stimulating
people to action, to accomplish desired
goals”
William G. Scott

3. PROCESS OF MOTIVATION
Unsatisfied
needs
Tension
Drives
Search
behavior
Satisfaction
of needs
Reduction
of tension

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTIVATION
1. Psychological phenomenon.
2. Positive or negative.
3. Complex process.
4. Dynamic process.
5. Motivation and job satisfaction are
interrelated.
6. Results in goal directed behaviour.
7. Financial or non financial.

5. TYPES OF MOTIVATION
Positive motivation:
 Based on reward.
 Offered incentives.
 Improve performance.
 Achieved by the
cooperation of
employees.
 They have feeling of
happiness.
Negative motivation:
 Based on fear or force
 Punishes if the
employee don’t act
accordingly.
 Fear act as a push
mechanism.
 Causes anger and
frustration.

6. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION:
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy.
Herzberg’s two factor theory.
McGregor theory X and Y.
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory.
Porter and Lawler Expectancy
Model Theory.

7. ABRAHAM MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY
Maslow categorized human needs into five categories.
Hierarchy of needs refers to the systematic arrangement of
human needs in the order to their importance.
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Social needs
Esteem or ego
needs
Self fulfillment needs

8. EXPLANATION
 Physiological needs: it includes various needs
like food, clothing, drinking, shelter, rest, exercise,
air.
 It is useful to survive.
 Safety needs: it includes needs like safety of loss
of job, property, shelter, provision for old age,
insurance against risk.
 It is useful for security purposes.
 Social need: man is social animal
 it includes love, warmth, friendship, affection,
involvement, relationships etc.
 It is useful to survive in a society.

9. EXPLANATION
 Esteem or ego needs: it includes
1. Self-respect
2. Self confidence
3. Feeling of being unique
4. Recognition
5. Prestige
6. Power
7. Status
 Self fulfillment needs or self actualization:
1. a person tries to do whatever he is capable of
doing,
2. tries to bring out something hidden in him.
“The self fulfillment needs is helpful to face challenge
and give satisfaction self and are good for the
society also”

10. CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THEORY:
Positive analysis:
 It is helpful for the manager to understand how to
motivate employees.
 This theory is very simple, common and easily
understandable .
 It includes both interpersonal and intrapersonal
variations in human behaviour.
 This theory is dynamic.
Negative analysis:
 There is lack of cause and relationship between need
and behaviour.
 Some people say that this hierarchy of need simply
does not exist.
 It is difficult for the researchers to test this theory.

11. HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY
It has also focused on the way of increasing job
satisfaction rather than only motivating workers to
perform. The factors are classified into two
categories:
Motivational factors
Hygiene or maintenance
factors

12. EXPLANATION :
 Motivational factors: these factors help to build
strong motivation and high job satisfaction. They
are also known as “satisfiers”.
 Achievement.
 Advancement.
 Growth.
 Recognition.
 Work itself.
 Responsibility.
These factors bring satisfaction, efficiency and
productivity. It will not lead to dissatisfaction.

13. EXPLANATION:
 Hygiene factors: ‘hygiene’ relate to the work
environment. These factors does not bring any kind
of motivation to the employees but the absence
leads to the job dissatisfaction. There are following
hygiene factors:
1. Company policies
2. Technical supervision
3. Interpersonal relation with supervisor
4. Interpersonal relation with peers
5. Interpersonal relation with subordinates
6. Salary
7. Job security
8. Personal life
9. Working conditions
10. Status

14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
 Meaning: it is based on the
concept of human needs and their
satisfaction.
 It is based on the hierarchy of
human needs.
 The theory is based on long
experience about human needs.
 Meaning: it is based on the use of
motivators which include
achievement, recognition and
opportunity for growth.
 It is based on two factors i.e.
motivation and hygiene factors.
 The theory is based on actual
information collected by interview.
Douglas Maslow's hierarchy
theory
Herzberg’s two factor
theory

15. MCGREGOR’S THEORY X AND Y
His theory is based on the dual nature of human
being.
Theory X: In this, superior sets objectives for
subordinates and there is little participation of
subordinates in setting objectives and plans.
Assumptions:
 Workers dislike to work independently
 They prefer to be directed
 They avoid accepting responsibility and are
unambitious
 They lack creativity
 They avoid taking decision

16. Theory Y: McGregor realized that management need to
develop practices based on accurate understanding of
human nature and motivation and Theory Y came into
action.
Assumptions:
1. Workers are ambitious
2. They are directed by themselves
3. High degree of creativity
4. Focuses on both higher and lower needs.

17. Thank you
Live long live
loud..