This presentation describe a Intelligent Transport System designed for developing traffic safety at road hotspot.

1. Road Hotspot Warning System
Based on
Cooperative Concept
Hao YE
Nottingham Geospatial Institute
University of Nottingham

2. Research Motivation
Every year millions of accidents occurred on the roads, particularly on road hotspots
where there are higher accident risk than other sections of road. Existing hotspot
notification techniques are often static and predefined, which are relatively unreliable
because they cannot consider a range of accident contributory factors together, for
example, those factors referred to human, vehicle, road and environment.
Source: Traffic England & Highway Code

3. Research Approach
This project was to create a cooperative concept based hotspot warning system platform
which integrates a range of archived and real-time data sources together in order to
support drivers with better advice and reliable warning for potential dangers. The other
application of this system is to provide data collection of real-time traffic data stream at
road hotspots for transport monitoring and management
Application Server
v
Road Hotspot
Risk Level: highest risk!
Time of Period: winter, 7-9 pm
Primary Causation: turn too fast
Traffic Condition: congested road
Weather Condition: rainy
Recommendation: reduce speed
Internet Databases

4. Research Objectives
• To provide a comprehensive review of current cooperative concept based
systems, including existing applications, techniques and potential challenges;
• To identify system requirements of a cooperative hotspot warning system, and
design system architecture to perform the required functions;
• To use GIS-based techniques for analysing historical accident hotspots areas,
and integrate analysis results onto road digital hotspot maps;
• To design, develop and establish a system prototype platform based on the
designed system architecture;
• To prove the feasibility of system design concept by demonstrating the prototype
platform at selected case study areas, and evaluate the performance of the
prototype with field experiments under realistic traffic conditions;

5. System Architecture
Data Analysis Layer
Data Exchange Layer
Information
Dissemination
GIS
platform
Physical Devices Layer
GNSS
Historical
Accidents
Cellular
Network
On-Board Unit
Integrated
Traffic
Database
Data
Package
Accident
Hotspots
Group Vehicles

6. Prototype System Design
GNSS
In-vehicle
Sensors
CAN-Bus
On-Board Unit
State Estimator
Data
Manager
Human Machine
Interface
Wireless
Communication
Message
Encoder
Information
Display Module
Drivers
Client Vehicle
Cellular Network Infrastructure
Application Server
Wireless
Communication
Hotspot
Algorithm
Digital Hotspot
Map
Other Database
Message
Encoder
Data
Manager
Control Platform
Transport
Operator

7. Precise Positioning Module
Lane-Level Hotspot (~3m)
Road-Level Hotspot ( > 10 m)
Road Site Hotspot (1~2m)
y
v
x
Standard Lane 3.65m
Road Boundary
• Road-level hotspots: much larger than general road width
e.g. school zones, construction zones, intersections, and roundabouts.
• Lane-level hotspots: small hazardous areas close to lane width
e.g. emergent curves, high-risk sites on road lane, lane entry points
• Site-based hotspots: microscopic, hazardous or temporary areas on the
road,
e.g. road work sites, icy sites, potholes, temporary road work sites, etc.

8. Digital Hotspot Map Module
Drivers
Human-Machine
Interface
User-Centric
OBU platform
Map Database
Map Integration
Analyse road
hotspots
Extract road hotspots
• Digital Hotspot Maps were created by using geospatial techniques to analyse
historical accident database in GIS and integrating to system platform

9. Communication Module
Internet
(TCP/IP)
Internet
(TCP/IP)
Internet
(TCP/IP)
Socket
Socket
Socket
Program
Program
Program
Internet
Program
Socket
Internet
(TCP/IP)
Client Vehicles
Application Server
• Communication is based on 3G cellular communication as it can provide longdistance communication range, higher data rate, lower delay and cost.
• This module was built on end-to-end TCP/IP protocol which means each vehicle can
connect to the server by a unique IP address, the implementation is based o nTCP
sockets for reliability purpose
• The main function is to support real-time hotspot warning, as well as bi-directional
data exchanand updating ge, such as hotspot map updating and traffic data
collection

10. Hotspot Warning Algorithm
The algorithm includes a hotspot proximity part and an intelligent warning part. The hotspot
proximity part mainly uses GIS method to check entry/exist status of vehicle, while the
intelligent warning part adopts a range of simulated real-time data to demonstrate the
feasibility of hotspot warning.
Message input
Dangerous
time period
No
Hotspot Proximity
Yes
No
Yes
Extensive
Monitoring
Dense traffic
flow
No
Yes
No
Acquire hotspot attribute
Yes • Time
• Traffic
• Weather
Yes
No
Bad weather
Yes
No
Vehicle
Status
Yes
Yes
• Speed
• Acc
• Heading
Yes
hotspot warning

11. Messaging Mechanism
Basic Safety Message
(BSM)
Roadside Hotspot
Message (RHM)
Extensive Safety Message
(ESM)
V
Client Vehicle
Hotspot
Boundary
BSM
ESM
Message ID
Message ID
Message Type
Time Stamp
Position
Velocity
Message Type
Time Stamp
Position
CAN-BUS
Turn Light
Rain Sensor
Brake
RHM
Message ID
Message Type
Time Stamp
AccType
Message Check
Velocity
Light Sensor
AccNum
∙∙∙∙
Advise
Message Check
Other Sensor
Message Check

12. Prototype Implementation
Client GUI
Application Server GUI
• The prototype demonstrators were developed based on Windows platform by programming
in C#. The current system platform includes the functions such as GNSS data
acquisition,
GIS
hotspot
integration,
vehicle
tracking,
reliable
wireless
communication, hotspot algorithm decision making and bi-directional data exchanges.

13. Field Experiment
(c) Client Platform
NGI
(a) Application Server
(d) Video Data Recorder
A-Road
Minor Roads
Intersections
(b) Testing Van
Experiment Route
Experiment Installation

14. Performance Evaluation
Entering Hotspot
Leaving Hotspot
Hotspot Area
Client
Application Server

15. Thanks for your attention!
isxhy@hotmail.com