James Taylor (Salesforce) and Maryann Xue (Intel) This talk with be broken into two parts: Phoenix use cases and new Phoenix features. Three use cases will be presented as lightning talks by individuals from 1) Sony about its social media NewsSuite app, 2) eHarmony on its matching service, and 3) Salesforce.com on its time-series metrics engine. Two new features will be discussed in detail by the engineers who developed them: ACID transactions in Phoenix through Apache Tephra. and cost-based query optimization through Apache Calcite. The focus will be on helping end users more easily develop scalable applications on top of Phoenix.

1. Use Cases and New Features
@ApachePhoenix
http://phoenix.apache.org
V5

2. Agenda
• Phoenix Use Cases
– Argus: Time-series data with Phoenix (Tom Valine, Salesforce.com)
– Five major tips to maximize performance on a 200+ SQL HBase/Phoenix
cluster (Masayasu Suzuki, Sony)
– Phoenix & eHarmony, a perfect match (Vijay Vangapandu, eHarmony)
• What’s new in Phoenix
– ACID Transactions with Tephra (Poorna Chandra, Cask)
– Cost-based Query Optimization with Calcite (Maryann Xue, Intel)
• Q & A
– PhoenixCon tomorrow 9am-1pm @ Salesforce.com, 1 Market St, SF

3. Argus: Time-series data with Phoenix
Tom Valine
Salesforce.com

4. OpenTSDB Limitations
OpenTSDB is good, but we need more
•Tag Cardinality
– Total number of tags per metric is limited to 8
– Performance decreases drastically as tag values increase.
•UID Exhaustion
– Hard limit of 16M UIDs
•Ad hoc querying not possible
– Join to other data sources
– Joins of time series and events
– Simplification of Argus’ transform grammar

5. Phoenix-backed Argus TSDB Service
• 3 day hackathon
• Modeled metric as Phoenix VIEW
– Leverage ROW_TIMESTAMP optimization
• Tag values inlined in row key
– Uses SKIP_SCAN filter optimization
– Allows for secondary indexes on particular metric + tags
• Metric and tag names managed outside of data as metadata
• Eventually leverage Drillix (Phoenix + Drill)
– Cross cluster queries
– Joins to other data sources

6. Write Performance
Using 2 clients to write in parallel. Phoenix is using 10 writer threads per client

7. Read Performance
• Metrics with one tag (60 distinct values)
– OpenTSDB and Phoenix performance comparable for small aggregations
– Phoenix outperforms OpenTSDB as aggregation size increases

8. Disk usage
• Phoenix & OTSDB use approximately the same amount of space with FAST_DIFF
and Snappy compression

9. Five major tips to maximize
performance on a 200+ SQL
HBase/Phoenix cluster
Masayasu “Mas” Suzuki
Shinji Nagasaka
Takanari Tamesue
Sony Corporation

10. Who we are, and why we chose HBase/Phoenix
• We are DevOps members from
Sony’s News Suite team
http://socialife.sony.net/
• HBase/Phoenix was chosen
because of
a. Scalability,
b. SQL compatibility, and
c. secondary indexing support

11. Our use case

12. Performance test apparatus & results
• Test apparatus
• Test results
Specs
Number of records 1.2 billion records (1 KB each)
Number of indexes 8 orthogonal indexes
Servers
3 Zookeepers (Zookeeper 3.4.5, m3.xlarge x 3)
3 HMaster servers (hadoop 2.5.0, hbase 0.98.6, Phoenix 4.3.0, m3.xlarge x 3)
200 RegionServers
(hadoop 2.5.0, hbase 0.98.6, Phoenix 4.3.0, r3.xlarge x 199, c4.8xlarge x 1)
Clients 100 x c4.xlarge
Results
Number of queries 51,053 queries/sec
Response time (average) 46 ms

13. Five major tips to maximize performance
using HBase/Phoenix
Ordered by effectiveness (most effective on the very top)
– An extra RPC is issued when the client runs a SQL statement that uses a secondary index
– Using SQL hint clause can mitigate this
– From Ver. 4.7, changing “UPDATE_CACHE_FREQUENCY” may also work (we have yet to test this)
– A memory rich node should be selected for use in RegionServers so as to minimize disk access
– As an example, running major compaction and index creation simultaneously should be avoided
Details will be presented at the PhoenixCon tomorrow (May 25)
2. Use memories aggressively
1. Use SQL hint clause when using a secondary index
4. Scale-out instead of scale-up
3. Manually split Region files if possible but never over split them
5. Avoid running power intensive tasks simultaneously

14. Vijay Vangapandu
Principal Platform Engineer

15. eHarmony and Phoenix a perfect match
NEED FOR
● Handling 30+ Million events during Batch Run
● Serving low latency queries on 16+ Billion records
75th% - 800MS 95th% - 2Sec 99th% - 4Sec

16. eHarmony and Phoenix a perfect match
LAMBDA FOR THE SAVE
• Layered architecture provides fault tolerance
• Hbase as batch storage for write throughput with reasonable read latency
• Apache Phoenix as query layer to work with complex queries with confidence
• Redis as speed layer cache

17. eHarmony and Phoenix a perfect match
PERFORMANCE
Phoenix/HBase goes live
Get Matches API Response Times
Phoenix/HBase goes live
Save Match API Response Times

18. eHarmony and Phoenix a perfect match
• Highly Consistent and fault tolerant
• Need for store level filtering and sorting
• Apache Phoenix helped us build an abstract high performance
query layer on top of Hbase.
• Eased the development process.
• Reduced boiler plate code, which provides maintainability.
• Build complex queries with confidence.
• Secondary indexes.
• JDBC connection.
• Good community support
WHY HBASE AND PHOENIX
HBASE
APACHE PHOENIX

19. eHarmony and Phoenix a perfect match
JAVA ORM LIBRARY(PHO)
• Apache Phoenix helped us build PHO (Phoenix-HBase ORM)
• PHO provides ability to annotate your entity bean and provides interfaces
to build DSL like queries.
Disjunction disjunction = new Disjunction();
for (int statusFilter : statusFilters) {
disjunction.add(Restrictions.eq("status", statusFilter));
}
QueryBuilder.builderFor(FeedItemDto.class).select()
.add(Restrictions.eq("userId", userId))
.add(Restrictions.gte("spotlightEnd", spotlightEndDate))
.add(disjunction)
.setReturnFields(projection)
.addOrder(orderings)
.setMaxResults(maxResults)
.build();

20. eHarmony and Phoenix a perfect match
http://eharmony.github.io/
OPEN SOURCE REPOSITORY
https://github.com/eHarmony/pho
http://www.eharmony.com/about/careers/
*Please Join us for more details at PhoenixCon tomorrow (May 25)

21. ACID Transactions
+
Poorna Chandra
Cask

22. Why Transactions?
• All or none semantics simplifies life of
developer
– Ensures every client has a consistent view of data
– Protects against concurrent updates
– No need to reason about what state data is left in
if write fails
– Guaranteed consistency between data and index

23. Apache Tephra
• Transactions on HBase
– Across regions, tables and RPC calls
• ACID semantics
• Tephra Powers
– CDAP (Cask Data Application Platform)
– Apache Phoenix (4.7 onwards)

24. Apache Tephra Architecture
Zookeeper
Tx Manager
(standby)
HBase
Master 1 RS 1
RS 2 RS 4
RS 3
Client 1
Client 2
Client N
Tx Manager
(active)
Master 2

25. Tephra Components
• TransactionAware client
• Coordinates transaction lifecycle with manager
• Communicates directly with HBase for reads and writes
• Transaction Manager
• Assigns transaction IDs
• Maintains state on in-progress, committed and invalid transactions
• Transaction Processor coprocessor
• Applies server-side filtering for reads
• Cleans up data from failed transactions, and no longer visible versions

26. Snapshot Isolation
• Multi-version concurrency control
– Cell version (timestamp) = transaction ID
– Reads exclude other uncommitted transactions (for
isolation)
• Optimistic Concurrency Control
– Avoids cost of locking rows and tables
– Good if conflicts are rare: short transaction, disjoint
partitioning of work

27. Single client using 10 threads in parallel with 5K batch size
No performance penalty for non-transactional tables
Performance

28. Concurrent Write Performance
2 write threads per client, 1000 row batch size, 15 columns table

29. Future Work
• Partitioned Transaction Manager
• Automatic pruning of invalid transaction list
• Read-only transactions
• Performance optimizations
• Conflict detection
• Appends to transaction edit log

30. +
Cost-based Query Optimization
Maryann Xue
Intel

31. Integration model
Calcite Parser & Validator
Calcite Query Optimizer
Phoenix Query Plan Generator
Phoenix Runtime
Phoenix Tables over HBase
JDBC Client
SQL + Phoenix
specific
grammar Built-in rules
+ Phoenix
specific rules

32. Cost-based query optimizer
with Apache Calcite
• Base all query optimization decisions on cost
– Filter push down; range scan vs. skip scan
– Hash aggregate vs. stream aggregate vs. partial stream aggregate
– Sort optimized out; sort/limit push through; fwd/rev/unordered scan
– Hash join vs. merge join; join ordering
– Use of data table vs. index table
– All above (any many others) COMBINED
• Query optimizations are modeled as pluggable rules

33. Beyond Phoenix 4.8
with Apache Calcite
• Get the missing SQL support
– WITH, UNNEST, Scalar subquery, etc.
• Materialized views
– To allow other forms of indices (maybe defined as external), e.g., a filter
view, a join view, or an aggregate view.
• Interop with other Calcite adaptors
– Already used by Drill, Hive, Kylin, Samza, etc.
– Supports any JDBC source
– Initial version of Drill-Phoenix integration already working

34. Query Example - no cost-based optimizer
select empid, e.name,
d.deptno, d.name,
location
from emps e, depts d
using deptno
order by e.deptno
Phoenix
Compiler
scan ‘depts’
send ‘depts’ over to RS
& build hash-cache
scan ‘emps’ hash-join ‘depts’
sort joined table on ‘e.deptno’

35. Query Example - with cost-based optimizer
(sort optimization combined with join algorithm decision)
LogicalSort
key: deptno
LogicalJoin
inner,
e.deptno = d.deptno
LogicalProject
empid, e.name, d.deptno,
d.name, location
LogicalTableScan
emps LogicalTableScan
depts
PhoenixTableScan
depts
PhoenixMergeJoin
inner,
e.deptno = d.deptno
PhoenixClientProject
empid, e.name, d.deptno,
d.name, location
Optimizer
Optimization rules
+
Phoenix operator
conversion rules
PhoenixTableScan
emps
PhoenixServerProject
empid, name, deptno
PhoenixServerProject
deptno, name, location
select empid, e.name, d.deptno,
d.name, location
from emps e, depts d using deptno
order by e.deptno
PhoenixServerSort
key: deptno
empid
empid
deptno
deptno
deptno
e.deptno;
d.deptno;
e.deptno;
d.deptno;

36. Query Example - with cost-based optimizer
(sort optimization combined with join algorithm decision)
Phoenix
Implementor
PhoenixTableScan
depts
PhoenixMergeJoin
inner,
e.deptno = d.deptno
PhoenixClientProject
empid, e.name, d.deptno,
d.name, location
PhoenixTableScan
emps
PhoenixServerProject
empid, name, deptno
PhoenixServerProject
deptno, name, location
PhoenixServerSort
key: deptno
empid
empid
deptno
deptno
deptno
e.deptno;
d.deptno;
e.deptno;
d.deptno;
scan ‘emps’
merge-join ‘emps’ and ‘depts’
sort by ‘deptno’
scan ‘depts’

37. Query Example - Comparison
Query plan w/o cost-based
optimizer
Query plan w/ cost-based optimizer
scan ‘emps’, ‘depts’ first ‘depts’, then ‘emps’ 2 tables in parallel
hash-cache send & build proportional to size of ‘depts’;
might cause exception if too large
none
hash-cache look-up 1 look-up per ‘emps’ row none
sorting sort ‘emps’ join ‘depts’ sort ‘emps’ only
optimization approach Local, serial optimization processes Cost-based, rule-driven, integrated
performance
(single node, 2M * 2K rows)
19.46 s 13.92 s

38. Drillix: Interoperability with Drill
select deptno, sum(salary) from emps group by deptno
Drill Final Aggregation
deptno, sum(salary)
Phoenix Table Scan
emps
Phoenix Tables over HBase
Drill Shuffle
Phoenix Partial Aggregation
deptno, sum(salary)
Stage 1:
Local Partial aggregation
Stage 3:
Final aggregation
Stage 2:
Shuffle partial results

39. Thank you! Questions?
Join us tomorrow for PhoenixCon
Salesforce.com, 1 Market St, SF 9am-1pm
(some companies using Phoenix)