Operation Research

2. Session Objectives
After this session you will be able to: Understand what
is meant by research design
What is Proposal
Why to write proposal
How to write proposal

3. Session Outline
Research Design
Introduction
Purpose Statement
Objective of the research
Significance of the study
Methodology & Methods
Research Question & Hypothesis
Limitation & Delimitation
Ethical Consideration
Proposal
Why Proposal
Structure of Proposal

4. Research Design
A plan of what data together, from whom, how and
when to collect the data, and how to analyzed the data
obtained.
Component of research design
Introduction
Purpose Statement
Objectives of the research
Significance of the study
Methods & Methodology
Research question & hypothesis
Limitation & Delimitation

5. Purpose Statement
The purpose statement indicates “Why you want to
do the study and what you intend to accomplish”
Why Purpose Statement
It is the most important statement in and entire
research study.
It conveys the overall intention of a proposed study.
It the direction of establishes the direction for the
research.
Qualitative Research
In qualitative research we use the worlds like
explore, understand, or discover and we have focus
on single phenomena

6. Quantitative Research
In quantitative research we use the worlds like
determine , identify , or compare and we have focus on
comparing and relating two or more variables.
Mixed Method Research
In mixed method research we focus on both qualitative
and quantitative research and mention the design with
rational.

7. Objectives are the step you are going to take to answer
your research question to fulfill the purpose of the
research study.
Objectives can be
Main Objectives
Sub Objectives
Objectives of the study

8. Significance of the Study
A significance section elaborates on the importance
and implication of a study for researcher,
practitioners, and policy maker. In designing the
section one might include
3 or 4 ways in which the study helps improve practice
3 or 4 reasons why the study will improve policy
3 or 4 ways in which the study adds to scholarly
research and literature n the field

9. Limitation and Delimitation
Limitations
Possible weaknesses of the study that were
not/could not be controlled.
Delimitations
Boundaries set by the researcher that limit
the generalizability of findings .

10. Ethical Consideration
Ethics are the standards of behaviors to be adopted while
interacting to other people research in a way that;
People must be respected and seen not as passive
sources of data but as people whose rights and welfare
must be protected.
Physical risk , psychological harm must be minimized.
Risk and benefits from studies should be distributed
and obtained everything in Population.

11. Why Ethical Consideration
The aim of discussing research ethics is to encourage
integrity in the conduct of business Research and
practice s among of scientists , scholars, and
professionals.

12. Introduction to Business
Research Method Module

13. Methodology and Method
The methodology includes the methods , procedures, and
techniques used to collect and analyze information, It should
generally include statements about :
Site and Sample
Methods of Data collection
Data analysis procedures
Why Methodology :
It clarifies the procedures and methods of data collection and analysis
It increases the efficiency and authentically of the research

14. Theory
Theory is the standard principle that defines the relationship of
two or more variables
Qualitative Research:
In case of qualitative research theory is an outcome of the
whole research process by finding the answer s to the
research question.
Quantitative Research:
In case of quantitative research theory is used as bases to be
verified through the acceptance or rejection of hypothesis
using statistical results.
Mixed Method Research:
In case of mixed method research theory is both developed and
also verified.

15. PROPOSAL
WRITING

16. The Introduction
Introduction is the opening part of pr0posal that justifies the
problem to be researched and clarifies the significance of
the proposed study in order to establish a base for
research.
Components of Research
The reason problem
Studies that have addressed the problem
Deficiencies in the studies
The Significance of the study

17. Out line of the structure of Proposal
Title
Introduction
Background of the study ( Sectoral Brief)
The research problem
Studies that have addressed the problem
Deficiencies in the studies
The significance of the study
The purpose statement

18. Purpose:
The purpose or study , aim of the project and reasons for
the research design
The research questions and hypothesis
Philosophical Foundations:
Worldview and philosophical assumptions for using
specific research approach
Literature Review
Methodology and Methods:
Site and Sample
Data Collection Process
Data analysis Procedures

19. Proposal
Proposal is the written documents that describe the
topic problem , design and methodologies to be
adopted to conduct the proposed research.
Why Proposal:
The developed of proposal for any research study is
essential because
It allows the researcher to plan and review the
steps of the project.
It serves as a guide through out the investigation .

20. Weighting : 20 Marks
Guideline ( a, b , c) (5%+5%+15%) 25%
Guidelines ( d, e) 15%
Guidelines ( f, g) 40%
Guidelines (h) 10%
Presentation (including bibliography in a recognized
format) 10%
Length:
Maximum 6000 words , plus reference (at most 10) in
selective bibliography (based on selective literature review)
Weightage: 30% (project:20 %, presentation :10%)

21. Due Date: 13th
Week
Short Working Draft: 11th
Week
(This draft only : max 2000 words , submitted
electronically to module tutor by the time announced ;
any draft submitted after that would not be given any
feedback).
Final Draft : To be announced later.
Reference Material

22. Presentation :
The aim of presentation is to allow students to gain
constructive feedback from their peers regarding their
comparative reports to demonstrate as well as allowing them
presentation skills . The structure of the presentation will
largely mirror the structure of the report and thus contain
the comparison on the basis of three basic research
approaches i.e. qualitative ,quantitative and mixed methods.
Points to consider when marking presentations are :
Timing of presentation

23. Clarity of concept
Structure of the presentation
Quality of overhead, handouts etc
Application of theory to practice
Ability to answer questions effectively
Use of source of information
Criteria of Assessment:
Clarity and conciseness of your specification of various
aspects of the proposal.
The relation of detail of your research design specifically
to the aim of your particular study .

24. Justification of key decision made
Completeness of coverage of guideline
to present a range of ethical issues relevant to the
conduct and publication of research.
Continue…..

25. Research Question and
Hypothesis
Research Question:
Research question are interrogative statements or
questions that the researcher seeks to answer
Hypothesis:
Hypothesis are predictive statements that the
researcher holds about the relationship among
variables to be tested

26. Thank You