1. INDONESIA:
USURPATIONS
CHAPTER 1 & 2
ASSAULTS & Sitor:
Reconstructing the Past

2. SYNOPSIS:-
CHARACTERS
PLACES
EVENTS
MAIN ISSUE

3. CRITICAL ANALYSIS:-
DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
• ROADS OF JAKARTA:
“roads were edged with red mud”, “corrugated-iron
fences”, buses with smoking exhausts”, “a feeling of
great choked city”, the highways marked with rising
smog”. “News-boys and beggar-boys with deformities
worked the road intersections”.

4. HISTORICITY
OF INDONESIA
•Hindu-Buddhist past of Indonesia
•the abolition of Dutch language by the
Japanese when they occupied Indonesia in
1942

5. DETAILED CHARACTERIZATION
• “Suryadi was in his mid fifties, he was small, dark
frown, frail looking. He was born in east Java…….”
• ABOUT SITOR “a small man of fifty-six, with a
small bony face, Chinese-Negvito, with bristling
eye-brows, a canvas shoulder bag with books gave
him an odd touch of contemporary undergraduate
style”.

6. ETHNOGRAPHIC DETAILS :
• Sitor‟s village, for being reinitiated into the tribe.
• the skull of his grandfather was taken out of the
stone sarcophagus with the lizard of good luck carved
on the lid.
• Sitor held a plate with this skull and a lemon, the
lemon an agent of cleansing.

7. DIALOGUES:
• A dialogue between Suryadi and his daughter,
he said, “But don‟t you have a mind any longer? Do you
have to go to that book every time? Can‟t you think
yourself now?”
she said‟ “The Quran is the source of all wisdom and
virtue”.

8. VIVID AND LONG
DESCRIPTIONS :
• of the hotel logo of Borobudur Intercontinental.
• The ground plan of the Buddhist temple in cultural
Java was the basis of that logo; three concentric
dotted circles within five rectangles, stepped at the
corners with the rippling effect. It was stamped on
ashtrays; it was woven into carpets; in the elevators;
it was rendered in tiles on the floor of large pool
where the ripple of blue water added to the ripple of
pattern.

9. CHAPTER 3
•Synopsis
•CHARACTERS
PLACES
EVENTS
MAIN ISSUE

10. CRITICAL ANALYSIS
•Authorial Perspective
•Naipaul has always positioned himself alone
stateless observer , devoid of ideology but
he makes assumptions in very settle way.
• Naipaul added his personal view about
Muslims.

11. • Naipaul’s works explore the themes of dissatisfaction
, decay and he focuses on the ugly or darker aspects of
Indonesia.
• land as overpopulated and the rivers were muddy and there
were rice fields around Surabaya. The houses were
narrow, they were at a little distance from the road and the
yards were clean but shady. there were banana
trees, coconut, mango and sugar cane cultivated at the
land of Surabaya. The rice fields began right at the back of
houses. The population was four million at the beginning of
the last century and now it has reached to eight millions.

12. CHARACTERIZATION
•Prasojo , a nineteen year old college
student… Prasojo had been to Arizona for a
year on scholarship given by the American
Field service. He spoke English well, with an
American accent…he was just above the
medium height and of Chinese appearance.

13. DIALOGUES
•Dialogue between Naipaul and Prasojo:
•Prasojo: you can‟t say that. You can‟t spend
fifteen minutes in a place and make your
mind about it.
•Naipaul we didn‟t spend fifteen minutes

14. HISTORICITY
• Pesantrens
• In Hindu—Buddhist days in Java, a Pesantren was a
monastery which was supported by the community in
return for spiritual guidance.
• In the end of the 19th century, in the Dutch
time, villagers want to educate their children and they
began to change the Pesantren into the schools for
children.
HISTORICITY

15. IMAGERY
•Highlighted the condensed, stinky and dark
images.
•we walked about the narrow dirt lanes and
muddy gutters between the houses at the
back of the compound...there was mud and
rubbish outside the rough kitchen shed"

16. ETHNOGRAPHY
• Description of the people and their houses.
• They built their houses with distinct style and
these houses has hat shaped roof. The houses
containing red tile roofs and walls of woven were
of poor and concrete were for not so poor. In
traditional house ventilation was permitted by
walls of woven bamboo and light came through
gaps is the roof and they didn‟t require a window

17. CHAPTER 4 & 5
SYNOPSIS

18. CHARACTERS AND PLACES
Umar kayam
Linus
Muslim „ KOUM‟ elder
Prosojo
Darma-sastro
Village below mount
merapi
Village of Linus
YOGYAKARTA
JAKARTA

19. EVENTS• With Umar visited mount marapi , they visited Linus house
• Hospitality was fabulous
• With Umar and Linus they visited Home of koum „elder‟
• Koum performs religious duties of Muslim
• He was satisfied with his life and present condition of
village
• He share his experiences when Japanese occupied Java
• On asking about Sukarno he praised his leader
• Sukarno was leader in Indonesia against dutch after 1945
• Umar also showed traditional house of Javenese.

20. • Umar told story about PRAMBANAM villager as they were
in conflict about religion …at once they appeared to be
Muslims and on other hand they liked epics of Hindu‟s
• Bt as no one was their to guide them as religion of
Hinduism they decided remain on composite religion
• As Islam was part of composite religion.
• One day in Yogyakarta tourists visited from
Japan, Germany and Australia. One of them were preparing
a scholarly paper on the charcoal-burners of Java
• Australian apparently discovered about people who were
selling tomatoes or repairing shoes or pushing food carts
are Charcoal-burners.

21. • Naipual left for Jakarta and their he met Darma-sastro
• Darma-sastro shared that „Among us there are now people
who have lost their identities and personalities. He said
that people who migrated from villages to town had left
their associations with villages as they thought that going
back to their villages would be degenerations.
• Darma-sastro shared that some of them have been abroad
but their minds have stayed in the country.

22. This country needed wealth and skills but there was rage
about the loss of old order and the old knowledge of good
and bad .
Finally holidays ended all the multinationals and economists
returned.There was peace in the corridors everything came
back to its order.

23. CRITICAL
ANALYSIS
•Chapter 4 and Chapter 5

24. V.S NAIPAUL TRAVELOGUE EXISTS IN THIRD
CATEGORY INTELLECTUAL-ANALYTIC.
IN THIS VOICE OF AUTHOR EMERGES. ITS
„OBSERVATION AND DEPTH OF ANALYSIS’
• Dissyanake and Wickramagamage gave three types of
travel writing; experiential information-oriented and
intellectual- Analytic

25. •During the course of travelogue „Among the
Believers‟ Naipaul‟s personal point of views on
observations and his analysis about different
instances is prevalent. He has given every single
detail starting from setting of locations to
characterization, dialogues, imagery, and
history, social and political aspects of Indonesia
in detail depending on his own observations as
well as on his interaction with different
characters

26. NAIPAUL‟S ASSUMPTIONS, ACTUAL TRAVEL AND
NOTE TAKING , RETURN TO CENTER AND RE-
ORGANIZATION OF EVENTS COULD NOT BE SAID
AS ACTUAL TRAVEL WRITINGS. . . . .
•it is more influenced by author‟s personal
interpretations and views based on notes
that he took during his travel experiences.

27. •Travel writing
strategies
JOURNALIZING
ETHNOGRAPHY
Historical
background

28. •Fictional
Elements
IMAGERY THEMES
CHARACTERIZATION
DIALOGUE

29. CHAPTER 6 AND
CHAPTER 7
SYNOPSIS

30. •Characters
•Places
•Events
•Major Issues

31. CRITICAL ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTIVE PASSAGES
•“in the darkness and lamplight, of
wide”, “silent streets”, “past vegetable and
fruit stalls, to tea plantations, over which
raincloud and mist drifted, mixed with the
black exhaust of buses and trucks”

32. CHARACTERIZATION
• Imaduddin is introduced as, His skin was smooth, his dark
eyes bright, and he had a wide, humorous mouth. He was
attractive, full of welcome.
• another character named Sitor Situmurang: a poet is
introduced as; Sitor was a man of power in Indonesia. He had
made his name with his early lyrical poems. He was now more
political, general secretary of the League for National
Culture; and he was represented in the anthology by three
poems he wrote after a visit to China.

33. HISTORICITY
• the mass slaughter in Indonesia. In 1965 the
communists had been wiped out. A million people had
been killed, not half a million, as was now given out.
And more should have been killed: there were two and
a half million communists at the time. So a million and
a half had escaped killing, and many of them were still
around.

34. DIALOGUES
•a dialogue between the narrator and
Imaduddin, when narrator asked; “Is there an
Islamic state where that has happened?”
Imaduddin replied; “Yes. In the time of Abu
Bakr and Omar and all the first four Caliphs.”

35. IMAGES
•Naipaul has shown the image of Islam in
Indonesia as being passive, sarcastic which he
authenticates by saying; “One day the students
from the pesantren will come to Jakarta and
burn down this nice hotel. Islam can become
cocaine. It makes you high. You go to that
mosque and you get high. And when you get
high, everything that happens becomes Allah‟s
will.”

36. VIVID AND LONG
DESCRIPTION
•he described the color of langsat fruit
was considered the perfect colour for
an Indonesian woman. The fruit was
pale-ochre, a pale adobe colour; and the
girl on the scooter had a
clear, southern-Chinese complexion.