Plastic Concrete- My Paper
- 1. 1385{Y{ﻫﺸﺖ/ﻣﺮÁÃﭘﻨﺠﺎÃﺷﻤﺎ/[Mﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ{ﺟﻬﺎﺷﺮﻛﺖﺧﻠﻲY{ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ
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2
ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺷﻜﻞ Õﻫﺎﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ Á •ﺧﺘﻼY sﻃﺮ { ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﻞYﻋﻮ
(ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ Õﻫﺎ)ﺑﺘﻦ
ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ
½M Õﭘﺬﻳﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻪ {ﺷﻮﻣﻰ Ã{ﺳﺘﻔﺎY ﺑﺘﻨﻰ Y ًﺎﻏﺎﻟﺒ ،ﺳـﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺪ[M ÕﻫﺎÃY{ﻳﻮ {
Õﭘﺬﻳﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ {ﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﻳﻦYﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ Á ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ (ﺑﺮYﺑﺮ 5 ﺗﺎ 3 {Áﺣﺪ {) ﺑﺮﻓﺖM ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ
.ﻳﺪMﻣﻰ ¹ﻻ ﺑﺘﻦ ÕYﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ
ﺑﺘﻦ ÕYﺑﺮ ﻣـﺎY .{Y{ {ﺟﻮÁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ Õﻫـﺎ‰Á ،ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ ﺑﺘﻦ •ﺧﺘـﻼY sﻃﺮ ÕYﺑـﺮ
ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻰ ‰Á ½ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮ ،ﻛﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴـﻴﺘﺔY µÁﻣﺪ ﺑﺎ Õﻫﺎﺑﺘﻦ ﺧﺼﻮ ﺑﻪ ،ﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻚ
ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ •ﺧﺘﻼY sﻃﺮ ÕYﺑﺮ Y Õﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‰Á ،ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ .ﺳـﺖY Ãﻧﺸـﺪ ﺋﻪYY
.ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪﻣﻰ ﺋﻪYY ½M Õﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ Á ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣﺪ Õﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ
{ﻳﺎ ÕYﺑﺎﮔﺬ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ { ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ
Y{ﻳﻮ { ﻣــﺎY ،ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺪYﺧﻮ ﻳــﺶYﻓﺰY
ﻣﺤﺼﻮ {ﻟﻴــﻞ ﺑﻪ ،ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘــﻦ
Õ{ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ،ﺑﺮﻓﺖM ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ½ﺷــﺪ
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ .ﺷــﺪ ﻫﺪYﻧﺨﻮ {YÁ Y{ﻳﻮ ﺑﻪ
{ﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ،ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ Õﻫــﺎﺑﺘﻦ ¥ﺑﺮﺧﻼ
،ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴــﺖ ﭘﻰÁﺗﻴﻜﺴــﻮﺗﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﻴــﺖ
ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ { ﻫﺎﺗﺮ
.ﻧﺪY{ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻰ {ﺧﻮ
:ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ Á {Yﻣﻮ -2
:[M - ﻟﻒY
Õﻫــﺎsﻃﺮ { Ã{ﺳــﺘﻔﺎY {ﻣــﻮ [M
ًﺎ{ﻗﻴﻘ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ •ﺧﺘﻼY
ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ { ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺑﻰM ½ﻫﻤﺎ
ÕYÃﭘﺎ .{ﺷﻮﻣﻰ Ã{ﺳــﺘﻔﺎY ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ
ﺑﺮ ﻧﻨﺪYﺗﻮﻣﻰ [M ﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ {Yﻣــﻮ Y
.ﻧﺪYﮔﺬ ﺛﺮY ½ﺳﻴﻤﺎ - ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﺶYÁ
ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻰ ﺛﺮY ﻛﻠﺮ
،ﻛﻢ ½ﺳــﻴﻤﺎ {ﻟﻴﻞ ﺑــﻪ .{Yﮔــﺬﻧﻤﻰ
{ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ cﺳــﻮﻟﻔﺎ ÕYY{ Õﻫﺎ[M
.ﻧﺪÁ ﻛﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ
:½ﺳﻴﻤﺎ - [
½ﺳــﻴﻤﺎ ﻧﻮ Y ﻧــﺪYﺗﻮﻣﻰ ½ﺳــﻴﻤﺎ
ِ[M ﻛﻪ ﺻﻮﺗــﻰ { .ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ
ÕÁﺣﺎ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ …ﺗﻤــﺎ {
½ﺳــﻴﻤﺎ ،ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ cﺳــﻮﻟﻔﺎ Õﻫﺎ½ﻳﻮ
ﻧﻴﺰ 5 ﻧﻮ ﻳﺎ ﻻﻧﻰÁﭘﻮ ﻳﺎ Á ÕYÃﺳــﺮﺑﺎ
{ﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ .ﺳﺖY Ã{ﺳــﺘﻔﺎY ﻗﺎﺑﻞ
{ Y{ﻳﻮ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ÕﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎYﭘﺎ ﻛﻪ {ﻧﻤــﻮ
.ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ Yﻗﺮ ½ﻣﻮM {ﻣﻮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ
:ﺳﻨﮕﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ - k
ÕYﻣﺎﺳــﻪ Á ﺷــﻦ ﻧﻮ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎ ًﺎﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ
ÕYﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ {ﻣــﻮ Yﺧﻮ ﺑﻪ ½Yﺗــﻮﻣﻰ
¹ﻻ .ﻳﺎﻓــﺖ {ﺳــﺖ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ
ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻣﺎﺳــﻪ Á ﺷﻦ ًﺎﺣﺘﻤ ﻧﻴﺴــﺖ
ﺑﺎ .ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ ASTM C33 {YﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪY ﺑﺮ
ﺑﺘﻦ ½Yﺗﻮﻣﻰ ÕYﻣﺎﺳﻪ Á ﺷــﻦ ﻧﻮ ﻫﺮ
ﺣﺠﻢ ًﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ؛ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ
([+ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺖM+½)ﺳــﻴﻤﺎ [ﻏﺎÁ{ ﻓﺎ
ﺑﺮ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ÕYﺑﺮ .ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺖY ﻣﻤﻜﻦ
ﭘﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ Y Ã{ﺳﺘﻔﺎY ،ﺟﻮﺷــﺶ Ãﭘﺪﻳﺪ
ًﺎﺣﺘﻤ ﻧﻴﺴــﺖ ¹ﻻ Á Ã{ﺑﻮ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻓﻴﻠــﺮ
¥)ﺑﺮﺧﻼ {ﺷﻮ Ã{ﺳﺘﻔﺎY ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﺳــﻪ
ÃYﻫﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﺳــﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ،ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟــﻰ ﺑﺘــﻦ
ﻧﻴﺰ 200 ﻟﻚY Y Õﻋﺒــﻮ ﻧﻪY{ﻳﺰ ﺑــﺎ
ÉﺑﻨﺪﻧﻪY{ Ãﻧﺤﻮ .(ﺳﺖY Ã{ﺳﺘﻔﺎY ﻗﺎﺑﻞ
Õﻫﺎﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ - ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ -1
:ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺷﻜﻞ
Õﻫﺎﺑﺘﻦ { ﻛﺮﻧﺶ - ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ
.ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﻰ 1 ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ
،{ﺷــﻮﻣﻰ Ã{ﻳــﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧــﻪ
ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY ﺑﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ Õﭘﺬﻳﺮﺷﻜﻞ
{ .ﻳﺎﺑﺪﻣﻰ ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﻨــﺶ
ﺑﺮYﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﺒــﻪﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﻨــﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺘــﻰ
ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ ًﺎﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘــ ،ﺳــﺖY ﺻﻔــﺮ ﺑــﺎ
Y {ﺧﻮ Yﻣﻘــﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ Ãﻣﺤــﻮﺗﻚ
ﻗﻞYﺣﺪ { ﻧﻴــﺰ Õﭘﺬﻳﺮﺷــﻜﻞ Á {Y{
.{Y{ Yﻗﺮ {ﺧﻮ Yﻣﻘﺪ
،ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮYﺑﺮ { ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻓﺘﺎ
Á Ã{ﺑﻮ ﻻﺳﺘﻮﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚY ﻓﺘــﺎ ﻳﻚ
،Õﻣﺤﻮﺗﻚ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ًﻻﻣﻌﻤﻮ
ﺣﺘــﻰ Á ﺑﺎﺷــﺪﻣﻰ 0/008 Y ﺑﻴــﺶ
ﻧﻴﺰ {ﺻﺪ 1/5 Y ﺑﻴــﺶ Õﻫﺎﻛﺮﻧﺶ
ﻫﺮﭼﻪ .ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪﻣﻰ {ﺳــﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ
،ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻜﺴــﺖ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ½Yﻣﻴﺰ
ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ÕﻧﺮژY [ﺟﺬ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ
{ﺑﻮ ﻫﺪYﺧﻮ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ[M Y{ﻳــﻮ {
{ﭼﺎ ﻟﺰﻟــﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ { ﻧﺘﻴﺠــﻪ { Á
ﮔﺮﭼﻪ .ﺷــﺪ ﻫﺪYﻧﺨﻮ ﺧﻮ{ﮔــﻰﺗﺮ
ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﺔY µÁﻣﺪ ½Yﻣﻴﺰ
ﻻ ﻳﻦÁﻣﺸﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ - ½ﻗﻴﺎYﻋﺮ ﺣﻤﻴﺪﺿﺎ
ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺷﻜﻞ Õﻫﺎﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ - ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ -1 ﺷﻜﻞ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪﻫﻤﻪ Õﻫﺎﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺎ
- 2. 1385{Y{ﻫﺸﺖ/ﻣﺮÁÃﭘﻨﺠﺎÃﺷﻤﺎ/[Mﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ{ﺟﻬﺎﺷﺮﻛﺖﺧﻠﻲY{ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ
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3
ﺑﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧــﻪ ،ﻧﻴــﺰ ﻫﺎﻧﻪYﺳــﻨﮕﺪ
ﺑﺮ ،ﺳﺖY ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ
.ﺳــﺖY Yﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲY µÁﻣﺪ
Ãﻋﻤﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮY ﻳــﻦY ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺒﺘــﻪY
ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ { ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ
،ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﻲ ½M cﻣﻼ { ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ Y
ﺛﺮY ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻳﻦY ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﻢYﺗﻮﻣﻲ
µÁﻣﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻪYﺳــﻨﮕﺪ ﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲY µÁﻣــﺪ
ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﻲ ¹Á{ {ﺟﻪ ﺛﺮY ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲY
ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﺔY µÁﻣﺪ ﺑﺎ Õﻫﺎﺑﺘﻦ { Á
ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺑﻰ ًﺎﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ (10000 Y )ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﻢ
.ﺳﺖY
ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ÕYﺑﺮ ÃY ﺗﺮﻳﻦÕ{ﻗﺘﺼﺎY
ﺳﺖY ﺳﺮﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ،ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ
ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ Á{ ﺑﻪ Y ½ﻣﻌﺪ •ﻣﺨﻠﻮ ﻛــﻪ
.ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ Á ﺷﻦ
:ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺖ - {
ÕﻫﺎY{ﻳﻮ { Ã{ﺳﺘﻔﺎY {ﻣﻮ ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺖ
API {YﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪY ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺪ[M
.ﺑﺎﺷﺪ
:ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚﺑﺘﻦ•ﺧﺘﻼYÁﺳﺎﺧﺖ-3
ﺑﺎﻳﺪ YﺑﺘﺪY ،ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ {
{ .{ﻧﻤﻮ Ã{ﻣــﺎM Y ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺘﻰ [ﻏﺎÁ{
ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺖ YﺑﺘﺪY ،[ﻏﺎÁ{ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ
.{ﺷﻮﻣﻰ •ﻣﺨﻠﻮ ﺑﺘﻦ { {ﻣﻮﺟﻮ [M
ﺑﺘﻦ { Ã{ﺳﺘﻔﺎY {ﻣﻮ [ﻏﺎÁ{ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ
12 ﺗــﺎ 2 Ã{Áﻣﺤــﺪ { ،ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ
ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ÕYﺑﺮ .ﺑﺎﺷــﺪﻣﻰ {ﺻﺪ
1400) ﺑﺎﻻ Á{ Õﻣﻴﻜﺴﺮﻫﺎ ،ﻏﺎﺑﻰÁ{
ﻟﻴﻪÁY ﻣﻴﻜﺴﺮ ½Yﻋﻨﻮ ﺑﻪ (Á{ 2400 ﺗﺎ
½ﻣﺎ .ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻣﻰ Yﻗﺮ Ã{ﺳــﺘﻔﺎY {ﻣﻮ
{ﻗﻴﻘﻪ 10 {Áﺣــﺪ { ﻟﻴﻪÁY •ﺧﺘــﻼY
،[ﻏﺎÁ{ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ Y ﺑﻌﺪ .ﺳﺖY ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ
ÕÁMﻋﻤﻞ ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ 24 ﺑﺎﻳﺪ [ﻏــﺎÁ{
Y ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴــﺖ [ﻏــﺎÁ{ .{ﺷــﻮ
ﻟﺰﺟﻲ ًﺎﻧﺴﺒﺘ Ã{ﻣﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ،ÕÁMﻋﻤﻞ
،ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺖ .ﻳﺪMﻣﻰ { Õﺷــﻴﺮ ﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ
ژﻻﺗﻴﻨﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ،½ﺳــﻜﻮ cﺻﻮ {
Yﭘﻴﺪ ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY ½M ÕÁﻧــﺮYﮔﺮ Á ÃﻣﺪM{
ﺧﻞY{ { ًﺎﺣﺘﻤــ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ Yﻟﺬ .ﻛﻨــﺪﻣﻰ
ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ¹YM ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎ ،ÕYﻧﮕﻬﺪ ¥ﻇﺮ
.(ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ )ﻣﻴﻜﺴﺮ {ﺷﻮ Ã{
Á ½ﺳﻴﻤﺎ •ﻣﺨﻠﻮ ﺑﻪ [ﻏﺎÁ{ ﺳﭙﺲ
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ .{ﺷﻮﻣﻰ Ã{ÁﻓﺰY ﻫﺎﻧﻪYﺳــﻨﮕﺪ
{ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ÕYﺟﺮY ‰Á ﺑــﻪ
ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺘــﻦ )ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨــﺪ[M ÕﻫــﺎY{ﻳﻮ
ﻛﻢYﻣﺘﺮ Á Ãﺷــﺪ Õﺟﺎ {ﺧﻮ ½Á ﺛﺮY
ﺑﺎﻳﺪ Ãﺗــﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳــﻼﻣﭗY ،({ﺷــﻮﻣﻰ
{ .ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘــﺮ 200 Y ﺑﻴــﺶ
ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ½ﺷــﺪ Yﺟﺪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻮﺗﻰ
،ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺷــﺘﻪYﻧﺪ {ﺟﻮÁ Ãﺗﺎ ﺑﺘــﻦ {
250 ﺗﺎ Ãﺗــﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳــﻼﻣﭗY ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY
cﺻﻮ { .ﺳــﺖY ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ
،Ãﮔﺮ{ﻧﺪ ¹Y{ Õﻣﻴﻜﺴﺮﻫﺎ { •ﺧﺘﻼY
ﺳــﻨﮕﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ YﺑﺘﺪY {{ﮔﺮﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ
ﺳــﭙﺲ Á ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ •ﻣﺨﻠﻮ ½ﺳــﻴﻤﺎ Á
.{ﺷﻮ ﻳﺨﺘﻪ ½M ÕÁ ﺑﺮ [ﻏﺎÁ{
:ﻫﺎﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ÕYﮔﺬﻛﻼﻫﻚ -4
،ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻼﻫﻚ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣــﺪ
ﺛﺮY Ãﺷــﺪ ﺋﺖYﻗﺮ Õﻓﺸــﺎ ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ ﺑﺮ
،ﺑﻬﺘﺮ cﻋﺒــﺎ ﺑﻪ .{Yﮔــﺬﻣﻰ Õ{ﻳﺎ
µÁﻣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﭙﻴﻨــﮓ Ã{ﻣــﺎ Y Ã{ﺳــﺘﻔﺎY
ﻧﻮﻋﻰ {ﻳﺠﺎY ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ،{ﻳﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪY
Õﻫﺎﻗﺴــﻤﺖ { ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺷــﺪﮔﻰ ﺛﺮY
،ﻣﺮY ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ {ﺷﻮﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻰY
Á ﺑﺘﻦ Õﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY ﻣﻮﺟﺐ
.ﮔﺮ{ﻳﺪ ﻫﺪYﺧﻮ ½M ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﺔY µÁﻣﺪ
ÕYﺑﺮ ،ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ Õﻫــﺎﺑﺘﻦ { Yﻟــﺬ
Y ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﭙﻴﻨﮓ Ã{ﻣﺎ ،ﺛﺮY ﻳــﻦY ﻛﺎﻫﺶ
Y{ﺑﺮﺧﻮ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣﺪ ﻗﻞYﺣﺪ
ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺛــﺮY ﻓﺎﻗﺪ Á Ã{ﺑــﻮ
½ﺳﻴﻤﺎ {ﭘﻮ Y Ã{ﺳــﺘﻔﺎY .ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺑﺘﻦ
ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻟﻰ Õﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ Õﻧﺤﻮ ﺑــﻪ
¥ﺻﺎ Y ½M ﺳﻄﺢ Á Ã{ﻧﻤﻮ ﭘﺮ Y ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ
ﺑﺎ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ Õﻫﺎﺑﺘﻦ ÕYﺑــﺮ ،ﻛﻨــﺪ
.ﺳﺖY ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ،ﻛﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣﺪ
،Ãﺷــﺪ ¹ﻧﺠﺎY ÉﻫﺎﻣﺎﻳﺶM ﻃﺒــﻖ ﺑﺮ
ﺳﺎﻋﺖ 2 {Áﺣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﭽﻰ Y Ã{ﺳﺘﻔﺎY
ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ ،ﺳﺖY ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ½M •ﺧﺘﻼY Y
ﺑﻪ ¹ﻻ .{ﻫﺪﻣﻰ ﻛﺎﻫــﺶ Y µÁﻣﺪ Á
ﻛﭙﻴﻨﮓ Ã{ﻣﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳــﺖY }ﻛﺮ
.(2 )ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﻞYﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ
:ÕYﺑﺎﮔﺬ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ -5
ASTM {YﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪY { {ﺗــﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ
{ﺷــﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﺑــﻪ D2850
{ﺻﺪ 6 ﺗﺎ 3 ﻛﺮﻧﺶ Ã{Áﻣﺤﺪ { ﻛﻪ
ﺑﺘﻦ { .ﺑﺮﺳــﻨﺪ ﻓﻲYﻧﺤﺮY ﺗﻨــﺶ ﺑــﻪ
ﻛﺮﻧﺶ Ãﺑــﺎ ﻳﻦY ًﺎﻋﻤﺪﺗ ،ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ
.{{ﮔﺮﻣﻲ {Áﻣﺤﺪ {ﺻﺪ 3 ﺗﺎ 0/5 ﺑﻪ
ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ًﺎﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﻳﻦYﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ
ﺗﺮ{ﺗﺮ ﺷﺸــﻢﻳﻚ ﺧــﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑــﻪ
.ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﻲ
ÉYﺑــﺮ ASTM D2850 {YﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪY
Y ÉYﺑـﺎﮔﺬ ﺳـــﺮﻋـﺖ ،{ﺗﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟـﺢ
{ﺻﺪ 0/3 ،)ﻣﻨﻈﻮ {ﺻــﺪm 0/3min
ÉYﺑﺮ ﻛــﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻔــﺎY Y
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ Éﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ 30 ﻧﻪYﺳــﺘﻮY ﻳﻚ
½ﺳﻴﻤﺎ {ﭘﻮ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ Õﻫﺎﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ÕYﮔﺬﻛﻼﻫﻚ -2 ﺷﻜﻞ
- 3. 1385{Y{ﻫﺸﺖ/ﻣﺮÁÃﭘﻨﺠﺎÃﺷﻤﺎ/[Mﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ{ﺟﻬﺎﺷﺮﻛﺖﺧﻠﻲY{ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ
/news@jtma.org/WWW.JTMA.ORG
4
{ﺳــﺖ ﺑــﻪ 0/9Ámm/min ÉYﺑﺎﮔــﺬ
ﻳﻦY ﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻣﻲ {ﭘﻴﺸــﻨﻬﺎ (ﻳﺪMﻣﻲ
ÉYﺑﺎﮔــﺬ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ½Yﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ
{Áﺣـﺪ { Y ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴـﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ÉYﺑـﺮ
.{ﻧﻤﻮ {ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ 0/1Ámm/min
:ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ { ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﻮ -6
ﺣﻴــﻦ ،ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ Õﻫــﺎﺑﺘﻦ {
ﻗﺎﺋﻢ Õﻫﺎﺗﺮ YﺑﺘﺪY ًﻻﻣﻌﻤﻮ ،ﺷﻜﺴﺖ
ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ Á ﮔﻴﺮﻧــﺪﻣﻰ ﺷــﻜﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ {
ﻗﺴﻤﺖ Y ½{ﻛﺮ {ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ Áﺷــﺮ ﻛﻢﻛﻢ
{Yﻣﻮ Yﻣﻘﺪ ﻫﺮﭼــﻪ .ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪﻣﻰ ﻣﻴﺎﻧــﻰ
ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ([ﻏﺎÁ{) [M Á ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻧﻰ
ﻫﺎﺗﺮ ،ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ
.(3 )ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺰ{ﻳﻜﺘﺮﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻪ ًﻻﻣﻌﻤﻮ
ÕYﺑﺮ ¹ﻻ ÕﻫﺎﻣﺎﻳﺶM ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ -7
:ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ
Õﻓﺸــﺎ ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﺶM ﺑﺮ ÃÁﻋﻼ
ÕﻫﺎﻣﺎﻳﺶM ،ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣﺪ Á
،Õﻣﺤﻮﺳــﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﺶM ﻧﻈﻴﺮ Õ{ﻳﮕــﺮ
¹ﻧﺠﺎY Ãﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺴﻴﺘﺔY{ Á Õﻧﻔﻮ}ﭘﺬﻳﺮ
.{ﺷﻮﻣﻰ
:Ãﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪY{ ﻣﺎﻳﺶM -1-7
ﻳﻚ Y Ã{ﺳﺘﻔﺎY ﺑﺎ Ãﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪY{
ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺎ ÕYﻧﻪYﺳــﺘﻮY ﻗﺎﻟﺐ
Ãﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺴــﻴﺘﺔY{ .ﻳﺪMﻣﻰ {ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ
ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ½YÁY ﻣﺠﻤــﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺑــﺮYﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ
ﻳﻦY { .ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺑﺘــﻦ Ç{ﻫﻨﺪﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ
ﻓﺎ ﻛــﻪ {ﺷــﻮﻣﻰ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ،cﺻﻮ
ﻧﺎﻳﻰYﺗﻮ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ { [ﻏــﺎÁ{
Y ﻣﺼﺎﻟــﺢ ﻓــﺎ ﺷــﺘﻦYﻧﮕﻬﺪ Áﺷــﻨﺎ
ﺧﺖYﻳﻜﻨﻮ ﺑﺘــﻦ Á ﺷــﺘﻪY{ {ﺧــﻮ {
.ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﻰ
:Õﻣﺤﻮﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﺶM -2-7
ÕﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎYﭘﺎﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦÕYﺑﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶMﻳﻦY
.{Y{ {ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺷــﻰ
)ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ CU ﻧﻮ Y ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ،ﻣﺎﻳﺶM ﻧﻮ
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ Y .ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (Ãﻧﺸﺪ ﻫﻜﺸــﻰ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ
ÕﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎYﭘﺎ ½Yﺗــﻮﻣﻰ ﻣﺎﻳــﺶM ﻳﻦY
ÃY{ﻳﻮ Õﻫﺎﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ { Ã{ﺳــﺘﻔﺎY {ﻣﻮ
.{ﻧﻤﻮ ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ Y ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ
:Õﻧﻔﻮ}ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﺶM -3-7
Õﻧﻔﻮ}ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦÕYﺑﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶMﻳﻦY
ﺑﻬﺘﺮ .{ﺷﻮﻣﻰ Ã{ﺳﺘﻔﺎY ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ
ÕÁ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻰM ﻓﺸﺎ ½{ﻳﺎYﮔﺮ ﺳــﺖY
µ{ﻣﻌﺎ ًﺎﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ،{ﺷــﻮﻣﻰ µﻋﻤﺎY ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ
ﺑﺘﻦ ÇY{ﻳﻮ { {ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ﻓﺸــﺎ ½{ﻳﺎYﮔﺮ
،ﺑﻬﺘﺮ cﻋﺒــﺎ ﺑﻪ .ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ
ﺗﻔﺎY { [M ﻓﺸــﺎ ¥ﺧﺘﻼY ﻧﺴﺒﺖ
ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮYﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ،ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ
Á ﺑﺎﻻ{ﺳــﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ [M ﻓﺸــﺎ ¥ﺧﺘﻼY
ÃY{ﻳﻮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ {ﺳﺖﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ
}ﻛﺮ ﺑﻪ ¹ﻻ .ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ
ﻛﺎﻫﺶ Á ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY ﻛﻪ ﺳــﺖY
ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY Á ½ﺳــﻴﻤﺎ ﺑــﻪ [M ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ
ﺑﺘﻦ Õﻧﻔﻮ}ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ،ﻫﺎﻧﻪYﺳــﻨﮕﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ
.{ﻫﻨﺪﻣﻰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ Y ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ
:ﻫﺎﻣﺎﻳﺶM ¹ﻧﺠﺎY ﺳﻦ -8
ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ ÕﻫﺎﻣﺎﻳﺶM ¹ﻧﺠــﺎY ½ﻣﺎ
ًﺎﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤ ،ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣﺪ Á Õﻓﺸﺎ
µÁﻣﺪ cYﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ
ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ½M Y ﭘﺲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﻪY
Y{ﻳﻮ ÕYﺑﺮ Ãﺷﺪ ÕﮔﻴﺮÃYﻧﺪY µÁﻣﺪ ﺗﺎ
ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ،ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ
.ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺰ{ﻳﻚ ½M ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ
¹ﻧﺠﺎY ،Õﻧﻔﻮ}ﭘﺬﻳــﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﺶM ÕYﺑــﺮ
ﺟﻬﺖ { ،ÃÁ 28 ﺳــﻦ { ﻣﺎﻳﺶM
Õﻧﻔﻮ}ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ Á Ã{ﺑــﻮ ½ﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎY
½M ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ Yﻣﻘﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ Y Õﻛﻤﺘﺮ
.{Y{ ﻫﺪYﺧﻮ {ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ
:Õﮔﻴﺮﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ -9
ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ،ﻧﻪYﺳــﻨﮕﺪ ﺳــﺎﻳﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ -
ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ،[ﻏﺎÁ{ ﺣﺠﻢ ½ﻣﺎﻧﺪ
ﺳﻼﻣﭗY Á {ﺷﻮﻣﻰ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣﺪ
.{ﻫﺪﻣﻰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ Y
ﻳــﺶYﻓﺰY ،ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘــﻦ { -
،ﺷــﺪﮔﻰYﺟﺪ ﻛﺎﻫــﺶ ،ﺑﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴــﺖ
Y ﻧﺸﺴﺖ Á ﺟﻮﺷﺶ Á ﺧﺘﮕﻰYﻧﺪY[M
.{ﺷﻮﻣﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ
½ﺳــﻴﻤﺎ ﺑــﻪ [M Õﻫﺎﻧﺴــﺒﺖ { -
Õ{ﻳﺎ ﺛﺮY ،[ﻏﺎÁ{ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ،{ﻳﺎ
.{Yﻧﺪ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣﺪ ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY ﺑﺮ
ﻛﻢYﺗﺮ {ﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ،ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ { -
،ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ
ﺑﺮ ،½ﺳــﻴﻤﺎ ﺑــﻪ [M ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮ
ﺑﺘﻦ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﻪY µÁﻣــﺪ cYﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮ
.{Y{ Õﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ
ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖÁÕYﮔﺬﻛﻼﻫﻚÃ{ﻣﺎﻧﻮ-
ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﺔY µÁﻣﺪ Á ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ ﺑﺮ ½M
ﻳﺶYﻓﺰY .ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﻰ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ
µÁﻣﺪ ÕYﮔﺬﻛﻼﻫﻚ Ã{ﻣــﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ
Y Õﻓﺸــﺎ ﻣﺖÁﻣﻘﺎ Á ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﻪY
.{ﻫﺪﻣﻰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ
Email:hra@hra.ir
2000kg/cm
2
{Áﺣﺪ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﺔY µÁﻣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ { ﺷﻜﺴﺖ -3 ﺷﻜﻞ