8. Navigate to … … how it works
Did you know that:
- Up to 15 alternative routes
between START & FINISH
- But People use/know only 1 or 2
[Jansen & Den Adel, 1987] [Bovy & Stern 1990]
- Unawareness causes traffic jams
13. IQR Speed Input: Step Function of Speed Values
AMS ➔ A8 Zaanstad, outwards town
per profile one look-up table with 7x24x12 values (5 min slots)
Confidential & Internal - TomTom International b.v.
13
14. Route Planning with Time-Dependent Speeds
Destination @ 17:00
B
A @ 15:59
12 min @ 15:55 - 15:59
@ 15:00
Start
14
15. Route Planning with Time-Dependent Speeds
Destination @ 17:02
Destination @ 17:07
C 13 min @ 15:55 - 15:59
13 min @ 16:00 - 16:05
@ 16:00
(+1 min) A 18 min @ 16:00 - 16:05
12 min @ 15:55 - 15:59
Start
15
16. Route Planning with Time-Dependent Speeds
17:02
17:07
16:00
(+1 min)
15:00
The network in front of you is changing with the minute
... and so does your fastest route!
16
17. Time-expanded Network
Time
Implicitly we are working on a much more
complex time-expanded network. 17
18. Continuous Re-calculation
17:02
17:07
16:00 continuously search in the back
(+1 min) for faster routes or ETA adjustment
15:00 • How many bifurcation points?
• How many route calculations?
• Timeliness?
• Better de-tours?
• Different approach possible?
18
19. TomTom’s Challenge: To find the Best Route
amongst all Options for any Traffic Situation
Europe Map: 50 million crossings, 120 million roads….
and 800 sextillion (21 zeros) possible routes
All routes together consume space equal to 50 billion times the current size of the internet
Calculating all routes would take 25 trillion years
So finding the best route takes time …
but we’ve found a solution that is FAST & EXACT .
TomTom IP: on- & off-board solution for FAST & EXACT Route Planning (Apollo)
[WO 2011004026: NAVIGATION DEVICES AND METHODS CARRIED OUT THEREON],[WO 2011004029: NAVIGATION DEVICES]…
Over 100 scientific publications in Mathematics/CS Community
[Schilling, PhD’06], [Lauther, ‘04], [Sanders, Schulte, ESA’08], [Delling, ESA’09], [Goldberg, SODA’02] …
20. On-Board Planning Time (200 km route)
TomTom 10 20 30 40 50 60 sec.
100%
-
-
-
-
95%
-
-
-
-
Quality
90%
-
-
-
-
85%
-
-
Competitor Systems
-
-
80%
21. Fast & Exact Routing: On-Board Planning Time (200 km)
TomTom
20% BETTER* routes in Europe
30% BETTER* routes in North America
(*) compared to standard routing technologies
22. FAST & EXACT Routing – Off-Board Planning Time: 10–35ms
200.000 routes requests categorized according to distance:
• without Apollo we broke up the worker after a few days and 143.000 calculations
• with Apollo 200.000 OD pairs were calculated in a few hours
FAST & EXACT Routing Worker
Standard Routing Worker
23. FASTFast EXACTRouting Demo
& & Exact Routing Demo
DEMO
Standard Calculation Time: 35 Seconds Fast Calculation Time: 1 Second
2 identical devices
2 identical devices
• ARM9 CPU, 266 MHz, 64 MB RAM, 32 bit memory bandwidth
ARM9 CPU, 266 MHz, 64 MB RAM, 32 bit memory bandwidth
IQ Route Request on a Benelux 2008.10 Map with a 9 Mb sidefile
IQSchengen, Luxembourg Benelux 2008.10 Map with a NL (City
• Route Calculation on a (City Center) à Eemshaven, 9 Mb sidefile
Center)
Schengen, Luxembourg à Eemshaven, Netherlands
• Identical results: 597 km in 5:43 hrs with 38 instructions
Identical results: 597 km – 5:43 hrs – 38 instructions
24. FAST & EXACT Routing Demo
Standard FAST
Calculation Time: Calculation Time:
35 seconds 1 second
2 identical devices
ARM9 CPU, 266 MHz, 64 MB RAM, 32 bit memory bandwidth
IQ Route Calculation on a Benelux 2008.10 Map with a 9 Mb sidefile
Schengen, Luxembourg à Eemshaven, Netherlands
Identical results: 597 km – 5:43 hrs – 38 instructions
25. Apollo: Exact Route Planner
Luxembourg 2008.10 map
• Identical ETT w/o Apollo = 86%
• Faster ETT with Apollo = 14%
• Slower ETT with Apollo = 0% IQR improved
35% of routes
Benelux 2008.10 map
• Identical ETT w/o Apollo = 83% Apollo improves
• Faster ETT with Apollo = 17%
20+ % on top
• Slower ETT with Apollo = 0%
WCE & NAM 2008.10 map
• Faster ETT with Apollo = 20 %
(non-Apollo standard A* route planner using all heuristics vs. Apollo
route planner; Route comparison on ~ 10.000 random origin-destination pairs)
26. Sunday Lunch Time: Apollo saved you 12 minutes of 1:26 hrs
A* std route Apollo route
33. Best Possible Route at Any Point in Time
Based on Historic Traffic/Speed Profiles
London (W) à London (E)
Travel Time [minutes]
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Time [hours in week]
