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English in India: History, evolution and future
- 1. English in India: History Evolution and Futures Hema Goswami Visiting Faculty at Maharani Shree Nandkunvarba Mahila Arts and Commerce College GSET Qualified
- 2. About this templateHistory of English 1. Lingua Franca 2. One of the six official Language ny UNO 3. The India-British Encounter 4. Trade and Commerce 5. writings about Social reforms 6. Introduction of western education 7. Thomas Macauley 8. Lord William bentick 9. ‘The Tutor’ by Johen Miller 10. The first English Newspaper in Hicky’s Bengal Gazette 2
- 3. About this templateColonial Period 1. “Indian in blood and color but English in taste and opinion” 2. Fit for Employment 3. University of London were established in Bombay, Calcutta, Madras (1835-1855) 4. Common Medium of Communication 5. Creative Purposes 6. English as a tool against British Raj 7. Magna Carta of English education in India: Wood’s Despatch 8. Hunter Commission 3
- 4. Post independence ◉ Hindi as official language ◉ Protest from Tamil Nadu and other non-Hindi speaking states ◉ English language Amendment Bill: Associate language ◉ English is rich in literature humanistic, scientific and technical ◉ International language of communication ◉ Kothari Commission (July 1964) ◉ Travelled a long distance ◉ Main key toward success ◉ Important language in India 4
- 5. Evolution ◉ Came in 17th Century ◉ First motive is trade with India ◉ Initially they tried to learn Indian Language ◉ When their political power increased, some missionary institutions taught English to Indians ◉ It is also communication language among Indians who spoke different Languages 5
- 6. Future of English 1. English in Legal, Financial, educational or business enterprises 2. Various courses for spoken English 3. Language laboratory and computer assisted language learning (CALL) 4. Television Channels 5. Major foreign language in India 6. Global Language 7. Increasing demand of English medium school 8. Employment 9. Social and Geographical Mobility 6 Place your screenshot here
- 8. Rabindranath Tagore ◉ Versatile Genius ◉ He was much influenced by Kalidas, Dante and Shakespeare ◉ In his childhood, he wrote ‘Banphul’, a narrative poem, which contains 7000 lines ◉ "Bhagna Hriday” it is a poem of joy and sorrow ◉ Won noble prize for Gitanjali (a collection of short poems) ◉ George v, the British King gave him the title of ‘Knighthood’ ◉ He gave up his title in protest against Jallianwala bagh Massacre 8
- 9. “Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; where the knowledge is free 9
- 10. Sarojini Naidu ◉ Arthur symons wrote about Sarojini Naidu “all the life of the tiny figure seemed to concentrate itself in th eyes; they fused toward beauty as the sunflower turns towards the sun ◉ During the world war I in 1914, She met Mahatma Gandhi, this changed her whole life nad career, she became freedom fighter ◉ Her long poem “The Lady of the Lake consisting 1300 lines ◉ Major collection of poems ”The Golden Threshold” (1905) ◉ The Bird of time (1912) ◉ The Broken Wing (1917) ◉ Famous poems: Indian Weavers, The Palanquin Bearers, The Gift Of India, Bangle sellers, The Anthem of love and Village song. 10
- 11. Let’s review some concepts Arundhati Roy Her first novel ‘God of Small things’ published on 4th april,1997, in Delhi Swami Vivekanand His main literary works are “Raja Yog”, ‘karama Yog’ and ‘Bhakti Yog’, ‘Kali, ‘The Mother’ Raja Rao First novel “Kanthapura”. He was influenced by Andre Malrux’s novels Kamala das Poetry was in her blood, her real name is Madhavi Kutty. There is an autobiographical element in her poem “An Introduction” Anita Desai Her stories were published in Children’s magazines. Her collection of stories for children-the Peacock Garden, Cat on a house Boat and Village by the sea. Girish Karnad his first play ‘Yayati’ published in 1961, it Is the story of Hindu Myth. Arnold king wants to exchange his old age with the youth of one of his sons Some important Writers 11
- 12. Bhabani Bhattacharya His first novel was published in 1947 entitled “So many hungers”, second novel in the title ‘He who Rides a Tiger’, third novel ; ‘A Goddess named Gold’ Amrita Pritam She edited Nagmani, a monthly literary magazine in Punjabi. She was considered the first woman Punjabi Poet, writer, novelist, essayist and autobiographer Khushwant Singh He edited ‘Yojana’, an Indian government journal, his work ‘Train to Pakistan’ written in 1956. he wrote political commentary and contemporary satire. Shashi Despande She worked as a journalist for the magazine ‘Onlooker’. Her first novel ‘The Dark holds no terrror (1999) VS Naipaul He dedicated his celebrabated novel ‘A house for Mr Biswas’ to his wife Patrica Anu Hale RK Narayan 'R’ in his name represents the name of his village ‘Rashipuram’ and ‘k’, the name of his father ‘Krishna Swami’. Malgudi days is his best work Some important writers 12
- 13. About this templateMalgudi Days 1. The Book includes 32 stories, all set in the fictional town of Malgudi, located in South India (1942) 2. Every story gives moral lesson 3. Most of the stories related to poor and middle class family 4. Each of the stories presents everyday life with a humorous twist 5. Author presents challenges and conflicts that the residents of the town of Malgudi face. 13
- 14. Swami and Friends 1. Theme of disobedience conflict,control, authority, power, rebellion and Independence 2. Protagonist : Swaminathan 3. An afraid boy 4. In the end Swaminathan knowingly rebel against the system 5. Swaminathan is beaten for no good reason, just as like indians were beaten by Britishers 6. Authority can abuse their power 14
- 15. About this templateOthers 1. Vijay Tendulkar 2. Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan 3. Salman Rushdie 4. Manohar Malgonkar 5. Toru dutt 6. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio 7. Michael Madhusudan Dutt 8. Mulk Raj Anand 9. Sri Aurobindo 15 10. Amitav Ghosh 11. Kiran Desai 12. Shobhaa De 13. T P Kailasam 14. Shashi Tharoor 15. Arun Kolatkar 16. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 17. Nissim Ezekiel 18. Vikram Seth
- 16. About this templateHow? 1. The questions are not about only famous personality, there are also the names which you have never heard. 2. It is not like remembering writer and his work only, you need to know about some famous characters, some lines, so that you can Identify the writer. 3. Try to remember work chronologically 4. Similar choices are given for confusion 5. Translations 6. Read about some technical details of work 16
- 17. About this templateMy views 1. You are not supposed to score full marks 2. Whatever teacher is teaching, It is a kind of observation that how you are supposed to prepare, it’s no like that whatever he is teaching will definitely come in exam. 3. Read about one writer everyday 4. Read original book of writer in your spare time 5. Write one blog daily, if not daily then once in a month. 6. Prepare for NET, then it become an easy way to qualified SET 7. No need to stress by thinking about ocean like syllabus, you are definitely not supposed to study or remember all. 8. Hard work requires 9. Never give up, you will definitely achieve success 17
- 18. Some questions from previous question papers 18
- 28. About this templateSome important books 1. Edward Albert’s History of English Literature 2. K.R Srinivasa Iyengar’s Indian Writing in English 3. M.H Abrams’s A Glossary of Literary Terms 4. David Daiches’s A critical history of English Literature 5. Arihant Publications for NET/SET 28
- 30. Thank You