Supramolecules, cyclodextrins, crownethers,cage compound, channel compound ,charge transfer complexes

1. SESSION : - 2018 - 19
SUBJECT:- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
SUBMITTED BY : -
HIMANSHU ASATI
M.Sc. 3rd SEM
Sr. No. - 11
SUBMITTED TO : -
DR. ARUN KAKKAR
DR.M.L.KHOOBCHANDANI
(DEPT. OF CHEMISTRY)
CHEMISTRY(HOD) :- DR. ANJALI BAJPAI

5. INTRODUCTION
 “Supramolecular chemistry” - “chemistry beyond
the molecule”
 A supermolecule formed by the association of two or more
chemical species held together by intermolecular forces. Like..
hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions
and metal coordination.

8. SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY – IN NATURE

10. BONDING BETWEEN MOLECULES
• Hydrogen bonding - This relatively strong type of
inter-molecular bonding between a hydrogen atom and
an electron pair or electronegative atom.
• Dipole interaction
• London forces -These are induced forces caused
by a temporary rearrangement of the electron clouds
when molecules bump together.

11. O
H
H
H
O
H
H
O
H
HYDROGEN BONDING

12. DIPOLE INTERACTION
• The partial positive and negative ends of
the molecules hold the molecules
together.

13. LONDON DISPERSION FORCES (LDF)
London forces are induced dipoles caused
temporary rearrangement of the electron cloud.

14. ASSEMBLED BY Π-Π INTERACTION
Some simple models:
Cation–π
interaction
benzene and a
Na cation.
Polar π
interaction
water molecule
and benzene
Π - π interaction
e rich benzene & e poor
hexafluorobenzene

15. chemistry of
molecules
built to
specific
shapes
chemistry of
molecular
assembly from
numerous
molecules
molecular recognition
chemistry
chemistry associated with
a molecule recognizing a
partner molecule
“lock and key”
host–guest chemistry
[Amphiphilic
molecules –
micelles, lipids..]
[Rotaxane, catenane,
Dendrimers,
Fullerene, CNTs..]
[Crown ether, Polyamines,
Cyclodextrin, calixarne..]
CLASSIFICATION OF SUPRAMOLECULES

16. Supramolecules in different
forms

17. HOST-GUEST CHEMISTRY

18. Host-guest chemistry 3D representation

19. INCLUSION COMPLEXES

20. CHANNEL TYPES

21. LAYER TYPES

22. CLATHRATES

23. (Host)
(Guest)

24. MONOMOLECULAR TYPE

25. GUEST HOST COMPLEX

26. LOCK-AND-KEY C0NCEPT

27. HOST

28.  Artificial cyclic host
 Accidentally found as a byproduct of an organic reaction.
 When Pedersen synthesized bisphenol, contaminations
from impurities led to the production of a small amount of a
cyclic hexaether.
CROWN ETHERS

29. Crown

30. Different views of crown ether complexes

31.  Nitrogen based cyclic host
 Replacing the oxygen atoms in the crown ethers by nitrogen atoms
macrocyclic polyamines.
 Strong basic nature of the amine group results in unique host
properties.
 Thioether-type crown compounds (crown ethers with sulfur
atoms instead of oxygen atoms) are called as thiacrowns.
MACROCYCLIC POLYAMINES

32.  A Naturally Occurring Cyclic Host
 It can be obtained from starch via certain enzymes.
 The enzyme changes polysaccharide into a cyclic oligomer
.
 6,7,8 glycopyranside units (are called α-, β- and γ -
cyclodextrin, respectively)
CYCLODEXTRINS

33. Structure of a cyclodextrin

34. Pore diameter of
cyclodextrin

35. CYCLODEXTRINS -: TYPES

36. CALIXARENE
 A versatile macrocyclic host.
 made from phenol units linked through methylene bridges.
 name “calixarene” reflects the structures of these molecules.
Calix[4]arene

37. Structure Of Calixarene

38. CALIXARENES- EXAMPLES
Macrocycles that are made from phenol or P-tert-butylphenol.
Calix[4]arene Calix[8]areneCalix[6]arene

39. DIFFERENT VIEWS OF CALIX[4]ARENE

40.  3 Dimensional cyclic cavity host made from aromatic rings that
recognize hydrophobic guest molecules.
 Three dimensional cavities can be constructed by attaching
tails, walls and caps to the cyclic hosts.
CYCLOPHANE

42. CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEX

43. DONORS AND ACCEPTORS

45. ELECTRON TRANSFER

46. EXAMPLES OF CT COMPLEXES
Iron(lll)thiocyanate complex
Iron(ll)phenanthroline complex

47. COLOURLESS
Napthalene-picric acid complex

48. CT COMPLEX SHOWING COLOUR

49. ABSORPTION SPECTRA DUE TO CT

50. ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF CT COMPLEXES

51. APPLICATIONS OF SUPRAMOLECULES

52. APPLICATIONS
Phase transfer agents
 Drug delivery
 Separation of mixtures
 Molecular sensor
Swithces and molecular machinery
Catalysts

53. Phase transfer agents
Drug delivery
Separation of mixtures
Molecular sensors
Swithces and molecular machinery
Catalysts
APPLICATIONS

54. CYCLODEXTRIN AS DRUG DELIVERY AGENT

55. Drug delivery

56. Separation of mixtures -: Isotopes
APPLICATIONS

57. Phase transfer agents
 Drug delivery
 Separation of mixtures
 Molecular sensors
Swithces and molecular machinery
 Catalysts
APPLICATIONS

58. CROWN ETHER - AS MOLECULAR SENSOR

59. Phase transfer agents
 Drug delivery
Separation of mixtures
 Molecular sensors
Swithces and molecular machinery
Catalysts
APPLICATIONS

60. APPLICATIONS
Phase transfer agents
 Drug delivery
Separation of mixtures
 Molecular sensors
 Swithces and molecular machinery
 Catalysts

61. CUCURBITURIL -AS CATALYST