The use of nanoparticles and nanotechnology to enhance the microbial activity to remove pollutants, they also enhance bioremediation. NanoBioremediation has the potential not only to reduce the overall costs of cleaning up large-scale contaminated sites, but it can also reduce clean up time.

1. A
PRESENTATION
ON
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOREMEDIATION
Presented by :
Himanshu Dixit
16EUCNT600
CENTRE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY, RTU KOTA
10-11-2017

2. CONTENTS
Remediation & Bioremediation
Nanobioremediation
Nanobioremediation Tools
Iron nanoparticles & Zero-Valent Iron nanoparticles
Applications of Nanobioremediation
Sensing of Pollutants
Prevention
Conclusion
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3. REMEDIATION
The field of study that focuses on investigating the clean up or removal of contaminants from the environment is
called “environmental remediation”.
Environmental remediation techniques use various methods to remove and/or break-down (degrade) environmental
contaminants in polluted soil, surface water, ground water as well as in sediments.
ex situ techniques: Removing the contaminated soil, sediment, or water from the polluted sites and then treating the
pollution above ground.
in situ techniques: Clean up the contamination while it is still in the ground without the need of off-site treatment.
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4.  Bioremediation is the use of biological systems for
the reduction of pollution from air, aquatic or
terrestrial systems.
 The process involves aerobic or anaerobic
microorganisms that results in degraded products.
 Bioremediation is used to reduce or remove
hazardous waste which has already polluted the
environment.
Pollution
(Air water or soil)
Microorganisms
Degraded product
Eco-friendly
(detoxification)
Hazardous
BIOREMEDIATION
Tri or tera-
chloro-ethylene
Complete Incomplete
Vinyl-chloride10-11-2017

5. BIODEGRADABLE CONTAMINANTS
Micro
organisms
Grow on toxic
compounds
Convert them to
nontoxic
products
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6. NANOBIOREMEDIATION
Nano + Bio + Remediation
The use of nanoparticles and nanotechnology to enhance the microbial activity to remove pollutants,
they also enhance bioremediation.
Nanobioremediation has the potential not only to reduce the overall costs of cleaning up large-scale
contaminated sites, but it can also reduce clean up time.
Reduce the overall
costs of cleaning up
large-scale
contaminated sites
Reduce Sites clean-
up time
Eliminate the need
for treatment
Disposal of
contaminated soil
Reduce some
contaminant
concentration near
to zero
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7. Nanoremediation
Iron
Nanoparticles
Nano
sorbents
Bimetallic
Nanoparticles
Bioremediation
Immobilized
Enzymes
Micro
organisms
Nano
Bioremediation
Zero-Valent
Nanoparticles
Iron-Oxide
Nanoparticles
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8. NANOREMEDIATION : IRON NANOPARTICLES
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9. POLLUTANTS REMEDIATED BY IRON
NANOPARTICLES
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10. NANOREMEDIATION : IRON NANOPARTICLES ADVANTAGES
Aggregation of these particles is responsible for reducing the surface area to volume ratio.
Nanoscale iron is abundant and far less toxic than other heavy metals.
The co-precipitation of ferrous and ferric salts.
Easier separation
Re-usability
Cost-effectiveness.
Magnetic Properties
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11. NANOREMEDIATION : IRON NANOPARTICLES DISADVANTAGES
11
Iron rusts when combines with oxygen to form iron oxide, But polymer coating or other entrapping materials
protects the iron surface from rusting in the presence of water.
Iron nanoparticles may migrate only a few inches to a few feet from the point of injection.
The mobility of nanoparticles in the subsurface environment depends on the particle size, solution pH, ionic
strength, soil composition, ground water flow velocity and so on.

12. IRON NANOPARTICLES APPLICATIONS
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Removal of surface pollution
• Petrochemicals
Removal of sub-surface pollution
• Pesticides
• Organic Solutes
• Fertilizers
• Heavy Metals

13. BIOREMEDIATION: SINGLE-ENZYME NANOPARTICLES
13
An effective way to increase the stability, longevity, and reusability of the enzymes is to attach
them to magnetic iron NPs.
If enzymes are attached to the magnetic iron NPs then we can easily separate the enzymes from
reactants or products by applying a magnetic field.
The first SENs were assembled by Kim and Grate (2005), using chymotrypsin as a model enzyme.

14. NANO BIOREMEDIATION : ZERO-VALENT IRON
NANOPARTICLES
NanoZVI can be injected into a site to degrade the contaminant:
Creating a wall of Particles Cleans Water as it passes through it
Using small mobile particles Travel through the pores in the soil
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15. NANO BIOREMEDIATION : ZERO-VALENT IRON
NANOPARTICLES
 NanoZVI may provide faster clean-up compared to conventional techniques due to increased
contaminant degradation rates.
 NanoZVI can be used on a wide range of environmental contaminants (such as polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, heavy metals, and various other chemical pollutants )
These nanoparticles may potentially able to reach hard-to-access areas for in situ use.
It has often been cited to be potentially more cost-effectiveness compared to alternative techniques.
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16. 10-11-2017

17. NANO BIOREMEDIATION : NANOSTRUCTURE
The Iron-Oxide and sulphides Nanoparticles have used in remediation to sorb or immobilize contaminants from
groundwater and in wastes.
Carbon nanotubes, for example, have been recognized for their ability to adsorb dioxin much more strongly than
traditional activated carbon. ( Nano Air Remediation )
Carbon nanotube based sensors are used for sensing various gases like NH3,NO2 or O3.
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TiO2 NPs Metal NPs
SWCNTs
MWCNTs

18. Dendrimers are highly branched polymers with controlled composition and nanoscale
dimensions.
Chelating agents in the form of dendrimers are also studied for the removal of metal
contaminants.
These can be designed so to able to act as ´cages` and trap metal ions and zero‐valent
metals, making them soluble in appropriate media or able to bind to certain surfaces.
Utilizing TiO2 porous ceramic filters of which the pores were filled with an alkylated poly
dendrimer , poly hyperbranched polymer , β-cyclodextrin thus resulting in hybrid
organic/inorganic filter modules of high mechanical strength and high surface area.
The vision is to use dendrimers as Nanoscale chelating agents for polymers supported
ultrafiltration systems.
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NANOREMEDIATION USING DENDRIMERS

19. SENSING OF POLLUTANTS
Nanotechnology has great potential for making a
sensor for monitoring pollution.
The ability of the nanoparticles to be coated with
wide range of chemical and biological ligands helps
in giving the specificity to the sensor.
The surface to volume ratio of the nanoparticles can
be easily controlled by varying the size and shape of
the nanoparticles thus giving control over the
interaction quality with the analyte molecule.
Detection of organic pollutants
Detection of inorganic pollutants
Detection of biologic pollutants
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20. SENSING OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS:
 Porous silicon exhibits the phenomena of photoluminescence and this luminescence is quenched in the presence of
organic molecule.
 By using this technology pesticide concentration as low as 1 ppm could be detected.
SENSING OF INORGANIC POLLUTANTS:
The detection of various heavy metals, like Pb, Hg, Cd, using nanoparticles is either fluorescence based or
calorimetric based.
Binding of heavy metal ions to these metal chelators results in aggregation of the nanoparticles yielding a shift in
wavelength absorption and ultimately resulting in colour change from red to blue.
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21. SENSING OF BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS
Biological contaminants include living organisms (generally bacteria) or their by-products that can be
toxic to human health.
The major bacterial pollutant belongs to enterobacteriaceae family.
Coated gold nanoparticles with IgG proved successful for sensing S. aureus and S. saprophyticus.
Quantum dots (QD) are also used as a fluorescent system for detection of microorganisms like Giardia.
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22. PREVENTION
Pollution prevention is defined as the reduction of pollutants at the source
Metal oxide Nano catalysts ( chiefly gold Nano catalyst ) show promising results for preventing or reducing the
pollution at the source.
Product innovation : Development of new products that have less impact on environment their predecessors for e.g.
genetically improved plant varieties that resistant against insects/ diseases, thereby reducing the use of pesticides.
( GENETIC ENGINEERING : Involves the use of microorganisms genetically modified by recombinant DNA
technology. GE is a powerful tool in creating environment friendly alternatives for products and processes. )
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23. NANOBIO
REMEDIATI
ON
Wide
Physiological
Diversity
Small
Size
Genetic
Manipulability
Controlled
Cultivability
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24. APPLICATIONS OF NANOBIOREMEDIATION
1. Waste water and Industrial effluents
2. Drinking and process water
3. Soil and land treatment
4. Solid waste
5. Sensing of pollutants
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25. CONCLUSION
Advances in Nano scale science and engineering suggest that many of the current problems involving water
quality could be resolved or greatly uplifted using Nano sorbents , Nano catalysts , bioactive nanoparticles ,
nanostructured catalytic membranes and nanoparticle enhanced filtration among other products and processes
resulting from the development of nanotechnology.
According to above all application of Nanobioremediation it can be definitely concluded that, Nanoparticles,
Nano technological instrument play efficient role in the process of Nanobioremediation.
By applying the Nanobioremediation to environment hazards, it can clean them Faster and Safer than other
methods and technology. We can say that, NanoBioremediation Maintain all three criteria.
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26. REFERENCES
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NanoBioremediation-1078.html
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5) FU-MIN MENN,JAMES P. EASTER,GARY S. SAYLER,21 Genetically Engineered Microorganisms and
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28. Thank You!
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