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The French Revolution "Radical" Phase: 1793-1794
Pre-Conditions of Radical Phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Attitudes & actions of monarchy & court Fear of Counter-Revolution Religious divisions Political divisions War Economic Crises The Causes of  Instability in France 1792 - 1795
The Jacobins Jacobin Meeting House ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Political Spectrum Jacobins Montagnards (“The Mountain”) Girondists Monarchíen (Royalists) 1790s: The Plain (swing votes) TODAY:
Girondist Rule in the Legislative Assembly 1792-1793  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The “Second” French Revolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
On August 10 th a large Parisian crowd invaded the Tuileries and forced the king and family to take refuge in the Legislative Assembly The crowd fought the Swiss Guard many killed before King called off the troops.
The Storming of the Tuileries: August 9-10, 1792 Triggered in part by the publication in Paris of the August 3 Brunswick Manifesto, which confirmed popular suspicions concerning the king’s treason. King imprisoned… not allowed to perform duties.  Constitutional monarchy has no Monarch!
The  Sans-Culottes: The Parisian Working Class ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],They shared many of the ideals of their middle class representatives in government!
The  Sans-Culottes Depicted as Savages by a British Cartoonist.
The September Massacres,  1792 (The dark side of the Revolution!) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
September 20, 1792  Battle of Valmy French army stop the Prussian advance!  Victory!!
The National Convention (September 21, 1792) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],When France sneezes,  all of Europe catches cold!
The Politics of the  National Convention  (1792-1795) Montagnards Mountain Girondists ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The “Purifying” Pot of the Jacobin
Louis XVI as a Pig ,[object Object],[object Object]
Louis XVI’s Head  (January 21, 1793) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Death of “Citizen” Louis Capet Matter for reflection for the crowned jugglers. So impure blood doesn’t soil our land!
February 1793  War ! The nation was at war with  Austria  Prussia Great Britain Spain  Sardinia  Holland
Attempts to Control the Growing Crisis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Sanctioned the trial & execution of rebels and émigrés, should they ever return to France.
Attempts to Control the Growing Crisis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Committee for Public Safety ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Maximillian Robespierre (1758 – 1794)
Georges Jacques Danton (1759 – 1794)
Jean-Paul Marat (1744 – 1793)
“ The Death of Marat” by Jacques Louis David,  1793
The Assassination of Marat by Charlotte Corday,  1793
The Assassination of Marat by Charlotte  Corday Paul Jacques Aimee Baudry, 19 c [A Romantic View]
Early June 1793 sans-culottes invade the Convention and demand the expulsion of the Girondist members.   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Levee en Masse: An Entire Nation at Arms! – 500,000 Soldiers An army based on merit, not birth!
Legislation Passed by the  National Convention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Marie Antoinette as a Serpent The “Widow Capet”
Marie Antoinette  on the Way to the Guillotine
Marie Antoinette Died in October, 1793
The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible.   -- Robespierre Let terror be the order of the day! ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Guillotine: An “Enlightenment Tool” ? Oh, thou charming guillotine,  You shorten kings and queens; By your influence divine, We have re-conquered our rights. Come to aid of the Country And let your superb instrument Become forever permanent To destroy the impious sect. Sharpen your razor for Pitt and his agents Fill your divine sack with heads of tyrants.
Different Social Classes Executed  28% 31% 25% 8% 7%
The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in  1939 !
War of Resistance to the Revolution: The Vendee Revolt, 1793
Vendee  Revolt, 1793 Drowning the Traitors! Vendee Symbol: For God & the King!
Why was there a Revolt in the  Vendee ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TARGETS: Local government officials National Guardsmen Jurying priests
Political Propaganda
The Contrast: “French Liberty / British Slavery”
Religious Terror: De-Christianization  (1793-1794) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The De-Christianization Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Convention symbolically divorced the state from the Church!!
A Republican Calendar
The New Republican Calendar Time Period Meaning New Name August 18 – September 21 Fruit Fructidor July 19 – August 17 Heat Thermidor June 19 – July 18 Harvest Messidor May 20 – June 18 Meadow Prairial April 20 – May 19 Flowers Floreal March 21 – April 19 Budding Germinal February 19 – March 20 Wind Ventose January 20 – February 18 Rain Pluviose December 21 – January 19 Snow Nivose November 21 – December 20 Frost Frimaire October 22 – November 20 Fog Brumaire September 22 – October 21 Vintage Vendemaire
A New Republican Calendar Year The Gregorian System returned in 1806. 1805 XIV 1804 – 1805 XIII 1803 – 1804 XII 1802 – 1803 XI 1801 – 1802 X 1800 – 1801 IX 1799 – 1800 VIII 1798 – 1799 VII 1797 – 1798 VI 1796 – 1797 V 1795 – 1796 IV 1794 – 1795 III 1793 – 1794 II 1792 – 1793 I
The De-Christianization Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The “Temple of Reason” Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this temple,  Become the goddess of the French people.
The Festival of Supreme Being A new secular holiday
Backlash to the De-Christianization Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Radical’s Arms: No God! No Religion! No King! No Constitution!
The Terror Intensified: March to July, 1794 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Danton & the “Indulgents” Jacques Hébert & the Hérbetists Executed in April, 1794 Executed in March, 1794
French Victory at Fleurus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The “Thermidorean Reaction,”  1794 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Arrest of Robespierre
The Revolution Consumes Its Own Children! Danton Awaits Execution, 1793 Robespierre Lies Wounded Before the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.
The “Cultural Revolution”Brought About by the Convention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Repression of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Read More About the Revolution

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French revolution 2

  • 1. The French Revolution "Radical" Phase: 1793-1794
  • 2.
  • 3.  
  • 4. Attitudes & actions of monarchy & court Fear of Counter-Revolution Religious divisions Political divisions War Economic Crises The Causes of Instability in France 1792 - 1795
  • 5.
  • 6. The Political Spectrum Jacobins Montagnards (“The Mountain”) Girondists Monarchíen (Royalists) 1790s: The Plain (swing votes) TODAY:
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. On August 10 th a large Parisian crowd invaded the Tuileries and forced the king and family to take refuge in the Legislative Assembly The crowd fought the Swiss Guard many killed before King called off the troops.
  • 10. The Storming of the Tuileries: August 9-10, 1792 Triggered in part by the publication in Paris of the August 3 Brunswick Manifesto, which confirmed popular suspicions concerning the king’s treason. King imprisoned… not allowed to perform duties. Constitutional monarchy has no Monarch!
  • 11.
  • 12. The Sans-Culottes Depicted as Savages by a British Cartoonist.
  • 13.
  • 14. September 20, 1792 Battle of Valmy French army stop the Prussian advance! Victory!!
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. The “Purifying” Pot of the Jacobin
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. The Death of “Citizen” Louis Capet Matter for reflection for the crowned jugglers. So impure blood doesn’t soil our land!
  • 21. February 1793 War ! The nation was at war with Austria Prussia Great Britain Spain Sardinia Holland
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 26. Georges Jacques Danton (1759 – 1794)
  • 28. “ The Death of Marat” by Jacques Louis David, 1793
  • 29. The Assassination of Marat by Charlotte Corday, 1793
  • 30. The Assassination of Marat by Charlotte Corday Paul Jacques Aimee Baudry, 19 c [A Romantic View]
  • 31.
  • 32. The Levee en Masse: An Entire Nation at Arms! – 500,000 Soldiers An army based on merit, not birth!
  • 33.
  • 34. Marie Antoinette as a Serpent The “Widow Capet”
  • 35. Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine
  • 36. Marie Antoinette Died in October, 1793
  • 37.
  • 38. The Guillotine: An “Enlightenment Tool” ? Oh, thou charming guillotine, You shorten kings and queens; By your influence divine, We have re-conquered our rights. Come to aid of the Country And let your superb instrument Become forever permanent To destroy the impious sect. Sharpen your razor for Pitt and his agents Fill your divine sack with heads of tyrants.
  • 39. Different Social Classes Executed 28% 31% 25% 8% 7%
  • 40. The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939 !
  • 41. War of Resistance to the Revolution: The Vendee Revolt, 1793
  • 42. Vendee Revolt, 1793 Drowning the Traitors! Vendee Symbol: For God & the King!
  • 43.
  • 45. The Contrast: “French Liberty / British Slavery”
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 49. The New Republican Calendar Time Period Meaning New Name August 18 – September 21 Fruit Fructidor July 19 – August 17 Heat Thermidor June 19 – July 18 Harvest Messidor May 20 – June 18 Meadow Prairial April 20 – May 19 Flowers Floreal March 21 – April 19 Budding Germinal February 19 – March 20 Wind Ventose January 20 – February 18 Rain Pluviose December 21 – January 19 Snow Nivose November 21 – December 20 Frost Frimaire October 22 – November 20 Fog Brumaire September 22 – October 21 Vintage Vendemaire
  • 50. A New Republican Calendar Year The Gregorian System returned in 1806. 1805 XIV 1804 – 1805 XIII 1803 – 1804 XII 1802 – 1803 XI 1801 – 1802 X 1800 – 1801 IX 1799 – 1800 VIII 1798 – 1799 VII 1797 – 1798 VI 1796 – 1797 V 1795 – 1796 IV 1794 – 1795 III 1793 – 1794 II 1792 – 1793 I
  • 51.
  • 52. The “Temple of Reason” Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this temple, Become the goddess of the French people.
  • 53. The Festival of Supreme Being A new secular holiday
  • 54.
  • 55. The Radical’s Arms: No God! No Religion! No King! No Constitution!
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59. The Arrest of Robespierre
  • 60. The Revolution Consumes Its Own Children! Danton Awaits Execution, 1793 Robespierre Lies Wounded Before the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63. Read More About the Revolution

Notes de l'éditeur

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