This presentation contains the positive and negative impacts regarding corona. I made it from various resources and wanted it share it publicly, so that others can also use it.

1. Economic Impacts
of COVID-19

2. INTRODUCTION
Coronavirus (COVID-19), that grew rapidly has become one of the
deadliest viruses that is killing people worldwide. This virus took
birth in Wuhan city of China and since then have travelled to more
than 160 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has
declared Coronavirus as a pandemic. In India, this pandemic
started on 30 January 2020 by affecting an individual who had
travel history from Wuhan, China.

3. OVERVIEW
 World economy is seeing its greatest fall ever.
Corona virus has largely impacted the growth
of almost every country and is responsible
for the slump in GDP worldwide.
 Like other countries, India is also impacted
by this virus. Almost every industry sector has
seen a fall in their sales and revenue.
 Prime Minister Modi announced the first
21 days of India’s lockdown on 24th March.

4. • During this address to the nation he said, “JAAN HAI TO JAHAAN HAI” ( Only if there is life
there will be livelihood). But on 11th April, in a meeting its was changed to “JAAN BHI
JAHAAN BHI”
• On 1 September 2020, the Ministry of Statistics released the GDP figures for Q2 (April to
June) FY20, which showed a contraction of 24% as compared to the same period the year
before.
• According to Nomura India Business Resumption Index economic activity fell from 82.9 on
22 March to 44.7 on 26 April
• Unemployment rose from 6.7% on 15 March to 26% on 19 April and then back down to pre-
lockdown levels by mid-June.
• During the lockdown, an estimated 14 crore (140 million) people lost employment while
salaries were cut for many others.
• More than 45% of households across the nation have reported an income drop as
compared to the previous year.
• Those in the informal sectors and daily wage groups have been at the most risk. A large
number of farmers around the country who grow perishables, also faced uncertainty.

5.  The lockdown had a havoc impact on small, medium and large enterprises of the country which
led to no job and economic downturn condition.
 It left over millions unemployed and pushed millions towards hunger and poverty.
 After the first lockdown phase, within 7 days, electricity demand reduced to 30%, oil demand
diminished by 70%.
 China is one of the largest exporters of many raw materials to India. Shutting down of factories
has damaged the supply chain resulting in drastic surge in the prices of raw materials.
 Some of the other products that has seen a rise in their prices are gold, masks, sanitizers,
smartphones, medicines, consumer durables, etc.
 Aviation sector and automobile companies are hardest hit among the rest. With no airplane
landings or take-offs globally and restricted travel has brought aviation and travel industry to a
halt.
NEGATIVE IMPACT ON INDIAN
ECONOMY

6.  The labor- intensive firms were forced to minimize operations or were temporarily shut down.
 Due to this outbreak, almost 80% of Indian companies has witnessed cash flow difficulty and
over 50% of companies are facing operations issues.
 Slow economic activity is resulting in cash flow problems eventually impacting repayments,
interest, taxes, etc.
 India has an economy where large section of people depends on the daily wages e.g.
autorickshaw drivers, carpenters, delivery boys, domestic laborers, scrap or waste collectors,
vegetable vendors and waiters.
 Mass unemployment created frustration and drove people to chronic anxiety, stress, depression,
alcoholic dependence and self harm.
 This pandemic crisis has triggered large erosion of demand globally, resulting in a sharp decline
in crude oil prices due to absence of demand because of lockdown.

7. IMPACT ON BUSSINESSES
 Because of coronavirus shut down, several businesses and entrepreneurs are facing
challenging times. From stores to restaurants all businesses are affected by this pandemic
 Especially small businesses are hugely affected by this. The sense of uncertainty regarding
the future has caused a lot of stress to the enterprisers and small business owners.
 Factories have closed and there is a breakdown of industries as well.
 It is observed that half of the customer demand has already decreased. Small businesses are
the most important economic factor for any state. It aids the economy of any country.
 The entrepreneurs have to seek loans from banks that are causing huge losses of the
business revenues.

8.  The industries which have been evidently affected are finance, construction, real estate, utilities,
mining and quarrying, . Both exports and imports fell. Unfortunately, the micro and small businesses,
daily wagers, and more have all placed placards with either "temporarily closed" or "to-let" boards
written, and due to this several migrant labourers have faced the wrath of hunger during the
pandemic, “Vocal for Local” would go a long way.
According to the survey results of FICCI
 The pandemic has significantly impacted the cash flow at organizations with almost 80 per cent
reporting a decrease in cash flow.
 The pandemic has had a major impact on the supply chains as more than 60 per cent respondents
indicate that their supply chains were affected.
 Reduction in consumption resulted in decrease in demand, along with revenue got reduced and
resulted in less profits and less taxes paid.
 By means of this, deficiency in consumption demand resulted in employees being laid off, which lead
to reduction in workforce and output capacity.
 So far, employment opportunities were already short, but the time of Covid and the lockdown,
brought severe crisis of employment opportunities in local labor markets.

10. Aviation Sector
 The COVID-19 pandemic had a massive impact on the Indian aviation sector in 2020 and
major airlines facing losses and challenging times laid off employees, sent them on leave
without pay, or cut their salaries.
 The impact on Aviation sector was the worst, as it caused huge amount of losses
 The effect of this disruption can be gauged by the loss figures of India's two largest airlines.
IndiGo incurred net losses of Rs 2,884 crore and Rs 1,194 crore in Q1 and Q2 of this fiscal
respectively. SpiceJet posted net losses of Rs 600 crore and Rs 112 crore in Q1 and Q2,
respectively.
 Other wings of the aviation sector also took a hit. The revenue of Indian carriers declined by
86 percent, airport operators witnessed an 84 percent drop, and Air India reported a 78
percent fall in revenue during April-June 2020, over April-June 2019.

11.  On 31st December 2020 ,The Economic Times Of India stated that the pandemic is
likely to have a longer impact on international air travel as compared with domestic
flights (which are operating at 80% capacity) due to the closure of international
operations and airports. India now has air transport bubbles with 23 countries. The
international sector, down by 80-90% from pre-Covid level, is expected to grow only
marginally. Industry experts do not see profitability returning until the end of 2021.
 And now many countries like US, Canada, Australia , France have banned the flights
from India due to the exacerbating coronavirus situation in India

12. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
INDUSTRY
 The lockdown has broken the back of the tourism industry across the country. This has
created employment crisis, crores of people in India directly or indirectly connected to the
tourism industry have suffered.
 The Travel and Tourism sector accounted for 9.2 percent of India's GDP in 2018 and
provided 2.67 crore jobs.
 Due to the Corona Virus pandemic, bookings for the entire year have decreased by 18-20
per cent in 2020, while the average daily fare has come down by 12-14 per cent.
 Lockdown has been done in many cities not only in India but also all over the world. The
employment of five crore people in the tourism industry was lost. Because fear has seethed
in people's minds and they will avoid going abroad.

13. 70% jobs were lost as the places which ran on tourist basis were shut due
to lockdown.
However, around nearly 90% bookings of hotel and flights for the peak
time were cancelled. Cruise bookings for destinations such as Thailand,
Singapore and Malaysia were also cancelled by travelers in huge numbers.
According to the Indian Association of Tour Operators (IATO), the hotel,
aviation and travel sector together incurred a loss of about Rs 8,500 crore
due to travel restrictions imposed on foreign tourists by India for a month
(March-April)

14. Automotive Industry
 The automotive sector had already undergone considerable slowdown over the last
12-18 months due to structural changes beginning with the goods & services tax
(GST), shift to shared mobility, axle-load reforms, the switch from BS 4 to BS 6
transition, liquidity crunch, etc. The COVID-19 lockdown has had a multiplier effect –
the industry has almost been at a complete standstill since March 24.
 Auto dealers have been unable to deliver vehicles during the lockdown phase, and
have reported 30-45 days of finished goods inventory, likely to be heavily discounted
post-lockdown. Further, with BS 6 sales mandated from 10 days after lockdown ends
(and sale of 10 % of existing BS 4 inventory until then), dealers face a significant
burden to liquidate unsold BS 4 inventory, worth Rs 6,300 crore

15. Sea-Food Business
 The fisheries sector plays a major part as a driver of Indian economic growth and the
seafood trade has a significant role in earning foreign exchange and contributing to
global food security
 The lockdown period in India had some impact on the seafood export sector on account
of logistics issue. The Centre had instructed the state and other government bodies to
provide all logistical support for the smooth functioning of seafood export sector and the
situation has improved.
 However, globally the sector was affected due to Covid-19 and the associated lockdown.
This has resulted in cancellation of several orders, reduced and delayed payments,
slowdown of cargo movements, and difficulty in getting new orders and renewal of
existing orders.

16. TEXTILE INDUSTRY
 Textile sector is already in a loss due to decrease in the export. Moreover, if the imports
become cheap, This will lead to a greater threat to their products.
 Many garment or textile factories in China have halted operations due to the outbreak of
coronavirus , adversely affecting exports by 50%, leading to a severe impact on the spinning
mills in India.
 Due to this slowdown in the flow of goods and hence revenue, textile units may be hampered
in making annual interest and repayments to financial institutions, thereby defaulting their
dues.
 This will also adversely impact the demand from cotton farmers, who were already witnessing
subdued prices and fear that the said price may fall further if the China crises continues
unabated.
 It may be mentioned that India already has a price disadvantage against country like Vietnam,
Pakistan and Indonesia which have duty free access to China for export of cotton yarn .

17. Impact on Financial Institutions
 The banking and financial sector is among the worst hit in the current downturn.
 The coronavirus outbreak has impacted both financial markets and consumer sentiments; and with
the ongoing liquidity concerns and lockdown situations
 Bank branches were continued to remain open amidst the COVID-19 pandemic which posed a health
risk to employees as the gathering of people allows for the spread of contagion.
 All the Banks are engaged in implementation of government schemes by transferring of DBTs to the
beneficiaries.
 At the same time, a large number of people and businesses are frantically trying to contact their
Banks with questions, concerns or to request special measures as their finances have been impacted
by the pandemic.
 The Indian banking system is under-capitalized and continues to be saddled with bad loans, despite
some successes.
 Indian Banking sector tends to be heavily owned by foreign institutional investors (FIIs). Their
massive pull-out has led to heavy selling in these stocks.

18. Positive Impact On Indian Economy

19. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
 The Indian pharma sector is the third-largest in the world. It manufactures almost 60 per cent of the
vaccines used globally.
 Generic drugs were playing a crucial role in the fight against COVID–19. India has been meeting
more than 20 per cent of the world and almost 50 per cent of the US’s generic drug requirements.
Unfortunately, Indian manufacturers rely heavily on China for key starting materials (KSMs),
intermediate and APIs with China catering to nearly 70 per cent of Indian pharma companies’
requirements
 The impact on the Indian pharma sector is typically evident, given that most raw materials are
procured from China, the epicenter of the outbreak.
 Indian drug manufacturers face other challenges as well. An Indian pharmaceutical facility can sell
drugs in the US only after it has been inspected and approved by the US FDA. With the ban on
international travel, inspection is naturally out of question, rendering it impossible for Indian drug
companies to sell in the US and other overseas markets.

21. Indian Pharma industry has already made its mark on the global scene. Thanks to the demand for the
Hydroxychloroquine from across the world, Indian Pharma industry is now been seen as robust and
extremely cost-effective.
As we all know that during lockdown, India supplied Paracetamol and Hydroxychloroquine to over
120 countries, whereas more than 40 countries received these medicines as free of charge while
ensuring domestic supply, as these two medicines were in huge demand due to COVID 19.
The demand of these medicines increased as they are prohibited/banned items in many countries.
Hence, it became an advantage to the India Pharma industries that lead to more production of these
medicines for supply.
Moreover, at that time all Pharmaceutical companies begin to manufacture the preventive things like
sanitizers, surgical face masks, PPE kits and much more..
Although the people who consume medicines daily was constant.
But it was benefit to the industries that people were relying more on the medicines which boost our
immunity.
That period was bonanza for the Pharma Industry.

22. SPORTS INDUSTRY
 Since its onset, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread to almost all countries of the world. Social and
physical distancing measures, lockdowns of businesses, schools and overall social life, which have become
commonplace to curtail the spread of the disease, have also disrupted many regular aspects of life,
including sport and physical activity.
 To safeguard the health of athletes and others involved, most major sporting events at international,
regional and national levels have been cancelled or postponed – from marathons to football tournaments,
athletics championships to basketball games, handball to ice hockey, rugby, cricket, sailing, skiing,
weightlifting to wrestling and more. The Olympics and Paralympics, for the first time in the history of the
modern games, have been postponed, and will be held in 2021.
 In the face of COVID-19, many millions of jobs are therefore at risk globally, not only for sports
professionals but also for those in related retail and sporting services industries connected with leagues and
events, which include travel, tourism, infrastructure, transportation, catering and media broadcasting,
among others. Professional athletes are also under pressure to reschedule their training, while trying to stay
fit at home, and they risk losing professional sponsors who may not support them as initially agreed.

23.  The global outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in closure of gyms, stadiums, pools, dance and fitness
studios, physiotherapy centers, parks and playgrounds. Many individuals are therefore not able to actively
participate in their regular individual or group sporting or physical activities outside of their homes
 Under such conditions, many tend to be less physically active, have longer screen time, irregular sleep
patterns as well as worse diets, resulting in weight gain and loss of physical fitness.
 The Fitness Industry particularly brick-and-mortar gyms were among the hardest hit at the onset of Covid-
19. There has been a massive crisis of unemployment of gyms and studio owners, professional trainers
and supporting staff. Owners found it difficult to pay bank loans, rents, electricity bills and salaries of
employees.
 By the means of this, when the unlock phases started, people came out searching equipments for physical
activity. The primary exercise article was the bicycle followed by badminton and the sports which were
played in less space. People bought equipments which are feasible to use as a part of home workouts
which majorly comprised of gym equipments.
 The pandemic has also caused a lot of anxiety and depression among people, moreover people got
frustrated by sitting at home and wanted a change in their routines, which has in turn generated
conversation around mental health.

24.  People have became more conscious and serious about mental health and engaged
themselves in physical activities that include mindful activities such as meditation. In fact,
participation in fitness activities such as yoga has risen since the pandemic.
 With this, people started to realize the uncertainty about the future and medical
emergency can take place at anytime. So, to protect us from any medical emergency
Health Insurance is must.
 Health insurance also being the need of the hour , made a clear change in the people’s
mind.
 Hence there was around 30-40% uptake in health insurance adoption across country.

25. E-COMMERCE
 Despite the crisis in various industries, eCommerce is now very much alive. Moreover, after the
COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and staying home is further pushed the consumers
towards online shopping.
 The recent lifestyle of staying at home grabbed more attention towards online buying and selling.
Not only this but all the sectors like food, health care, garments, jewelry even entertainment
enjoyed good time and got advantage of this as people were at leisure mostly doing nothing.
 From the smallest of things used in our households to the biggest of item people were buying it
online.
 Many people refashioned their businesses and brought it to online platforms so that they do not
loose their customers.

26.  Online retail firm like Amazon stated in Q2 2020 that its revenue jumped 40% from a year earlier to
$88.9 Bn.
 Local grocery shops started to take orders through the most feasible app that is whatsapp.
 Home delivery was started by Liquor shops through their own websites.
 Movies got a substitute to be get released through OTT platforms like Netflix, Amazon prime etc.
COVID fueled the global OTT platform video business also there was massive increase in number
of viewers during this time.
 Though traditional way of attending classes that is physically is not possible in this situation, but still
many companies launched softwares in which scenario like virtual classroom is made for the
students to learn and interact.
ZOOM meeting being the most popular among these softwares, through which
teacher host meeting/classes and over 100 participants can join.
 Furthermore many other companies also came in this competition and took advantage of it.
 Healthcare and apparel market was already well established pre-covid time with the online platform
and enjoyed this period well.

27.  All this time the main part was of the electronic gadgets Smartphones and Laptops. The
usage rate of these appliances spiked around 25%, with 55% increase in time spent on
social media, and a 45 percent rise in time spent gaming on smartphones.
 Thus with change in the work patterns people bought new and upgraded versions of these
gadgets to continue their working and adjust with this situation.
 Indians bought more smartphones during the period than any other period.
With Online Channel Share Increased to 43% in the Indian Smartphone
Market in Q2 2020, As Consumers Preferred Contact-Less Shopping
Experience, stated Counterpoint Research.

28. ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT
 Atmanirbhar Bharat, which translates to 'self-reliant India', is a Hindi phrase used and popularized by
the Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi and the Government of India in relation to economic
development in the country during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the term is used as
an umbrella concept in relation to making India "a bigger and more important part of the global economy",
pursuing policies that are efficient, competitive and resilient, and being self-sustaining and self-
generating.
 The main aim of Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan package is making India a global hub of manufacturing
and services And making India a self –reliant country.
 This was based on the main criteria of ‘MAKE IN INDIA’ 2014, moreover one line was added which
focused more on “FOR INDIA”
 As Prime Minister Narendra Modi continues to push for Atmanirbhar Bharat, the country’s first boost
towards self-reliance may be achieved in urea. India has commissioned four new plants to reduce its
dependence on imports from China.
 The MSME sector is the most vibrant and dynamic industrial sector contributing about 40 per cent to the
GDP and significantly to the exports of the country.

29.  The idea behind this is about decentralized localism that takes pride in indigenous brands,
emphasize resilience and adaptability, and encouraging local capacity-building and
employability.
 This will encourage the idea of making in India for the MSME industry and help amplify their
presence across sectors.
 MSME is basically the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises.
 MSME sector in India is second largest to agriculture with high employment and contribution
in terms of foreign exchange earnings, the sector has established its significance in the
macroeconomic value chain. It is only fair for us to now unleash the potential of this sector by
leveraging the ‘Make in India’ concept and help this sector thrive post the Covid-19
pandemic.

30. SLOGANS
 Slogans initiated under Atmanirbhar Bharat include 'vocal for local', 'local for global', 'make for world' and 'brain drain to
brain gain'.
 Vocal for local
Up until the beginning of 2020, it was all about globalization of businesses. But during lockdown, it
was all about staying home, inquiring about the health of your neighbours, leaving home only to buy locally and boosting the
local community.
As a part the PM emphasized the need for India to recognize the importance of local manufacturing, local markets and local
supply chains.
He said that COVID-19 taught India the importance of being local. He said, “All our demands during the crisis were met
locally. Now, it is time to be ‘vocal about local’ products and help them become global.”
Moreover, This mantra focused on boosting localism.
Amul Managing Director RS Sodhi explained that the phrase vocal–for–local "meant that products be made competitive vis-a-
vis global brands" and that "it didn’t mean that one must only buy products that have a logo 'made in India' on it . An extension
of this slogan is 'local for global', that local products in India should have global appeal and reach. The slogan has also been
extended to sectors such as the toy sector, "time to be vocal for local toys".

31. AYURVEDA
 Ayurveda is said to be an eternal science that first existed in the universal consciousness
(Brahma) before it was passed from the creator to the ancient Indian mystics through meditation.
 The origins of Ayurveda stretch deep into antiquity. From 3300–1300 BCE; a Bronze Age
civilization flourished in the Indus Valley in today’s Pakistan.
 The healing power of ayurvedic medicine is one of the world’s holistic.
 Every other country in the world started to use ayurvedic medicine as it does not have side-
effects, though the treatment through these are a bit slow but effective enough.
 But in India, people use more of allopathic medicines which consists the treatment with the help of
drugs. As the effect of medicines is shown at a rapid pace. Also allopathic medicines do have side
effects.

32.  This might look like what is the connection of this with the pandemic.
 The Ayurvedic modality was struggling in India over years.
 With the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for the Ayurvedic products in India was
pushed.
 The Ayurveda industry had begun to see an uptick in immunity-boosting herbs and their
concoctions April onwards. People started to rely and believe in natural substances and
medicines. Hence, started to use ayurvedic products.
 Though Ayurveda could not make a vaccine of the disease but it do had the immunity
boosters. Herbs like giloy, tulsi and turmeric were being included in the daily consumption
cycles by Indians and people across the globe.
 Hence, The Ayurveda economy has witnessed up to 90 per cent growth after the COVID-
19 pandemic, as Ayurveda has gained global acceptance, said Union Health Minister
Harsh Vardhan. Also, The sector has also witnessed a significant surge in export as well as
investment.

33. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
 The first quarter of 2020 was an unanticipated turning point for the oil, gas, and chemicals industries. The
dual effects of the COVID-19 ̶ related economic downturn and the oil price collapse reverberated across
these industries, which were already grappling with challenging longer-term trends. Three of these trends, in
particular, were compounded by the events of early 2020:
1. Growing consumer awareness of sustainability has led energy and chemical companies to explore
decarbonization technologies, reexamine their assets, and begin to diversify away from hydrocarbons where
possible.
2. Increased use of digital technologies in the workplace is transforming work and the workforce.
3. Chemical companies have been facing a situation of oversupply in certain market segments.
 The rise in oil, gas, and chemicals companies’ deployment of digital technologies has been primarily driven
by efficiency gains and increased reliability. Advanced market sensing, enhanced optimization of operations,
and increased use of “in silico” simulations produced positive results for many companies across these
industries. With the sudden arrival of COVID-19 and resulting closure of plants and work sites, companies’
existing digital technologies provided an advantage, but, in many cases, were still not adequate for the level
of remote

34.  In Indian chemical industry, 37% of organic chemicals, 13% of inorganic chemicals, 28% of dyes and
over 36% of pharma products are imported from China. Pharma industry in India is no different with
67% of active pharmaceutical ingredients or APIs being imported from China. Furthermore, in case of
APIs like vitamins, anti-diabetes, antibiotics, reliance on the neighboring country is more than 80%.
 During the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the biggest health and economic challenges in decades
came to the forefront. Across the world, countries undertook necessary measures to limit the spread
of COVID-19. While doing so, plastics being part of the overall chemical industry, played a vital role. It
helped in the form of ventilators, COVID-19 test kits, personal protective equipment (PPE), packaging
material and so on.
 Moreover India continues to be a strategic market for SABIC. The Indian chemical industry accounts
for seven percent of India’s GDP and about 14% in the overall index of industrial production. The
macro perspective on India indicates that the recovery post the lockdown has been better than
expected and the country’s long-term-growth prospect remains very positive.

35.  The role of plastic medical disposables have been instrumental in safeguarding communities
during the pandemic. However, the growth in the use of this medical and food packaging
disposables has also brought issues around recycling to the forefront. Today, more than ever,
industry needs to respond to the world’s environmental and societal challenges by embedding
sustainability and recycling into its very DNA.
 Organic chemicals, surgical & optical instruments, electrical machinery & mechanical
appliances and plastics are five items that comprise of 28% of the total imports from China.
 If we deeply look into chemical industry, the atmanirbhar bharat mission was not successful
as, till now India does not have that much capacity to produce to meet it’s need of raw
materials. So they had to import from other countries. In which estimated China tops the list of
exports to India.

37. Educational Sector
 Covid-19 brought up many challenges for both knowledge seekers and teachers in
the education industry.
 The situation had promoted to shut down all the educational institutes across the
country.
 It has changed the traditional education system to the educational technologies
model, where teaching and assessments are conducted online.
 The education sector is deeply uprooted with student-teacher learning by means of
virtual learning.
 From the negative effects, educational sector somehow got compensated through
online mode giving positive impact also.

38. Negative impact on education
• Educational activity hampered: Classes have been suspended and exams at different levels postponed.
Admission process got delayed. Due to continuity in lockdown, student suffered a loss of nearly 3 months of
the full academic year of 2020-21
• Impact on employment: Most of the recruitment got postponed due to COVID-19. Many teacher lost their
jobs due to lockdown as excess staff was expelled.
• Unprepared teachers/students for online education: Not all teachers/students are good at it or at least
not all of them were ready for this sudden transition from face to face learning to online learning. This was
tough for each one of us students were schooling with interaction in person.
Training through online training platforms give rise to lack of interest, classes being boring
and also no interaction at all which made students to reman quiet.
• Reduced global employment opportunity- Some may lose their jobs from other countries and the pass out
students may not get their job outside India due to restrictions caused by COVID-19. Many Indians might
have returned home after losing their jobs overseas due to COVID-19

39. Positive Impact on Education:
• Move towards Blended Learning: COVID-19 has accelerated adoption of digital technologies to deliver
education. It encouraged all teachers and students to become more technology savvy. It also gives access to
large pools of learners at a time.
• Rise in use of Learning Management Systems: Use of learning management systems by educational
institutions became a great demand. It opened a great opportunity for the companies those have been
developing and strengthening learning management systems for use educational institutions.
• Enhance the use of soft copy of learning material
• Rise in online mode- The pandemic has created a massive rise in teleconferencing, virtual meetings, webinars
and e-conferencing opportunities. This all gave a vigorous push to the online sites and e-commerce.
• Demand for Open and Distance Learning (ODL): During the pandemic situation most of the students preferred
ODL mode as it encourages self-learning providing opportunities to learn from diverse resources and customized
learning as per their needs.
Also, it emerged the trend of online courses and online internships, as many universities
provided short duration online courses for free. This gave students World Wide Exposure. This
was a good opportunity for the students which helped them in training and develop skills.

40. WEBOGRAPHY
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus
 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/midweekread/impact-of-
covid-19-on-indian-economy-26770/
 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0972063420935541

41. THANK YOU