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2 – Mavzu. Qum – gilli qolipda quymani tayyorlab
olish texnologiyasi
Oʻquv modul birliklari:
1. Quymani tayyorlab olish sxemasi
2. Qolip tayyorlashdagi moslamalar
3. Qolipni tayyorlash texnologiyasi

Quymakorlik qolipining vazifasi, bu quymaning
ko‘rsatilgan shaklini, o‘lchovlarini, belgilangan aniqligini,
sifatli yuzasini, belgilangan qolipga quyilgan
suyuqlantirilgan metallning sovitish tezligini, lozim
bo‘lgan tuzilishining shakllanishini ta’minlab sifatli
quyma olishdir. Qum – gilli qolipni tayyorlab olish
sxemasi 1 – rasmda keltirilgan.
Qolip qum – gilli aralashmadan moslamalar
yordamida tayyorlanadi. Moslama (model) yordamida
ko‘pincha ikki qismdan iborat, yarim qoliplar tayyorlab
olinadi. Moslama kesilgan yuzasi bilan massiv plitaga
keltiriladi. Plitaga qo‘yiladigan opokalar (5) quyma yoki
payvandlash usulida tayyorlab olingan. Opoka ichiga
qolip aralashmasi (1) solinadi va turli usullarda
zichlashtiriladi (2 – rasm).

1 – rasm. Qum – gilli qoliplarda quymalarni tayyorlab olish sxemasi

Quyma qolipda belgilangan darajaga
sovigan va qotgandan so‘ng ajratish
reshetkasida qolipni buzib quymani qolipdan
ajratib olinadi. Undan keyin quyma
arayishlardan tozalab va kerak bo‘lsa termik
ishlov berishga yuboriladi.
Mexanik bo‘limiga topshirilishdan oldin
quymalar nazoratdan o‘tkazilib, yaroqsiz va
nuqsonli quymalar suyuqlantirish bo‘limiga
yuboriladi. Yaroqli quymalar esa mexanik
ishlov berish sexlariga yuboriladi.

2 – rasm. Quymakorlik qolipi (a) va quyma – detal (b)

Opokalarda tayyorlangan quyma detalning shakli
olingandan keyin qolipdan moslamalar chiqarib
olinadi. Qoliplarni yig‘ishdan oldin uning pastki
qismiga bo‘shliqning shaklini chiqarib beradigan
o‘zak (sterjen) (2) o‘rnatilinadi (2 – rasm). Yarim
qoliplar yig‘ilgandan so‘ng ichida quymaning tashqari
shakli olinadi. Undan tashqari qolip ichida suyuq
metallni keltiradigan quyish tizimining qismlari (3) va
qolipdan gaz va havo chiqariladigan ventilyasion
kanallar, havo chiqish kanallari (4) bajariladi. O‘zaklar
maxsus o‘zak yashiklarida tayyorlanadi. O‘zak
(sterjen) aralashmalari qolip aralashmasidan puxtaroq
bo‘ladi va unga toza qumlar ko‘proq qo‘shiladi.
Ko‘pincha hajmi kattaroq quymalar uchun qolipda
qo‘shimcha bo‘shliq ustama (pribil) o‘rnatilinadi.

Ustamada suyuq metall ohirida qotib kirishishini
quymaning ichki qismida inkor etadi va gaz
g‘ovaklaridan saqlaydi. Ustamalar quymada chiqib
turadigan kattaroq qismlarni tashkil qiladi. Quyma
sovitilib qolipdan ajratilgandan so‘ng ustama
ko‘pincha payvandlash usulida kesib tashlanadi va
qayta suyuqlantirish uchun shixta vazifasida
ishlatiladi.

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2 - Ma'ruza.pptx

1. 2 – Mavzu. Qum – gilli qolipda quymani tayyorlab olish texnologiyasi Oʻquv modul birliklari: 1. Quymani tayyorlab olish sxemasi 2. Qolip tayyorlashdagi moslamalar 3. Qolipni tayyorlash texnologiyasi

2. Quymakorlik qolipining vazifasi, bu quymaning ko‘rsatilgan shaklini, o‘lchovlarini, belgilangan aniqligini, sifatli yuzasini, belgilangan qolipga quyilgan suyuqlantirilgan metallning sovitish tezligini, lozim bo‘lgan tuzilishining shakllanishini ta’minlab sifatli quyma olishdir. Qum – gilli qolipni tayyorlab olish sxemasi 1 – rasmda keltirilgan. Qolip qum – gilli aralashmadan moslamalar yordamida tayyorlanadi. Moslama (model) yordamida ko‘pincha ikki qismdan iborat, yarim qoliplar tayyorlab olinadi. Moslama kesilgan yuzasi bilan massiv plitaga keltiriladi. Plitaga qo‘yiladigan opokalar (5) quyma yoki payvandlash usulida tayyorlab olingan. Opoka ichiga qolip aralashmasi (1) solinadi va turli usullarda zichlashtiriladi (2 – rasm).

3. 1 – rasm. Qum – gilli qoliplarda quymalarni tayyorlab olish sxemasi

4. Quyma qolipda belgilangan darajaga sovigan va qotgandan so‘ng ajratish reshetkasida qolipni buzib quymani qolipdan ajratib olinadi. Undan keyin quyma arayishlardan tozalab va kerak bo‘lsa termik ishlov berishga yuboriladi. Mexanik bo‘limiga topshirilishdan oldin quymalar nazoratdan o‘tkazilib, yaroqsiz va nuqsonli quymalar suyuqlantirish bo‘limiga yuboriladi. Yaroqli quymalar esa mexanik ishlov berish sexlariga yuboriladi.

5. 2 – rasm. Quymakorlik qolipi (a) va quyma – detal (b)

6. Opokalarda tayyorlangan quyma detalning shakli olingandan keyin qolipdan moslamalar chiqarib olinadi. Qoliplarni yig‘ishdan oldin uning pastki qismiga bo‘shliqning shaklini chiqarib beradigan o‘zak (sterjen) (2) o‘rnatilinadi (2 – rasm). Yarim qoliplar yig‘ilgandan so‘ng ichida quymaning tashqari shakli olinadi. Undan tashqari qolip ichida suyuq metallni keltiradigan quyish tizimining qismlari (3) va qolipdan gaz va havo chiqariladigan ventilyasion kanallar, havo chiqish kanallari (4) bajariladi. O‘zaklar maxsus o‘zak yashiklarida tayyorlanadi. O‘zak (sterjen) aralashmalari qolip aralashmasidan puxtaroq bo‘ladi va unga toza qumlar ko‘proq qo‘shiladi. Ko‘pincha hajmi kattaroq quymalar uchun qolipda qo‘shimcha bo‘shliq ustama (pribil) o‘rnatilinadi.

7. Ustamada suyuq metall ohirida qotib kirishishini quymaning ichki qismida inkor etadi va gaz g‘ovaklaridan saqlaydi. Ustamalar quymada chiqib turadigan kattaroq qismlarni tashkil qiladi. Quyma sovitilib qolipdan ajratilgandan so‘ng ustama ko‘pincha payvandlash usulida kesib tashlanadi va qayta suyuqlantirish uchun shixta vazifasida ishlatiladi.

8. E’tiboringiz uchun rahmat

2 - Ma'ruza.pptx

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